CHAPTER I

Nutrition is an organic substance needed for normal functioning of the organism's body system, growth, health maintenance.

Nutrients obtained from food and liquids that subsequently assimilated by the body

The kinds of nutrition are ;1. carbohydrateCarbohydrate is the major organic substance composed than the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

The primary function of carbohydrates in organisms is residue energy.

Three sets of carbohydrates are monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Carbohydrate metabolism Metabolism involves the synthesis of

carbohydrate metabolism (anabolism) and decomposition (catabolism) of complex organic molecules.

Metabolism is usually composed of the stages involving the enzyme, also known as metabolic pathways.

2. Protein Protein is composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

An example is the milk protein, peanuts, fish, meat, and cheese.

Monomer for protein is an amino acid. Two classes of amino acids are essential

amino acids and non essential amino acids.

Protein Metabolism Includes: • Degradation of protein (food and intracellular proteins) amino acid • Oxidation of amino acids • amino acid biosynthesis • Protein biosynthesis

3. Lipid Lipid are compounds composed of multiple elements C, H and O

Lipid are divided into three 1. Simple lipid: (lipid and oils) 2. lipid mixture (phospholipids and lipoprotein)

3. Original lipid (fatty acids and sterols) Lipid serve as energy saving, solvent vitamins A,

D, E, K, and body protection from low temperatures.

According to the saturation level of lipid is divided into: 1. Saturated lipid2. Unsaturated lipid

4. VITAMINS and MINERALS • The function of vitamins is as a regulator (regulator) • Someone who experience vitamin deficiency called avitaminosis • Minerals important for the formation of hormones, bones, teeth and blood. • Minerals also help the body's regulatory functions, such as growth and metabolism

5. WATER The function of water are :1. Transport nutrients to the tissue 2. Transporting residual metabolism of the tissue outside the body 3. Medium of various chemical reactions in the body  

Balanced nutrition • womb balanced nutrition of fats, carbohydrates, protein, fiber, mineral salts, vitamins and water to follow the appropriate quantity depends on the individual. • Factors that affect the nutritional balance is age, health, and daily activities each individual.

Unbalanced nutrition • Nutrition unbalanced force causing malnutrition, as there is due to lack substance or substances prior. • Intake of unbalanced nutrition for a long period of time may lead to various diseases like high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis.