CHAPTER-II GEO VIEW OF THE STUDY AREA -...

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CHAPTER-II

GEO VIEW OF THE STUDY AREA

Physical aspects have been considered as basic factors which gives real

characteristics of the particular region. Therefore, it is need to understand the

physical aspects of the study area to conduct any investigation. Hence, an

attempt is made to deal briefly the formation, location and extent, physical

features, settlement characteristics, demographic characteristics and economics

characteristics. These dimensions have really guiding the researcher to proceed

for understand the reality prevailing in a region and helps for planning for

further development of a region in different aspects.

LOCATION AND EXTENT

The study area is located at the fringe zone of Semi -Malnad and Maidan

of the north-western parts of the Karnataka State .It has extended between 1502`

to 150 42` northern latitude and 74

0 43` to75

0 32` eastern longitude having

Dharwad, Hubli, Kalaghatgi, Kundgol and Navalgund as the talukas of its

junction. There are 367 Revenue Villages and 27 Hamlets, 06 Urban Centers

with 05 Municipalities, 127 Gram Panchayat have been distributed on a

geographical space in a region. The study region has an area of 4263 square

kilometers with population of 1847023. (2011 census) The density of population

is 433 persons per square kilometers (2011 census). The Navalgund taluk (1080

sq. km.) is biggest and Hubli taluka (631sq. km.) is the smallest taluka in terms

of area. It is an educational hub in north Karnataka. Karnatak University, with

Agriculture University and Law University at Dharwad. There are many

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professional institutions particularly Engineering Colleges, Medical College,

Dental College, Ayarvedic College, Homeopathy Collage and many Degree

Colleges are situated in the district. Thousands of students are studying in the

district in different educational institutions with different specialized subject.

GEOLOGY

Geological structure of a region has bearing not only on the physical

setting and geomorphology of a region but also on the distribution of rocks,

minerals and soil. It provides the background for a proper understanding of the

resource base and economy of a region.

The geological structure not only influences relief but also the distribution

of rocks and minerals. The geological formation of Dharwad district is related to

those of peninsular India. The geological formations of the region can be

classified into pre-Cambrian Kaladgi series of Cuddaph age. Pre- Cambrian age,

the Dharwad district represents the oldest rocks and comprises of schists,

phyllites, argillite, felsites, hematite, quartzites and limestones, the schist and

talc schist. Dark grey massive gritty, schists are best developed in valley running

North West from narrow bands of hornblende schist are noticed mainly in the

central and southern portions of the district, they are hard blocks and compact.

27

TOPOGRAPHY AND RELIEF

The relief and drainage pattern could be explained in the context of the

geological past and structure of underlying rocks. The central part of the district

is marked by two parallel bands of ridges of dharwarian rocks. The western

margin of district belongs to Sahyadri mountain system and the rest of the

district is undulating plains. The western margin of the district is marked by the

fractured features of sahyadris in the form of chains of low hills and scrap lands

of isolated hogbacks and narrow meandering valleys. The hill ranges run north

east to south west with bulging sides and a crest line of peaks and saddle. The

western margins of these ridges are eroded heavily and are seen with poor soils

and a thin vegetation cover. The typical examples are Budanagudda between

Dharwad and Kalghatgi.

The Budanagudda rises to a height of about 165 meters from the

surrounding land and the crest line is marked by the two prominent peaks (765

and 737 meters) above the mean sea level. Dummanwad is located on its

northern side with the lake Neersagar and rich endowed with raw granite which

is raw material for construction of buildings. There are many querries are

provided a labour force. There are typical hogback near Unkal and Rayapur in

between Hubli and Dharwad. The plain also called Belavalanadu lying to the

east region of the frontier are made up of undulating terrain. The plain are also

called yerenadu. The region included in this area comprises the eastern portions

of Dharwad, Hubli, Kundgol and Navalgund talukas.

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DRAINAGE

The drainage pattern of the region closely fallows the geological

foundations of the area and physiographic structure. The Bennehalla which is a

tributary of the river Malaprabha is important one among the eats flowing

stream. This tributary originates near Dhundasi village of Shiggaon taluka and

flows for about 192 kilometers, in northernly direction in the talukas of Hubli,

Navalgund. It joins the Malaprabha River near Menasagi. Another Rivulet the

Tuparihalla which joins the Bennehalla to the northwest of Navalgund, first

enters the talukas from the west, then flows in an easternly direction, and turns

south near Algawadi.

