Chapter 7

RECEPTION OF CARGO

Objectives: After studying the topic in the course book and seminar the students should be able to: recognize and use correctly the words and expressions related to the reception of cargo; translate a text about the reception of cargo giving the correct Romanian equivalents of the words and phrases related to the reception of cargo; construct and act out a dialogue between the First Mate and the Agent about the reception of cargo.

1. Read the text and try to guess the meaning of the new words and phrases from the context

The cargo is taken on board the ship in accordance with the cargo plan. This plan is drawn up beforehand and must be carefully considered by the captain. In planning the stowage of the goods, the captain gives the first consideration to the safety of the ship. That means he must see that the stowage of goods is planned in such a way that the ship will maintain her stability and seaworthiness after the cargo has been loaded. This entails another problem: the ship must be duly trimmed and the extraweights, if any, must be properly lashed or secured so that they will not shift when the ship encounters bad weather.

There are other considerations which should be taken into account, too. First of all, different kinds of cargo should be stowed in such a manner that they would not damage or affect one another by contact or proximity. Then, the cargo is shipped to several ports, each consignment must be arranged so that it might be easily and conveniently discharged in the appropriate port. In other words, it must be readily accessible and not “over-stowed” with other goods.

Thus, after the cargo plan has been approved and due notices of readiness to load have been handed over, the Chief Officer is first of all to get the holds ready. Then he is to look after the loading and stowage of the cargo.

The agent sends him a shipping note or a shipping order with each separate lot of goods. The Second officer arranges a careful tally of goods which are taken aboard. When the Chief Officer ascertains the exact quantity and condition of the goods received, he makes out the mate’s receipts. These are delivered to the shippers, to the stevedoring companies or direct to the agent, as the case may be.

On the basis of these receipts, the agent makes out bills of lading in which he is to insert all the remarks contained in the mate’s receipts.

Then the agent presents the issued bills of lading to the master for signature. The master calls for his second mate, verifies with him the accuracy of all the data, and then signs the bills of lading. As a rule, the second mate retains a copy of each bill for reference.

On no account should the master sign a post-dated or ante-dated bill of lading, for. By so doing, he may get into serious trouble as this may leave an opening for fraud; besides, contracts between shippers and receivers often depend on the date of shipment. A bill of lading should therefore be signed under date of shipment of goods.

A master is sometimes pressed by a shipper to sign a bill of lading, which is known to be false, in return for a letter of indemnity. The master should never accept such a letter, but should insist on qualifying the bills of lading so that they contain statements which are true in substance and in fact.

After loading has been completed, a stowage plan and manifest of cargo are compiled. These are rather important and useful documents. They are usually sent ahead of the ship to the

port of discharge so that preliminary arrangements may be made as to the type of discharging gear required and as to the number of gangs to handle the cargo. After that a proper method of disposal is arranged. A copy of the cargo manifest is also kept on the ship to be presented to the customs house when required.

2. Role play the following dialogues and then make out and perform your own dialogues

2.1. Dialogue 1.

CS = Chief Stevedor ; CM = Chief Mate

CS: Well, we’ve finished with that lot of sugar. What’s your tally?CM: let me see. According to my entries we’ve got on board 912 bags of sugar. All of them stowed on hold no. 3.CS: Then our tallies don’t agree. We had 920 bags in that lot.CM: I’m afraid you’ve included in the total some of the bags that were rejected. Let us check separate drafts then. The first 17 drafts were of 50 bags each. Then in the eighteenth draft 4 bags were badly soiled, 1 bag torn and 2 bags rather wet. All these 7 bags were rejected. Then in the eighteenth draft one bag burst and started leaking, so we sewed it up and returned ashore. And, finally, in the last draft you sent up only 20 bags.CS: Well, I have to investigate that. Maybe you are right and these 9 bags are still under the shed, waiting for their turn. I’ll directly send a man to find that out.CM: By the way, in the fifteenth draft, there were 7 second-hand bags. I’ll have to make an appropriate remark about that in my mate’s receipt.CS: Do you keep those 7 bags together with the rest of the lot, or have you stowed them aside?CM: We have stowed them aside in Hold No 3; you may go and see them for yourself.CS: No. I believe you. I’ll ring up the office to find out whether they want to substitute new ones for them. As to those 8 bags, you were right. I’ve just been told that they still have them under the shed to be substituted by new ones. They will be directly delivered, so, please make out the mate’s receipt for the whole amount of 920 bags. As to your remark about 7 second-hand bags, I’ll arrange that with the owners and let you know the result a little later.

