Chapter 9: The Progressive Era 1890-1920 Section 1: The Origins of Progressivism
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Transcript of Chapter 9: The Progressive Era 1890-1920 Section 1: The Origins of Progressivism
Chapter 9: The Progressive Era 1890-1920
Section 1: The Origins of Progressivism
I. The Origins of Progressivism A. Introduction
1. Progressivism. What is it?•a political movement which sought to improve daily life. •when? 1890-1920
2. The Progressive Movement began in cities because of industrialization. For example,
•urban and rural poverty and blight•child labor•immigration •political corruption•public health•poor working conditions•monopolies
Four Goals of Progressivism
Summery:
Economic ReformGoal:
Moral ReformGoal:
Industrial Reform (fostering
efficiency) Goal:
Social Welfare Reform
Goal:
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
Four Goals of Progressivism
Summery: Middle Class Reformers addressed
problems such as, unsafe working conditions, role
of corporations, and making government more
democratic.
Economic ReformGoal: To question the
uneven balance among big business, government, and
ordinary people under capitalism.
Moral ReformGoal: To uplift immigrants and the poor by improving personal behavior
Industrial Reform (fostering
efficiency) Goal: To improve society
through science/technology
Social Welfare Reform
Goal: To soften some of the harsh conditions of industrialization
Examples: SocialismEugene V. DebsMuckrakersIda M. Tarbell vs. Standard Oil
Examples: YMCASettlement HousesSalvation ArmyFlorence Kelly
Examples: ProhibitionWCTU/Francis WillardAnti-Saloon League
Examples:Brandeis BriefFrederick Winslow TaylorScientific ManagementHenry Ford
B. The Four Goals1. Social Welfare Reform.
• Goal: To soften some of the harsh conditions of industrialization
• How– Settlement Houses: Homes for the
homeless/immigrants/poor– YMCA: libraries and sports for poor– Salvation Army: Soup kitchens
Hull HouseHenry Street Settlement
Florence Kelly
(September 12, 1859 – February 17, 1932)
Fought against sweatshops and for the minimum wage, eight-hour workdays and children's rights.
2. Promoting Moral Improvement.• Goal: To uplift immigrants and the poor by
improving personal behavior• How?
– Prohibition: ban alcohol/ Carry Nation– WCTU: went into saloons and made scene– Kindergartens, visiting sick and prisons
(November 25, 1846 - June 9, 1911)
3. Creating Economic Reform. • Goal: To question the uneven balance among big
business, government, and ordinary people under capitalism.
• How?– Some people looked for a new economic systems.
– Socialism: Eugene V. Debs
» Said business had too much power
– Government can be trusted more than individuals
– Monopolies should be broken apart
(November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926)
• Muckrakers: Journalists who wrote about corporate abuses
» Ida Tarbell: Wrote The History of the Standard Oil Company in 1904.
» Helped lead to the break up of Standard Oil.
(November 5, 1857 – January 6, 1944)
(July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937)
John D. Rockefeller
4. Industrial Reform (Foster Efficiency) • Goal: To improve society through
science/technology• How?
– Shortened hours, better conditions– Scientific Management
» Assembly lines» Not always better for workers
Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin
Modern Times (1936)
Cleaning Up Local
Government
Reforming Local Government
Reform Mayors
Topics: Topics:
Cleaning Up Local
GovernmentSummery: Cities were in trouble.
Poverty and political corruption were very
common.
Reforming Local Government
Reform Mayors
Topics: •Commission Government (Galveston, Texas)•Council-manager Government (Dayton, Ohio)
• People elected city council who in turn selected an Individual to “manage” the city.
Topics: •Hazen Pingree (Detroit)
• Fair taxes• Transportation• End corruption• Help the unemployed
•Tom Johnson (Cleveland)• Socialist• Took over utilities• Circus tent meetings
II. Government Reform
A. City Government
1. Too much corruption
2. Reform Mayor
a. Hazen Pingree: Detroit» Targeted corrupt utility companies, railroads
and construction.» Built schools and parks
Hazen Stuart Pingree (August 30, 1840 – June 18, 1901)
Statue of Pingree in Grand Circus Park, Detroit.
He gained national recognition through his "potato patch plan," a systematic use of vacant city land for gardens which would produce food for the city's poor.
II. Government Reform (cont.)
A. City Government (cont.)
1. Tom Johnson (Cleveland)– Socialist– Fired corrupt officials– Took over utility companies– Circus tent meetings
Reform at the State Level
Summery: Reform railroads, industry
and other large businesses
Protecting Working Children
Efforts to Limit Working Hours
Reforming Elections
Reform Governors
Direct Election of Senators
Reform at the State Level
Summery:
Protecting Working Children
Efforts to Limit Working Hours
Reforming Elections
Reform Governors
Direct Election of Senators
Topics: •Robert M. La Follette (Wisconsin)
• Railroad
Topics: •National Child Labor Committee•Keating-Owen Act, 1916
• Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional
Topics: •17th Amendment
Topics: •Muller v. Oregon, 1908•Bunting v. Oregon, 1917•Injury/death Benefits
Topics: •Secret Ballot•Initiative•Referendum•Recall
B. State Government1. Governor Robert Lafollette (Wisconsin)
• Targeted the RR. Why?
• To protect children– Too many children working
– Earning less pay
– Not going to school
– Victims of accidents
• What would that mean for future?
• Used photography to show horrors
• Led to the Keatings-Owen Act (1916): stopped transportation of goods produced by children across state lines.
(June 14, 1855– June 18, 1925)
C. Election Reforms– Promote Democracy and Citizen Action– Examples
• Initiative• Secrete ballot• Recall• Referendum• 17th Amendment: Direct election of
Senators
Child Labor Today