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Chapter ResourcesChapter

4

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Standardized Test Practice

Chapter Assessment Questions

Chapter Summary

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Object Suspended by a String

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Forces Exerted on the Book

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Ball Tied to a String

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Ball Held in Your Hand

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A Stretched Rubber Band Applying aConstant Force on the Cart

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The Cart’s Motion Shown in a Linear Relationship

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Acceleration of Cart

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Force-Acceleration Graph

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Common Forces

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A Table Being Pushed in Opposite Directions

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Combining Forces

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Types of Forces

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Net Force on the Ball

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A Person Stepping on a Bathroom Scale

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The System in Equilibrium

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Fighting Over a Toy

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The Mass of a Block and a Sphere

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An Elevator Accelerating Upward

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Real and Apparent Weight

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The Drag Force on an Object

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Identifying Interaction Forces

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A Soccer Ball on a Table on Earth

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Earth’s Acceleration

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A Suitcase on a Stationary Airport Luggage Cart

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The Tension in a Rope

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Tension Forces at work in a Tug-of-war

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Lifting a Bucket

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The Normal Force on an Object

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Man on Weighing Scale

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Parts of a Portable Weighing Scale

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Ramon Pushing a Bed Against the Wall

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A Block in Four Different Situations

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The Label of a Product

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Three Blocks Stacked on Top of One Another

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Tug-of-war Between a Boy and a Girl Using a Massless Rope

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Instrument Attached to a Weather Balloon

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Two Blocks Being Pushed Against a Frictionless Force

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Two Blocks Tied Together Using a Massless Rope

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Three Blocks Connected with Massless Strings

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Position-Time Graph of Two Cars in Motion

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Standardized Test Practice (Q. 1)

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Standardized Test Practice (Q. 8)

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TransparenciesChapter

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Transparencies

Chapter

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Forces Exerted on the Book

Video Clips and Animations

Chapter

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The Rubber Band Applying a Constant Force on the Cart


Chapter

4

Free Body Diagrams


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Chapter

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Apparent Weight



Chapter

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Drag Force and Terminal Velocity



Chapter Summary

An object that experiences a push or a pull has a force exerted on it.

Forces have both direction and magnitude.

Forces may be divided into contact and field forces.

In a free-body diagram, always draw the force vectors leading away from the object, even if the force is a push.

The forces acting upon an object can be added using vector addition to find the net force.

Force and Motion

Section

4.1

Chapter Summary

Newton’s second law states that the acceleration of a system equals the net force acting on it, divided by its mass.

Force and Motion

Section

4.1

Newton’s first law states that an object that is at rest will remain at rest, and an object that is moving will continue to move in a straight line with constant speed, if and only if the net force acting on that object is zero.

An object with no net force acting on it is in equilibrium.

Chapter Summary

The weight of an object depends upon the acceleration due to gravity and the mass of the object.

An object’s apparent weight is the force an object experiences as a result of the contact forces acting on it, giving the object an acceleration.

An object with no apparent weight experiences weightlessness.

Using Newton’s Laws

Section

4.2

Chapter Summary

The effect of drag on an object’s motion is determined by the object’s weight and its surface area.

If a falling object reaches a velocity such that the drag force is equal to the object’s weight, it maintains that velocity, called the terminal velocity.

Using Newton’s Laws

Section

4.2

Chapter Summary

All forces result from interactions between objects.

Newton’s third law states that the two forces that make up an interaction pair of forces are equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction and act on different objects.

Interaction Forces

Section

4.3

In an interaction pair, F A on B does not cause F B on A. The two forces either exist together or not.

Chapter Summary

Tension is the specific name for the force exerted by a rope or string.

The normal force is a support force resulting from the contact of two objects. It is always perpendicular to the plane of contact between the two objects.

Interaction Forces

Section

4.3


1. What is the acceleration of the car described by the graph on the right?

Question 1

Chapter

4

A. 0.20 m/s2

B. 0.40 m/s2

C. 1.0 m/s2

D. 2.5 m/s2


2. What distance will the car described by the above graph have traveled after 4.0 s?

Question 2

Chapter

4

A. 13 m

B. 40 m

C. 80 m

D. 90 m

3. If the car in the graph on the right maintains a constant acceleration, what will its velocity be after 10 s?

Question 3

Chapter

4 Standardized Test Practice

A. 10 km/h

B. 25 km/h

C. 90 km/h

D. 120 km/h


4. In a tug-of-war, 13 children, with an average mass of 30 kg each, pull westward on a rope with an average force of 150 N per child. Five parents, with an average mass of 60 kg each, pull eastward on the other end of the rope with an average force of 475 N per adult. Assuming that the whole mass accelerates together as a single entity, what is the acceleration of the system?