2.2. Dialogue 2.

CM: Chief Mate; CS = Chief Stevedore

CM: I’ve been informed that there are two boxes of nonstandard size in that lot under your Shipping Order No. 27. The numbers and the marks are the same. You’d better go and see them in Hold No.2. We stowed them aside.CS: No, that’s all right with those boxes. They belong to the next lot of bigger sized boxes. With the next draft we’ll send up the two missing boxes and you may close up Shipping Order No. 27. Don’t forget only to tally these two bigger boxes with the lot under Shipping Order No. 28 which will cover a separate bill of lading.CM: Never mind that. As to Shipping Orders Nos.25 and 26, our tallies agree and you may have my mate’s receipts.CS: Well, if you don’t mind, I’ll have them right now.CM: Here you are. Please have them.CS: Thank you.

2.3.Dialogue 3

CM = Chief Mate; A = Agent

CM: 10 casks are short under your shipping Order No.30.A: Yes, I know that. These casks proved to be a little bit leaky and we had to hoop them afresh. I’ve ordered to have them sent up as soon as they are ready, and the chief stevedore will report to you when they are on board.CM: We wanted to take aboard these crates which are ashore, under Shipping Order No.27, but we had to reject them.A: Why, what’s the matter with them?CM: You see, these crates are not strong enough. You should strengthen them with bolts.A: All right, I’ll see to that.What about the consignment of rubber under Shipping Order No.7?CM: Under this shipping order we took on board only 658 bales. Thus, 7 bales were evidently short-shipped. There must be some mistake in that order as our tallies agree with the shore tallymen’s.A: You must have made a mistake in calculating the total.CM: No, not I. I’ve checked the total twice and both times I got the same figure. Besides this total agrees with that of your tallymen.A: I’ll investigate that. Maybe this shortage is covered by the surplus in some other lot.CM: No, I don’t think so. We haven’t got any surplus so far.A: Well, anyhow, please give the mate’s receipt under this shipping order for the amount stated and we’ll give you a letter of guarantee for the missing quantity.CM: I am sorry, Mr Patterson. We can’t do that. We have very strict orders not to receive any letters of guarantee.A: I must say it is quite customary with other shipping companies. You run no risk. But since you have different customs, I don’t insist on that. Please make out your receipt for the amount you have on board, and I’ll settle the discrepancy with the shippers.

2.4. Dialogue 4.

CM = Chief Mate; A = Agent

CM: I am sorry Mr Patterson but the packing of many bales has been tampered with. We can accept this lot only with an appropriate reservation in the bill of lading.A: I’ve warned the shippers to this end beforehand. There is nothing to be done now. Make remarks in your mate’s receipt and I’ll insert a proper reservation in the bill of lading.CM: Very well, Mr.Patterson. I’ll insert in the mate’s receipt “ Packing damaged on bales Nos. so and so’ Now have you brought the B’s/L for yesterday’s lot of spices and other commodities?A: Yes, I have. Here you are. Check them, initial them and let’s go to the master to have them signed.CM: Wait a moment, Mr Patterson. I must first verify the data with my entries. Will you kindly help me with it to do it more quickly.A: Certainly, I will. Let’s begin with B/L No. 3782.CM: What shipping order does it pertain to?A: This B/L covers our two Shipping Orders Nos.27 and 28.CM: Oh, I see, thank you. This B/L is O.K.What’s the next one?A: The next one is B/L No. 31 for 2000 pieces of iron bars.CM: This bill covers Shipping Orders Nos.34 and 37, doesn’t it?

A: Yes, exactly so.CM: Then, I’m afraid you must have missed my remark on the mate’s receipt: “ 3 pieces of iron bars in dispute”.A: No, I didn’t. I put down that remark on the margin.CM: Oh, excuse me, I’ve overlooked it. Well, everything is OK then. Let’s go to the master to have these B’s/L signed.A: OK let’s go.