The Bedthi, while all the rivers and streams of Dharwad district flows

towards the east and join the Bay of Bengal, Bedthi alone flows towards the

west. The Shalmala, which originates in Someshwara near Dharwad, is a

tributary of the Bedthi. The Bedthi originates in Dharwad taluka itself. The

Shalmala joins the Bedthi in Sangedvarkop near Kalghtagi. This is also called

the Gangavali River in Uttar Kannada. A barrage has been built across Bedthi

near Dummanvad and a tank called Neerasagar had been constructed. The tanks

are usually scooped out hollows such as stone quarries which serve as storage

tanks for the rain water. There are also huge irrigation tanks, they are Doddakere

near Devikoppa of Kalghatgi taluka, irrigated an area of 434 acres,

Honnavvanakere near Mugad of Dharwad taluka 603 acres.

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CLIMATE

The district has an agreeable and healthy climate. It has a tropical climate,

the district is in the northern plains of the State and the weather is hot during

summer and cold during winter while it has a high content of moisture during

rainy season. Rainfall is irregular and indefinite. Recently, it has been observed

that the weather conditions are fluctuating due to the local variations of the

seasons.

RAINFALL

According to the report of the District-At a Glance 2011-12 there are 19

rainguage centers in the district. The western part of the district adjacent to

Sahyadri receives maximum rainfall. As it move towards the east the quantum of

rainfall decreases. The average rainfall of the district is recorded as 734.5

millimeter in the year 2011. The annual rainfall occurs between June to

September. Maximum rainfall occurs in the month of July. Sometimes, heavy

rainfall accompanied thunder occurs during later half of summer and northeast

monsoon months. Northeast Monsoon winds contribute about 22 percent of

rainfall of the district.

TEMPERATURE

After February, there is a steady increase in the temperature. April is

generally the hottest month with the mean daily maximum temperature of 37.30

Celsius and the mean daily minimum temperature of 22.50 Celsius. Nights

during May and June are as warm as in April. During summer the day

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temperature may occasionally rise up to 410 Celsius, on individual days.

Afternoon thunder showers, which occur on some days during summer season,

bring welcome relief from the heat though temporarily. With the onset of the

South-West Monsoon into the district during early June, there is appreciable

drop in the day temperature but nights are still warm as in the later part of the

hot season. December is generally the coldest month with the mean daily

minimum temperature of 16.50 Celsius. The mean daily maximum temperature

during this month is 29.10 Celsius. On individual days, during the period of

December to February the minimum temperature may go down to about 110

Celsius.

SOIL

Soil is closely associated with vegetation, climate, parent rock and slope.

It is essential for geographers to study the soil because all kinds of life forms

entirely depend on the soil.

The soil of Dharwad district may be generally classified into black soil,

red soil, and laterite soils. The great part of Dharwad district is covered by black

soil. Black soil is found in the Maidan areas of Navalgund, eastern portion of

Hubli taluka and Kundgol taluka. The medium black soil is formed by the

Deccan volcanic rock, schist, limestone. The deep black soil is formed by the

Deccan volcanic rock schist limestone etc. Normally, this soil is made of natural

erosion and mostly found in river valleys. These soils are found with brown

mixed black colour, black and brown mixed gery colour, pure black color and

pure brown colour. Deep black soil types can be seen in places like western parts

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of Hubli, eastern parts of Dharwad. Red soil is found some part of Dharwad,

Hubli and Kalghatgi talukas.

Laterite soil is found in hilly areas, where undulated rocks are found with

gneiss rock and in plain (maidan) areas. On the western part of Dharwad district,

this type soil is found. The laterite soil is formed due to excessive rain and

excessive temperature and the main elements are drained due to these factors.

Silica, iron and aluminum oxide have more influence on the soil. These are

found to be yellow mixed red, black mixed red colour. The laterite soil occurs in

the western high rain fall track of the district in Kalghatgi and Dharwad taluks.