Question 4

Chapter

4

A. 0.62 m/s2 E

B. 2.8 m/s2 W

C. 3.4 m/s2 E

D. 6.3 m/s2 W


5. What is the weight of a 225-kg space probe on the Moon? The acceleration of gravity on the Moon is 1.62 m/s2.

Question 5

Chapter

4

A. 139 N

B. 364 N

C. 1.35×103 N

D. 2.21×103 N


6. A 45-kg child sits on a 3.2-kg tire swing. What is the tension in the rope that hangs from a tree branch?

Question 6

Chapter

4

A. 310 N

B. 4.4×102 N

C. 4.5×102 N

D. 4.7×102 N


7. The tree branch mentioned in Question 6 sags and the child’s feet rest on the ground. If the tension in the rope is reduced to 220 N, what is the value of the normal force being exerted on the child’s feet?

Question 7

Chapter

4

A. 2.2×102 N

B. 2.5×102 N

C. 4.3×102 N

D. 6.9×102 N

8. According the graph on the right, what is the force being exerted on the 16-kg cart?

Question 8

Chapter

4 Standardized Test Practice

A. 4 N

B. 8 N

C. 16 N

D. 32 N


Draw a free-body diagram of a dog sitting on a scale in an elevator. Using words and mathematical formulas, describe what happens to the apparent weight of the dog when: the elevator accelerates upward, the elevator travels at a constant speed downward, and the elevator falls freely downward.

Extended Answer

Chapter

4

9


Maximize Your Score

If possible, find out how your standardized test will be scored. In order to do your best, you need to know if there is a penalty for guessing, and if so, what the penalty is. If there is no random-guessing penalty at all, you should always fill in an answer, even if you have not read the question.

Test-Taking TIP

Chapter

4


If a golf ball, a cricket ball and a bowling ball are thrown with a same force, which ball will move with a greater acceleration?

Question 1

Chapter

4

A. Golf ball

B. Cricket ball

C. Bowling ball

D. The three balls will have equal acceleration.

Reason: As , the lesser the mass the greater is the

acceleration. Since golf ball has least mass, it will move

with greater acceleration.


Answer: B

Answer 1

Chapter

4


Jack is boating in a river applying a contact force of 30 N, in a direction opposite to the flow of water, at the same time the water is exerting a force of 30 N on the boat. In which direction will the boat move?

Question 2

Chapter

4

A. The boat will move in the direction of the flow of water.

B. The boat will not move at all.

C. The boat will move back and forth within a particular distance.

D. The boat will move in the direction opposite to the flow of water.


Answer: B

Answer 2

Chapter

4

Reason: Since two equal and opposite forces are acting together, the net force is zero. Hence, the boat will not move at all.


What is inertia?

Question 3

Chapter

4

A. Force.

B. Tendency of a body to stay only at rest.

C. Tendency of a body to move with constant acceleration.

D. Tendency of a body to move with constant velocity.

Reason: Inertial of a body is the tendency of a body to stay at rest and/or to move with constant velocity, remember being at rest is simply a special case of state of constant velocity, v = 0 m/s.


Answer: D

Answer 3

Chapter

4


If the weight of a person on Earth is 120 N, what will his weight be on the Moon? (Gravity on Moon is six times less than the gravity on Earth.)

Question 4

Chapter

4

A.

B.

C.

D.


Answer: A

Answer 4

Chapter

4

Weight of person on Moon = Gravity on Moon × mass of person

So, weight of the person on Moon =

Reason: Gravity on Moon is

Mass of the person is (since mass = weight/g)


What happens when the drag force is equal to the force of gravity?

Question 5

Chapter

4

A. Object comes to rest.

B. Object moves with constant acceleration.

C. Object moves with constant velocity.

D. Velocity of the object increases.


Answer: C

Answer 5

Chapter

4

Reason: When drag force equals the force due to gravity, the net force acting on the object is zero. As a result of which, the object moves with constant velocity, which is called terminal velocity.


If a table-tennis ball, a football and a baseball are dropped in air which ball will have the greater terminal velocity?

Question 6

Chapter

4

A. Table-tennis ball

B. Football

C. Baseball

D. All the balls will reach the terminal velocity at the same time.


Answer: C

Answer 6

Chapter

4

Reason: When light objects with large surface areas are falling, the drag force has a substantial effect on their motion, and they quickly reach terminal velocity. Heavier more compact objects are not affected as much by the drag force.

Baseball being heavier and more compact will have the greater terminal velocity in air.

Forces in One DimensionChapter

4

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