2.5. Dialogue 5.

M = Master; A = Agent

M: How many copies of the B/L am I to sign Mr Agent?A: For B/L no. 3782 you are to sign four copies; as for the rest three copies will do.M: All right, here you are. Please have all the papers; they are duly and properly signed. When will you issue the rest of the bills of lading?A: What B’s/L do you mean, Captain ?M: Oh, I mean B’s/L for the rails and cotton. We are just completing loading and I think we may put to sea by tomorrow night.A: Oh, that’s what you mean. Well, tomorrow by 3 p.m. I hope I’ll bring you the last B/L and the remaining shipping documents.M: That’s very good indeed. How many copies of the cargo manifest are you going to give us?A: I think three copies will sufficeM: Oh, no they won’t. I would kindly ask you to give us five copies of the manifest and four copies of the stowage plan. You know we had some trouble with these copies last time. The Gibraltar Customs House asked us to present two copies of the cargo manifest and we had to type them ourselves. It took us a lot of time and put us to much inconvenience.A: Oh, I see. Well, don’t bother about that. I’ll do as you ask.

2.6. Dialogue 6

M = Master; CS = Cargo Superintendent

M: Are you the representative of the Oil Company, Sir?CS: I am cargo Superintendent of the Kuwait Oil Co., Ltd. Where do you come from?M: We come from Haipheng.CS: Have you prepared notices of readiness?M: yes, we have. Here they are. We are ready to start loading the cargo from 1.00pm today. Will you sign your acceptance and state in its copy the time when the notice is served?CS: Yes, of course. Now, we have to settle several points with regard to handling the cargo.M: Good. Shall we start with examining the tanks and signing the certificate of inspection?CS: I suppose we may do it right away. Have you already made connections to the submarine hoses?M: No, not yet. We are just picking up floating buoys and hoses from the submarine pipeline. Your mooring master is superintending that job. I’ll call for my second mate to show you the tanks.

2.7. Dialogue 7

M = Master; CS = Cargo Superintendent

CS: I’ve examined all the tanks; they are dry and clean. Here is the certificate of inspection which I’ve already signed. Here are some papers which you are to sign too.M: What papers do you mean?CS: First of all the declaration that your water ballast intended for discharging here is free of oil or other harmful contamination.M: That’s clear. Let me sign it. What else?CS: Here is another declaration that all the fire and safety regulations have been complied with.M: That’s also clear. Anything else?CS: Yes, there are two more papers. One is the declaration to the effect that all the necessary valves are open and that the vessel is in a proper condition to receive cargo. The other one is to the effect that ship’s seacocks are closed except these which are necessary for the normal running of the ship.M: Very well. Here you are. I’ve signed everything. Now, how can we arrange for the signals?CS: The signals are as follows: six short blasts on your whistle when you are ready to load. One long blast when you want to slow down the loading rate. Two short blasts when you what it at full speed, and three long blasts meaning ‘stop”.M; That’s settled. Besides, we’ll station a deck-hand to relay orders by voice to your man at the shore terminal valve.CS: That’s good, Sir. I’ll instruct our man accordingly. Will your deck-hands relay commands in English?M: Yes, they will, but briefly, like: “start”, “slow speed’, “full speed”, “Stand by to slow down” and “stop”CS: That’ll do, Sir.M: When loading is completed send someone to take at once the measurings and the samples.CS: Certainly, Sir, you needn’t worry about that.

3. VOCABULARY Words and phrases

Stability = stabilitateSeaworthiness = navigabilitateProximity = apropiere, proximitateTo arrange = a aranja, a face demersuriTo stow = a stivuiStowage = stivuireShortage = lipsăTo make out = a întocmi, a redactaTo insert = a insera, a introduceTo retain = a reţineReference = trimitere, referirePost-dated = post-datatAnte-dated = ante- datatFraud = fraudă, înşelăciuneA letter of guarantee / a letter of indemnity = scrisoare de garanţieMate’s receipt = ordin de îmbarcare, recipisă a secunduluiShipping order = dispoziţie de încărcareShipping note = aviz de îmbarcare şi expediţie

Size = mărime, gabaritConsignment = partida de marfaConsignee = destinatarMissing = care lipseşte, absentBurst = desfăcut, plesnit (d. saci)Shed = spaţiu de depozitare acoperitEntry = însemnareTo pertain = a se referi la, a fi de resortulTo superintend = a supraveghea, a controlaTo comply with = a se conforma cuTo station = a plasa, a indica postul cuiva.Draft = coţadă de marfăBill of Lading = conosamentShipper = expeditor de mărfuri transportate cu navaCask = butoi de lemnTo hoop = a pune cercuri la butoaie, a cercuiCrate = crată, cutie sau ladă din şipciBolt = bolţ, bulonBale = balotSeacock = robinet, priză de apă de mareSoiled murdar = pătatTo tear, tore, torn = a rupe, a sfîşiaTo sew, sew, sown/sewed = a coaseHose = manică, furtun, tub flexibilNotice of readiness = notificare de navă “ gata de operare (încărcare sau descărcare)Iron bars in dispute = barele de fier contestateThe packing was tampered with = s-a umblat la ambalajPower of attorney = împuternicire, procurăWith regard to = considerînd, avînd în vedereTo take into account = a lua în consideraţie, a ţine contOur tallies don’t agree = pontajul nostru nu corespundeThe casks proved to be leaky = butoaiele prezintă scurgeriTo the effect that = în sensul căTo relay orders = a transmite ordine/dispoziţiiThe notice is served = notisul a fost prezentat