NATURAL VEGETATION

The natural vegetation of a region mainly depends upon the physical

factors like relief, climate, soil and human interference. Among these factors,

climate and soil play a very significant role in restricted variety and distribution

of natural vegetation. The district has an area of 35235 hectors. Kalghtagi taluka

is having largest area under forest that is 19526 hectors (28.40 percent). The

forest fall in the category of deciduous, containing a rich growth of teak, except

a small portion in the east, contains scrub growth having sandalwood also.

Dharwad taluka covers an area of 13676 hectors (12.23 percent). The forest area

of the deciduous type contained a good percentage of teak and sandalwood.

Talukas like Kalghatgi and Dharwad accounts for more than the district average

(8.24). Talukas like Hubli, Kundgol and Navalgund cover very low area under

forest. Important forest products of the district are trees like teak, sandalwood,

matti, honne, timber, and firewood are economically important. Apart from this,

the district is covered with mango plantation, large number of various trees,

which are scattered throughout the region. It is noticed that the area is

prosperous in agricultural activities and rest of the area is under forest.

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DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

The most distinctive vision over any landscape is the distribution or

pattern of population. Other significant considerations in this connection are

associated with the morphological, ethnic, physiographical and cultural

characteristics of population group, which are the subject of variation and

change in spatio-temporal frame. These are the prime considerations in any

rational planning and development of a region.

Population characteristic plays a very imperative role in any economic

activity of the region. The table 2.1 is also reveals the fact that the total

population of the Dharwad district is 1847023, out of which 797484 rural

populations, i.e. 43.17 percent among them 409416 male (51.33) percent and

388068 female population (48.66) percent has been registered. The urban

population of the district is 1049539 which is 56.82 percent out of which

527790(50.28) percent male population and the share of female population is

521749(49.71) percent respectively. The table 2.1is also reveals that Hubli-

Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC) occupied half of the population of the

district i.e. 943788 population (51.09) percent which bagged first rank fallowed

by Dharwad taluka 249993 population (13.53) percent. The Navalgund taluk has

the population of, 190208 (10.29) percent. Kundgol taluka is having the total

population of 165568 (8.96) percent, Kalghatgi taluka 154659 (8.73) percent. It

is noticed that Hubli taluka is having less population i.e. 142807 (7.73) of the

district.

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DENSITY OF POPULATION

The distribution and density of population helps to understand the geo-

economics prospects and potentiality of a geographical space. The analysis of

the population distribution and density is fundamental to understanding of the

population geography of an area. Because, the population distribution and

density that largely determined all the other characteristics. The density of

population for Dharwad district is 433 persons per square kilometers, which is

higher than the state average of 319 persons per square kilometer. The table 2.1

shows that, among the five talukas Kundgol taluka is the most density populated

taluka 255 persons per square kilometers the next highest density of 242 persons

per square kilometers observed in Dharwad taluka. Hubli taluka and Kalghatgi

taluka have the same density of population i.e. 226, persons per square

kilometer. The density of population of the Navalgund taluka is least which

account for 176 persons per square kilometer (as per 2011 census).

LITERACY PATTERN

The study of literacy of the area helps to evaluate the educational status

of the people. It also helps to understand their ability to lead their life by

participating the socio-economic activities in particular and rest other activities

in general. The table 2.1 reveals the fact that, the study region has the total

literacy rate of 70.47 percent literacy rate. The Hubli –Dharwad Municipal

Corporation tend to exhibit higher percentage of literacy rate than the district

literacy of 77.04 percent fallowed by Navalgund taluka 65.94 percent, Hubli

taluka has 64.54 percent, Kundgol taluka is 65.45 percent, Dharwad taluka has

62.60 percent and Kalaghatgi taluka represent lowest literacy rate i,e,.59.44

percent.

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TABLE: 2.1

DEMOGRAPIC CHARECTERSTICS (AS PER 2011 CENSUS) Sl No. Name of

the

Talukas

Area

in sq

km

Density Rural Population Urban Population Total Population

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

1 Dharwad 1032 242 119544

(51.35)

113221

(48.64)

232765

(29.18)

8683

(50.40)

121776

(49.59)

17228

(1.64)

128227

(51.29)

121776

(48.70)

249993

(13.53)

2 Hubli 631 226 72980

(51.10)

69827

(48.89)

142807

(17.90)

--- ---

---

72980

(52.10)

69827

(48.89)

142807

(7.73)

3 Kalghatgi 682 226 71205

(51.69)

66537

(48.30)

137742

(17.27)

8528

(50.41)

8389

(49.58)

16917

(1.61)

79733

(51.55)

74926

(48.44)

154659

(8.37)

4 Kundagol 648 255 75383

(51.33)

71459

(48.66)

146842

(18.41)

9423

(50.32)

9303

(49.67)

18726

(1.78)

84806

(51.22)

80762

(48.77)

165568

(8.96)

5 Naualgund 1080 176 70304

(51.19)

67024

(48,80)

137328

(17.22)

26638

(50.37)

26242

(49.62)

52880

(5.03)

96942

(50.96)

93266

(49.03)

19028

(10.29)

6 HDMC 190 4960 0 0 0 474518

(50.27)

469270

(49.72)

943788

(89.92)

474518

(50.27)

469270

(49.72)

943788

(51.09)

District Total 4263 433 409416 388068 797484 527790

937206

909817 1847023 909817 1847023

Source: Compiled from the Census Report, 2011.

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TABLE: 2.2

LANDUSE PATTERN

Source: Compiled from District-At a Glance, 2011-12.

LANDUSE PATTERN

The table 2.2 reveals that 8.24 percent of the total reporting area of the

district is under forest. The magnitude of forest area is high in north western part

due to sahyadri hills and ridges. Talukas like, Kalghatgi accounts for 28.40

percent and Dharwad 12.23 percent which accounts for more than the district

average. Land not available for cultivation in the district is 6.21 percent of the

total area of the district. Hubli taluka occupied 9.1 percent area under land not

available for cultivation fallowed by Dharwad taluka 8.49 percent, and Kalghatgi

taluka 6.83 percent, which exhibit higher than the district average. The land

other than the cultivated land i.e. permanent pasture is 0.83 percent of the total

area of the district. At taluka level, the percentage varies from 0.00 percent

Navalgund taluka to 1.75 percent Dharwad taluka. The proportion of fallow land

to the total reporting area is 9.68 percent. Navalgund taluka accounts for 19.70

fallowed by Hubli taluka13.15 percent that represent more than the district

Sl

No.

Name of

the Taluka

Geograp

hical

Area

Forest

Area

Net Sown

Area

Land not

available

for

cultivation

Permanent

Pasture

Cultivable

Waste

Current

Fallow

1 Dharwad 111788

13676

(12.23)

77294

(69.14)

9497

(8.49)

1959

(1.75)

1531

(1.36)

6443

(5.76)

2 Hubli 73707

2033

(2.75)

50580

(68.62)

6642

(9.01)

607

(0.82)

106

(0.14)

9696

(13.15)

3 Kalghatgi 68757

19526

(28.40)

40043

(58.23)

4702

(6.83)

688

(1.00)

798

(1.16)

2536

(3.68)

4 Kundagol 64859

00

(-)

59482

(91.70)

2307

(3.55)

312

(0.48)

173

(0.26)

1378

(2.12)

5 Navalgund 108218

00

(-)

83417

(77.08)

3409

(3.15)

05

(0.00)

61

(0.05)

21323

(19.70)

District Total 427329 35235

(8.24)

310816

(72.73)

26557

(6.21)

3571

(0.83)

2669

(0.62)

41376

(9.68)

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average. It is important to note that the net sown area of the district is very high

with 72.73 percent. The study region falls under semi-malnad and maidan

region, the climatical circumstances are suitable for agriculture. As a result, the

study region is flourishing in agricultural activities.

Table: 2.3

AGRICULTURE LAND USE

Source: Compiled from District-at a Glance, 2011-12.

Table: 2.4

AGRICULTURE LAND EFFICIENCY Sl

No.

