Characteristics of Connective...
Transcript of Characteristics of Connective...
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Characteristics of Connective Tissue
▪Found everywhere in the body to connect body parts▪ Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues▪Functions:▪ Protection▪ Support▪ Binding
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Characteristics of Connective Tissue
▪Variations in blood supply▪ Some tissue types are well vascularized▪ Some have a poor blood supply or are avascular
▪Formed from mesenchymal stem cells (stems cells that differentiate to make many different cell types)
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Characteristics of Connective Tissue▪ Extracellular matrix
▪ Nonliving material that surrounds living cells▪ Two main elements of the extracellular matrix:
1. Ground substance- mostly water, along with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules
2. Fibersa. Collagen (white) fibersb. Elastic (yellow) fibersc. Reticular types (a type of collagen)
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Chondrocyte Cartilage
Osteocyte Bone tissue
Fibrocytes Connective Tissue Proper
Each type of connective tissue is formed from a special type of stem cell:
Mes
ench
yme
Chondroblasts
Osteoblasts
Fibroblasts
Hematopoietic cells Blood cells Blood
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Types of Connective Tissue
▪Types of connective tissue from most rigid to softest, or most fluid:▪ Bone▪ Cartilage▪ Dense connective tissue▪ Loose connective tissue▪ Blood
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Connective Tissue Proper
▪Loose connective tissue▪ Gel-like, have lots of cells, and fewer fibers▪ Types▪ Areolar▪ Adipose▪ Reticular
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Connective Tissue Proper
▪Areolar (Loose)▪ Structure: Gel-like ground substance with collagen and
elastic fibers▪ Function: Wraps and cushions organs▪ Location: Widely distributed under epithelium;
Packages organs
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Mucosalepithelium
Laminapropria
Elasticfibers
Collagenfibers
Elasticfibers ofmatrix
Fibroblastnuclei
Nuclei offibroblasts
Collagenfibers
(e) Diagram: Areolar Photomicrograph: Areolar connective tissue, asoft packaging tissue of the body (270×).
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Connective Tissue Proper
▪Adipose (Loose) ▪ Structure: Large vacuoles filled with oil droplets▪ Functions: Protects, Insulates, Provides fuel storage▪ Locations: Subcutaneous layer under skin, abdomen,
and breasts
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Nuclei offat cells
Vacuolecontainingfat droplet
Nuclei offat cells
Vacuolecontainingfat droplet
(f) Diagram: Adipose Photomicrograph: Adipose tissue from thesubcutaneous layer beneath the skin (570×).
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Connective Tissue Proper
▪Reticular (Loose)▪ Structure: Thin branched network of fibers▪ Function: Forms internal framework of organs▪ Locations: Lymph nodes, Spleen, Bone marrow
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Spleen
ReticularcellBloodcell
Reticularfibers
(g) Diagram: Reticular
White blood cell(lymphocyte)
Reticular fibers
Photomicrograph: Dark-staining networkof reticular connective tissue (400×).
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Connective Tissue Proper
▪Dense connective tissue▪ Many fibers, strong▪ Types:▪ Regular▪ Irregular▪ Elastic
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Connective Tissue Proper
▪Dense Regular▪ Structure: Closely packed network of collagen and
elastic fibers▪ Function: Attach muscle to bone or bone to bone▪ Location: Tendons and Ligaments
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Connective Tissue Proper
▪Dense Irregular▪ Structure: Irregularly arranged collagen fibers▪ Function: Withstands tension in many directions▪ Location: Dermis of the skin
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Connective Tissue Proper
▪Dense Elastic▪ Structure: Many elastic fibers with collagen fibers
between them▪ Function: Provides elastic quality▪ Location: Walls of arteries and airways
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Types of Connective Tissue
▪Cartilage▪ Less hard and more flexible than bone▪ Types▪ Hyaline cartilage▪ Fibrocartilage▪ Elastic cartilage
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Types of Connective Tissue▪Hyaline cartilage▪ Structure: Glassy matrix that hides collagen fibers;
Chondrocytes in lacunae▪ Function: Supports and reinforces▪ Locations: End of long bones, trachea, nose, and ribs
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Chondrocyte(cartilage cell)
Chondrocytein lacuna
Lacunae
(b) Diagram: Hyaline cartilage
Matrix
Photomicrograph: Hyaline cartilagefrom the trachea (400×).
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Types of Connective Tissue
▪Fibrocartilage▪ Structure: Matrix with thick collagen fibers;
Chondrocytes in lacunae▪ Function: Shock absorber▪ Location: Intervertebral disks, parts of the
pelvic girdle and knee
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Chondrocytesin lacunae
Chondro-cytes inlacunae
Collagenfibers
(c) Diagram: Fibrocartilage
Collagen fiber
Photomicrograph: Fibrocartilage of anintervertebral disc (150×).
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Types of Connective Tissue
▪Elastic cartilage▪ Structure: Dense network of elastic fibers;
Chondrocytes in lacunae▪ Function: Allows flexibility while maintaining shape▪ Location: External ear and epiglottis
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Types of Connective Tissue
▪Bone (Osseous tissue)▪ Structure: Hard calcified matrix; Large numbers of
collagen fibers; Osteocytes in lacunae▪ Function: Protect and support the body; Stores
minerals▪ Location: Bones
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Osteocytes(bone cells)in lacunae
Central canal
Lacunae
(a) Diagram: Bone Photomicrograph: Cross-sectional viewof bone (165×).
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Types of Connective Tissue
▪Blood (vascular tissue)▪ Structure: Cells surrounded by fluid matrix (plasma)▪ Function: Transport gases, nutrients, and waste▪ Location: Contained within blood vessels
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Blood cellsin capillary Plasma (fluid
matrix)
Neutrophil(white bloodcell)
Whiteblood cell
Redblood cells
Red bloodcells
Monocyte(white bloodcell)
(h) Diagram: Blood Photomicrograph: Smear of human blood (1290×)