4. Reading Comprehension4.1. Read the text again and answer the following questions:

1. In accordance with what document is the cargo taken aboard the ship?2. Who draws up the cargo plan?3. What should be taken into account when planning the stowage of goods?4. What properties should the vessel retain after loading the cargo?5. On what condition may different kinds of cargo be stowed in one hold?6. How should the cargo be stowed if it is consigned for several ports?7. What document does the agent send to the ship with each separate lot of goods?8. Who is to arrange a tally of goods when they are taken aboard?9. What document does he make out when the goods are taken aboard?10. To whom are the mate’s receipts delivered?11. What document is made out on the basis of these receipts?12. Why does the chief mate/first mate retain a copy of each bill of lading?

13. Why shouldn’t the master sign post-dated or ante-dated bills of lading?14. When are a stowage plan and cargo manifest compiled?

4.2. Read the dialogues again and answer the following questions:4.2.1. Dialogue 1

1. Did the shore ship’s tallies agree?2. How great was the discrepancy between the tallies?3. Did the chief stevedore find the eight missing bags?4. For how many bags did he ask the second mate to make out a receipt?

4.2.2. Dialogue 2

1. What did the chief mate/first mate say about the size of two boxes?2. To what lot did they belong?3. What did the chief stevedore promise to do about the missing boxes?4.2.3. Dialogue 3 1. How many casks were short-shipped under Shipping Order No.30?2. What was wrong with these casks?3. Had the first mate made a mistake in calculating the total number of bales?4. What did he say when the agent offered him a letter of guarantee for the missing quantity?

4.2.4. Dialogue 4

1. What remark was the first mate going to enter in his mate’s receipt?2. What did Mr Patterson say to that?3. What were they to do with the bills of lading Mr Patterson had brought?4. What remark did the first mate overlook in the Bill of Lading?

4.2.5. Dialogue 5

1. When was the agent going to bring the last bills of lading?2. When did the captain expect to put to sea?3. How many copies of the cargo manifest did he want?4. What trouble did he have with those documents on his previous voyage?

4.2.6. Dialogue 6

1. What document was the cargo superintendent to sign his acceptance?2. What did they decide to examine first of all?3. Had connections to submarine hoses been made by that time?4. Who was superintending that job?

4.2.7. Dialogue 7

1. What certificate had the cargo superintendent signed?2. What declaration did he want the master to sign?3. What were the signals arranged between them?4. Who was to relay orders by voice?

5. Grammar.The Passive:general5.1. Form5.1.1. We form passive verbs with the different tenses of be (e,g, is,was,is being,have been) + past participle.

Present simple Am/are/is+past participleThe office is locked every evening.

Present continuous Am/are/is + being + past participleThe house is being painted at the moment.

Past simple Was/were + past participleMy car was stolen last night.

Past continuous Was/were + being + past participleThe bridge was being repaired last week.

Present perfect simple Have/has + been + past participleSarah has been invited to the party.

Past perfect simple Had + been + past participleI thought that you had been told the news

Perfect continuous passives (have/has/had + been being + past participle) are very uncommon.The past participle of regular verbs ends in –ed e.g. locked, painted.Irregular verbs have different past participle forms e.g. steal-stolen, tell-told

5.1.2. Compare these active and passive sentences:Active: Someone locks the office every evening.Passive: The office is locked every evening.Active: Someone has invited Sarah to the party.Passive: Sarah has been invited to the party.Note that the object of an active verb 9e.g. the office, Sarah) becomes the subject of a passive verb.

5.1.3. The rules for choosing tenses in the passive are the same as in the active. For example, to talk about something that is in progress now, we use the present continuous.The house is being painted at the moment.