Name of

the Taluka

Total

Cropp

ed

Area

Net

Sown

Area

Area

under

double

cropping

Net Area

under

Irrigation

Deviation

Indies

(DI)

Type

1 Dharwad 0.22 0.24 0.19 0.16 0.20 L

2 Hubli 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.7 0.29 H

3 Kalghatgi 0.10 0.12 0.5 0.5 0.08 L

4 Kundagol 0.20 0.19 0.21 0.0 0.15 L

5 Navalgund 0.30 0.26 0.37 0.69 0.40 H

Source: Compiled from District-at a Glance, 2011-12.

Sl

No.

Name of the

Taluka

Total Cropped

Area

Net Sown

Area

Area under

double cropping

Net Area under

Irrigation

1 Dharwad 115973

(22.64)

77294

(24.86)

38679

(19.22)

11757

(16.25)

2 Hubli 82557

(16.12)

50580

(16.27)

31997

(15.90)

5770

(7.97)

3 Kalghatgi 52754

(10.30)

40043

(12.88)

11711

(5.82)

4234

(5.85)

4 Kundagol 103524

(20.21)

59482

(19.13)

44042

(21.88)

597

(0.82)

5 Navalgund 158223

(30.90)

83417

(26.83)

74806

(37.17)

49965

(69.08)

Total 512031 310816 201215 72323

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AGRICULTURE LAND USE

Agriculture is one of the important occupations of the study region. The

agricultural land of the district is used in different ways such as double cropping,

net sown area, and area under irrigation. It is important to note that, Navalgund

taluka is irrigated by Malaparbha River and highly influenced by the agricultural

activities. As a result, the Navalgund taluka occupied first rank in terms of net

sown area (26.83) percent, area under double cropping (37.17) percent and net

irrigated area (69.08) percent of the district. Dharwad taluka rank second in

terms of net sown area (24.86) percent and area under irrigation fallowed by

Kundgol taluka. Kundgol taluka has second rank in terms of double cropping

area (21.88) percent. Hubli taluka and Kalghatgi talukas having less percentage

of agriculture land use as compared to these three talukas table 2.3.

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TABLE: 2.5 CROPPING PATTERN

Sl

No

Name of

the taluka

Total

cropped

area

Jowor Maize Wheat Paddy Total

Pulses

Ground

nut

Safflo

wer

Other oil

seeds

Cotton Other

cash

crops

1 Dharwad 115973

(22.640

11306

(9.74)

8057

(6.94)

6197

(5.34)

10327

(8.90)

28692

(24.74)

8260

(7.10)

3945

(3.40)

6216

(5.35)

5538

(4.77)

24414

(21.05)

2 Hubli 82557

(16.12)

7357

(8.91)

6749

(8.17)

5787

(7.00)

511

(0.61)

13730

(16.63)

6906

(8.36)

1933

(2.34)

4724

(5.72)

16203

(19.62)

30991

(37.53)

3 Kalghatgi 51754

(10.10)

4566

(8.82)

5379

(10.39)

13

(0.02)

14747

(28.49)

3836

(7.41)

423

(0.81)

84

(0.16)

11224

(21.68)

4149

(8.01)

17032

(32.90)

4 Kundgol 103524

(20.210

9436

(9.11)

1424

(1.37)

10580

(10.21)

239

(0.23)

11629

(11.23)

16308

(15.75)

6156

(5.94)

1100

(1.06)

25392

(24.52)

49603

(47.91)

5 Navalgund 158223

(30.90)

11427

(7.220

2366

(1.49)

20411

(1290)

05

(0.00)

32506

(20.54)

3753

(2.37)

2766

(1.74)

00

(00)

17683

(11.17)

29031

(18.34)

Total 512031 44092 45272 42988 25829 90393 35650 14884 23264 68969 151071


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CROPPING PATTERN

Agriculture land is the major economic resource which has been providing

substance to the people of the district. In the study region, it is observed that large area is

under cereal like, Jowar, Maize, Wheat, Paddy etc. Apart from this, Pulses, Groundnut,

Safflower, other oil seeds, Cotton, other Cash crops are important crops of the study

region. The table reveals the fact that Navalgund taluka occupied first rank in total

cropped area of the district i.e. 30.90 percent, followed by Dharwad taluka 22.64 percent.

