Chapter 9Chapter 9

Industrialization Continues

Industrialization Continues

After Britain industrializes…After Britain industrializes…

• Germany & the U.S. steal their inventions!

• Other parts of Europe do not industrialize due too:

– Lack of Resources

– Lack of (money) Capital

– Where they’re located (Geography)

– Civil Unrest---Revolutions!!!!!

• Kitty Hawk, N.C. 1903- First in Flight• Kitty Hawk, N.C. 1903- First in Flight

Wilbur & Orville WrightWilbur & Orville Wright

Bessemer ProcessBessemer Process

• Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron prior to the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. The oxidation also raises the temperature of the iron mass and keeps it molten.

• Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron prior to the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. The oxidation also raises the temperature of the iron mass and keeps it molten.

Henry BessemerHenry Bessemer

The Radio- MarconiThe Radio- Marconi

• Marconi succeeded in making a commercial success of radio by innovating and building on the work of previous experimenters and physicists

• inventor and electrical engineer, known for his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission

• Marconi succeeded in making a commercial success of radio by innovating and building on the work of previous experimenters and physicists

• inventor and electrical engineer, known for his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission

Guglielmo MarconiGuglielmo Marconi

Alfred NobelAlfred Nobel

• Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer.

• He was the inventor of dynamite• Dynamite initially used for mining/road

building• Then becomes a weapon• Nobel refuses to accept any profits from his

invention. • Nobel Peace Prize named after him

• Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer.

• He was the inventor of dynamite• Dynamite initially used for mining/road

building• Then becomes a weapon• Nobel refuses to accept any profits from his

invention. • Nobel Peace Prize named after him

Alfred NobelAlfred Nobel

Thomas EdisonThomas Edison

• developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb.

• developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb.

Thomas EdisonThomas Edison

Michael FaradayMichael Faraday

• His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became practical for use in technology.

• First electric motor called the Dynamo

• His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became practical for use in technology.

• First electric motor called the Dynamo

Michael FaradayMichael Faraday

Louis Pasteur-PasteurizationLouis Pasteur-Pasteurization

• discovered that heating beer and wine just enough to kill most of the bacteria that caused spoilage prevented these beverages from turning sour.

• Today the process of pasteurization is used widely in the dairy and food industries for microbial control and preservation of the food we consume .

• discovered that heating beer and wine just enough to kill most of the bacteria that caused spoilage prevented these beverages from turning sour.

• Today the process of pasteurization is used widely in the dairy and food industries for microbial control and preservation of the food we consume .

Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur

Nikolaus OttoNikolaus Otto

• German engineer of the first internal-combustion engine to efficiently burn fuel directly in a piston chamber. Though the concept of four strokes, with the vital compression of the mixture before ignition, had been invented and patented in 1861 by Alphonse Beau de Rochas, Otto was the first to make it practical.

• German engineer of the first internal-combustion engine to efficiently burn fuel directly in a piston chamber. Though the concept of four strokes, with the vital compression of the mixture before ignition, had been invented and patented in 1861 by Alphonse Beau de Rochas, Otto was the first to make it practical.

Nikolaus OttoNikolaus Otto

Karl BenzKarl Benz

• generally regarded as the inventor of the first automobile powered by an internal combustion engine

• generally regarded as the inventor of the first automobile powered by an internal combustion engine

John DaltonJohn Dalton

John Dalton-Atomic TheoryJohn Dalton-Atomic Theory

• English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. He is best known for his pioneering work in the development of modern atomic theory, and his research into color blindness

• Elements are made of extremely small particles called atoms.

• Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties.

• Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.• Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to

form chemical compounds.• In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged.

• English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. He is best known for his pioneering work in the development of modern atomic theory, and his research into color blindness

• Elements are made of extremely small particles called atoms.

• Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties.

• Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.• Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to

form chemical compounds.• In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged.

Robert KochRobert Koch

• The founder of modern bacteriology, he is known for his role in identifying the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax and for giving experimental support for the concept of infectious disease.

• The founder of modern bacteriology, he is known for his role in identifying the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax and for giving experimental support for the concept of infectious disease.

Robert KochRobert Koch

Joseph ListerJoseph Lister

• By applying Louis Pasteur's advances in microbiology, he promoted the idea of sterilizing surgical tools

• Antiseptics and sterilizing surgical equipment

• By applying Louis Pasteur's advances in microbiology, he promoted the idea of sterilizing surgical tools

• Antiseptics and sterilizing surgical equipment

Joseph ListerJoseph Lister

Gregor MendelGregor Mendel

Gregor MendelGregor Mendel

• founder of the modern science of genetics

• crossbreeding of animals and plants could favor certain desirable traits

• Mendel's work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century

• founder of the modern science of genetics

• crossbreeding of animals and plants could favor certain desirable traits

• Mendel's work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century

Florence NightingaleFlorence Nightingale

• English social reformer and statistician, and the founder of modern nursing

• She came to prominence while serving as a manager of nurses trained by her during the Crimean War, where she organized the tending to wounded soldiers.

• English social reformer and statistician, and the founder of modern nursing

• She came to prominence while serving as a manager of nurses trained by her during the Crimean War, where she organized the tending to wounded soldiers.

Florence NightingaleFlorence Nightingale

Charles DarwinCharles Darwin

• English naturalist and geologist best known for his contributions to evolutionary theory.

• Natural Selection• Survival of the Fittest

• English naturalist and geologist best known for his contributions to evolutionary theory.

• Natural Selection• Survival of the Fittest

Charles DarwinCharles Darwin

Changes in Technology & BusinessChanges in Technology & Business

• Introduction of interchangeable parts and assembly lines

– Henry Ford

• Formation of corporations to raise capital

• Emergence of monopolies and cartels

Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie

• American Steel Producer• Gospel of Wealth- The Rich should use

their means to help improve life for other people. Philanthropy

• American Steel Producer• Gospel of Wealth- The Rich should use

their means to help improve life for other people. Philanthropy

John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller

• co-founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust

• Monopoly

• co-founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust

• Monopoly

Advances in EnergyAdvances in Energy

• Old School: coal and steam

• New School: gasoline and electricity

Advances in Public HealthAdvances in Public Health• Plumbing and sewer systems

• Vaccinations

– Typhus

– Diphtheria

– Yellow Fever

• Results: better hygiene and health; lower death rates

Advances in ScienceAdvances in Science

• Periodic Table

• Geology and Archaeology