5.2. Use5.2.1. We often use the passive when we do not know who or what does something.My car was stolen last night. (I do not know who stole the car.)5.2.2. We also use the passive when we are not interested in who or what does something.The factory was painted during the war.Sarah has been invited to the party.In these sentences we are interested in the factory and Sarah, not who painted the factory, or who invited Sarah.5.2.3. We also use the passive when we do not want to say who or what does something.Compare:Active: I made a mistake.

Passive: A mistake was made.

5.3. The passive: infinitive and –ing forms5.3.1. There is a passive infinitive form: be + past participle. We use this form after modal verbs (must, can , will, etc.) and after a number of other structures (e.g. going to, have to, want to and would like to).This door must be kept locked.The job can’t be done.He is going to be interviewed next summer.The new motorway will be opened next summer.I don’t want to be disturbed.5.3.2. There is a passive perfect infinitive form: have been + past participle. We can use the form to talk about the past.The newspaper may have been thrown away last night.We should have been told about the dangers.5.3.3. There is also a passive-ing form: being + past participle.I don’t like being cheated.He remembers being given the book.

5.4. Using get instead of be in the passiveWe sometimes use get (+ past participle) instead of be ( + past participle) to make passive verbs. We do this, for example, when we talk about things that happen by accident or unexpectedly.My flat got burgled when I was on holiday.I was surprised that I didn’t get invited to the party.My parents’ fence got blown down in the storm.We use get mostly in an informal style.

5.5. Verbs with two objects in the passiveSome verbs e.g. give can have two objects.Someone gave Jimmy the money. ( The two objects are Jimmy and the money)In cases like this we can make two different passive sentences.Jimmy was given the money. The money was given to Jimmy.In general, it is more usual for passive sentences to begin with the person.Other verbs which can have two objects include send, offer, show, pay, teach, promise and tell.I was sent a telegram.She will be told the news.

5.6. The passive with by and with5.6.1. By + agentCompare:Active: Marconi invented the radio.Passive: The radio was invented by Marconi.Active: The strong winds blew down a number of trees.Passive: A number of trees were blown down by the strong winds.We sometimes use the subject of an active sentence (e.g. Marconi, the strong winds)as ‘the agent’ in a passive sentence, When this happens, we use by to introduce the agent in the passive.We only use by + agent when it is important to say who or what is responsible for something.5.6.2.With + instrumentWe use with to talk about an instrument which is used by the agent to do something. Compare:I was hit with an umbrella.

I was hit by an old lady.5.6.3. With + materialWe also use with to talk about materials or ingredients.The room was filled with smoke.Irish coffee is made with whiskey.

5.7. It is said that he…/He is said to…etc.5.7.1. When we talk about what other people say, believe, etc we can use two possible passive forms. Compare:Active: People say that Mr Ross is a millionaire.Passive (1) : It + passive + that-clause

It is said that Mr Ross is a millionaire.Passive (2): Subject + passive + to infinitive

Mr Ross is said to be a millionaire.We often use these passive forms in a formal style and with verbs such as:

sayreport

thinkexpect

believeallege

considerclaim

understandacknowledge

know

It is believed that they own a lot of land in the north.They are believed to own a lot of land in the north.It is reported that the president is seriously ill.The president is reported to be seriously ill.It is expected that a new law will be introduced next year.A new law is expected to be introduced next year.

When the belief, etc refers to an earlier action, we use the ‘perfect infinitive’ ( to have + past participle). Compare:

It is believed that the fire started late last night.The fire is believed to have started late last night.

It was thought that two prisoners had escaped.Two prisoners were thought to have escaped.

5.7.2. Be supposed toWe can use supposed to mean ‘said to’.I’d like to read that book.It’s supposed to be very good.(= It is said to be very good)He’s supposed to have been married before. (=He is said to have been married before.)

Supposed to sometimes suggests some doubt about whether something is true or not.Note that we also use supposed to to say what people are expected to do because of an arrangement, a rule, or a duty e.g. I’m supposed to see Maria this afternoon.

5.8. Have something done5.8.1. Form

have+object + past participleI am having a garage built at the moment

How often do you have your hair cut ?

We had our computer servicedSimon has just had a suit madeYou should have your eyes tested

Are you going to have new carpets fitted in your flat?

5.8.2.Use5.8.2.1. We use the structure have something done to talk about something which we arrange for someone else to do for us.I’m having a garage built at the moment.Compare:I’m building a garage at the moment. (I am building the garage myself.)I’m having a garage built at the moment. ( I arranged for someone else to do this for me)

More examples:We had the carpet cleaned by a professional carpet cleaner. We didn’t do it ourselves.I usually have my car serviced at a garage in East Street.