The total cropped area of Kundgol taluka is 20.21 percent, Hubli taluka 16.12 percent and

Kalghatgi taluka 10.10 percent respectively. The detail of cropping pattern in each taluka

is shown in the table 2.5.

SETTLEMENT CHARECTERS

Settlements are fundamentally providing shelter to human beings of various sizes

scattered on geographic space. Such are inhabited by a set of occupational forces within

the environmental conditions related to water supply, fertile soil, favorable conditions

and safe locations. The distributional character of settlements refers to their frequency

and spatial organization in a given space.

The table 2.6 reveals that the average population size of the villages for the entire

district is 2143 according to 2011 census. The talukas comes under more than the district

average of the population size of the villages is Hubli, Kudagol and Navlgund. The

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remaining talukas such as Dharwad and Kalghatgi represent the small population of the

villages than the district average.

DENSITY OF THE VILLAGES

The density of the villages is closely related to the size of the administrative unit

and size of the villages. As the village size increases, the density decreases. The district

has an average density of 8.72 villages over 100 square kilometers. Dharwad, Kalghatgi

and Kundagol talukas which exhibits the density of villages more than the district

average. The remaining talukas such as Hubli and Navalgund have the density of the

villages less than the district average.

TABLE: 2.6

SPATIAL ORGANISATION OF SETTLEMENTS Sl

No

Name of the

Taluka

No. of

Villages

Total

Area

(in sq

kms)

Rural

Population

2011

Average

Population

size

Density of

village per

100 sq kms

Spacing of

villages

per km

Urban

Centers

1 Dharwad 110 1121 232765 2116 L 9.81 H 3.54 L 1

2 Hubli 58 733 142807 2462 H 7.91 L 3.94 H 1

3 Kalghatgi 88 682 137742 1565 L 12.90 H 3.09 L 1

4 Kundagol 58 648 146842 2531 H 8.95 H 3.70 L 1

5 Navalgund 58 1080 137328 2367 H 5.37 L 4.78H 2

Total 372 4263 797484 2143 8.72 3.75 06


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SPACING OF VILLAGES

It is important to note that, the spacing of villages depends on density of villages.

Generally, the talukas with lower density of villages would demonstrate higher spacing

distance of villages. The spacing of villages is calculated by the formula (1.11). On the

basis of the result obtained, the choropleth map is prepared (Fig.2.6). The average

spacing between the villages of the district is 3.75 kilometers. The talukas such as

Dharwad, Kalghatgi and Kundagol represent higher density of villages than the district

average but, the spacing of the villages exhibits the less than the district average, while

the talukas like, Hubli and Navalgund stand for higher spacing distance than the district

average.

MARKETING

Marketing is one of the important economic activities where people involve

themselves in selling and buying different commodities. In the study region, there are 50

rural markets are functioning and performing wholesale and retailing activities in an

effective manner. It has been observed that Hubli and Dharwad city markets are major

wholesaling centers and plays a predominant role. The other urban centers like,

Kalghatgi, Kundagol, Navalgund, Annigeri and Alnavar are also perform wholesaling

activity. Apart from these markets, there are many rural weekly markets such as,

Aminabhavi, Garag, Narendra, Tadakod, Uppin Betageri, Unakal, Bommigatti,

Mishrikoti, Gudgeri, Saunshi, etc. Besides these, the district has five main Regulated

47

Markets located in each taluka and eleven Sub-Regulated Markets are functioning with

an annual turnover of rupees 28658 lakhs (2012).

ANIMAL HUSBANDARY

Dharwad district is basically an agriculture district with good soil, water resources

and good infrastructural facilities. The bigger sector of the rural population is mainly

dependent upon the agriculture and animal husbandry for their livelihood. The benefit of

the improved animal husbandry activities like, dairy farming, sheep and goat rearing and

poultry farming played a vital role in all around development of rural economy of the

study region. The Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services is planning

and implementing massive livestock production programmes in the district to increase the

productivity of livestock and poultry there by supplementing gainful income to the rural

population. The district has 219686 cattle’s 99878 buffaloes, 57113 sheeps 72373 goats

and 423119 poultry population. Table. 2.7.

TABLE: 2.7

ANIMAL HUSBANDARY Sl No. Talukas Cattle Buffaloes Sheep Goat Poultry

1 Dharwad 60436 35186 8495 20255 201507

2 Hubli 35454 18047 7110 11852 157207

3 Kalghatgi 48813 14161 469 8037 40664

4 Kundagol 31461 11268 14042 10987 14453

5 Navalgund 43522 21216 26997 21242 9288

District Total 219686 99878 57113 72373 423119


48

INDUSTRIES

Dharwad district being geographically located at the centre of Northern Karnataka

and also being placed in between Mumbai and Bangalore has attracted large number of

entrepreneurs from Poona- Mumbai belt. As a result, numbers of industries are

functioning in the study region such as, readymade garments 147, Textiles 10, Chemicals

19, Engineering 72, Wood 247 and Leather 60 etc are important one. Table 2.8.

TABLE: 2.8

INDUSTRIES

Sl

No.

Talukas Readymade

Garments

Textile Chemical Engineering Wood Leather

1 Dharwad 16 04 04 23 40 07

2 Hubli 42 04 12 48 67 33

3 Kalghatgi 42 01 02 01 47 00

4 Kundagol 23 00 00 00 50 11

5 Navalgund 24 01 01 00 43 09

District Total 147 10 19 72 247 60


TRANSPORT NETWORK

Transport and communication plays an imperative role in not only the growth of

rapid socio-economic development of region but also enhance the comfortable life of the

people in any geographical region improved and effective transportation is indispensable

to economic progress. Transportation is a service by which persons, goods etc. are moved

from different location from producer to consumer. In this regard, the study area is

favorable placed at it has a good network of roads, railways and airways. At present, the

study area connects different types of roads, i.e. National Highway with a length of

49

208.2 kilometers, State Highways 369.03 kilometers followed by Major District roads

448.05 kilometers, Village roads with a length of 2788 kilometers and other roads 131

Kilometer sand are interrelated to each other.

NATIONAL HIGHWAY

There are three National Highways passing through the district with a length of

208.2 kilometers viz., Pune-Banglore National Highway No.4 has been elevated as

Golden Quadratral road Karwar-Bellary National Highway No.63, and Hubli-Bijapur

Nation Highway No.218, connects important cities of the district and also cities of the

other district.

STATE HIGHWAY

There are nine State Highways passing through the study area with a length of

369.03 Kilometers. Dharwad taluka has highest length of 186.31 Kilometers followed by

Kalghatgi taluka 60 Kilometers, Navalgunda taluka has a length of 48 Kilometers,

Kundgol taluka 37.96 kilometers and Hubli taluka has a length 36.78 Kilometers

respectively, connecting important cities of the state and also other states.

The District Roads connect different parts of the study region having a length of

448.05 Kilometers. The village roads are also playing an important role not only

connecting the villages but also interconnected to various National Highways, State

Highways, Major District Roads and other roads. It has a length of 2788 Kilometers. The

50

Forest roads, irrigation/canal roads are also observed in the study area with a length of

131 Kilometers.

RAILWAYS

As per as the Study region, the railway transport system is being practicing for the

last 100 years and good old network. The construction of railway lines has begun in the

district after 1882 and was completed by the early 1887. (Gazetteer1958). Presently, the

entire district is served by 151 Kilometers of Broad-Gauge railway witnessed with phase

manner development with 21 Stations. The railway Junction is located in Hubli,

connected the district to the other capital cities and towns of Karnataka as well as

neighbouring States of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. Hubli is the Divisional Head

Quarter of South Central Railway with Regional Workshop.

TABLE: 2.9

TALUKAWISE LENGTH OF VARIOUS ROADS Sl NO. Nameof the

Talukas

Length of Road in kilometers Total

Road NH SH MRD Village

Road

Other

Road

1 Dharwad 33 186.31 88.15 651 58 1016.46

2 Hubli 91.2 36.78 103.65 526 12 769.63

3 Kalghatgi 33.0 60.00 73.4 554 60 780.04

4 Kundgol 0.7 37.96 74.25 611 01 731.21

5 Navalgund 144 48.00 108.6 446 00 646.06

District Total 208.2 369.03 448.05 2788 131 3944.13

Source: Compiled from the Executive Engineer office PWD Dharwad, 2011.

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