5.8.2.2. We can also use have something done when we do not arrange for someone else to do something for us.I had my leg broken in a football match.We had our fence blown down in a storm last week.

We often use have something done in this way when something unpleasant or unexpected happens to someone.Note that we can often use get something done instead of have something done, especially in an informal style e.g. I must get this jacket cleaned.

6. Grammar Practice1. Complete the sentences.( I) Use the present simple passive of the verbs in the box.

Use play destroy speak export make

Example: Bread is made from wheat.

1. Football…all over the world.2. Millions of cars…from Japan every year.3. A compass…for showing direction.4. How many languages…in Switzerland?5. Millions of trees…by pollution every year.

( ii )Use the past simple passive of the verbs in the box.

Discover invent play assassinate paint build

Example: President John F.Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas in 1963.

1. The 1990 World Cup for soccer…in Italy.2. When---television…?

3. The first pyramids of Egypt…around 3000 BC.4. Penicillin…by Alexander Fleming in 1928.5. The Mona Lisa (La Giocanda)…by Leonardo da Vinci.

( iii ) Use the past continuous or past perfect passive of the verbs in the box.

Not invite clean sell repair interview steal

Example: I couldn’t wear my suit last Saturday. It was being cleaned.

1. When I got back to the car park, my car wasn’t there. It…….2. We couldn’t use the photocopier this morning. It……..3. By the time I arrived at the concert hall, there were no tickets left. They……4. We didn’t go to the party on Saturday because we….5. The man admitted stealing the money while he…by the police.

2. Choose the correct form:active or passive.Example: A valuable painting stole/was stolen from the Central Art Gallery late last night.

The thieves entered/were entered the gallery through a small upstairs window.

1. Walt Disney created/was created the cartoon character Mickey Mouse.2. This problem discussed/was discussed at the last meeting.3. In 1964 Martin Luther King won/was won the Nobel Prize. In 1968 he assassinated/was

assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.4. The president arrived/was arrived in Rome yesterday afternoon. Later he interviewed/was

interviewed on Italian TV.5. Teachers have given/have been given a new pay rise by the government. The news

announced/was announced earlier today.

3. Put these sentences into the passive (leaving out someone, they, we)Example: Someone might steal the car. The car might be stolen.

1. Someone will clean the room.2. They had to cut down that tree.3. Someone should tell Sally what happened.4. They’re going to build a new hospital.5. We can solve the problem.6. Someone has to finish the job.7. They may send the man to prison.8. We must do something now.

4. Complete the sentences using the passive perfect infinitive.Example:Why doesn’t Kate know about the meeting?She should have been told (tell) ages ago.

1.‘Sally is late this evening.’ ‘She might ….(delay) at work2.Why is all this rubbish still here? It ought to…(throw away) yesterday.3.The sweater I wanted to buy isn’t in the shop window any more.It must….(sell).4.It was lucky that you didn’t fall off the ladder. You might…(kill)5.You shouldn’t have left all that money in your hotel room. It could…(steal)

5. Put these sentences into the passive, as in the example.Example: I don’t like people shouting at ma. I don’t like being shouted at.

1.I don’t like people staring at me.2.I can’t stand people telling me what to do.3.I don’t like people interrupting me.4.I dislike people making jokes about me.5.I enjoy people praising me.

6. Billy Palmer was a burglar once. He is speaking about a night some years ago when everything went wrong for him.Complete Palmer’s story using the past simple passive with get.

‘It was terrible. First of all, my jeans got ripped (rip) as I was climbing over the garden wall. Then I…(stick) climbing through the bathroom window, Then I…(bit) by a dog inside the house. The dog made so much noise that everyone in the house woke up and I…(hit) over the head with an umbrella. Then, when I finally got out of the house, there was a police car waiting there. But, to my surprise, I…(not/caught) last night. Although it wouldn’t really have mattered if I had. Two weeks later, I…(arrest) burgling another house and I…(sentence) to three years in prison.

7.Put these sentences into the passive, beginning with the words given.Example: They promised Robert an interview for the job.

Robert was promised an interview for the job.

1. They showed Sarah the photographs.Sarah….2. Normally, they pay me my salary every month. Normally, I….3. I think that they have sent us the wrong ticket. I think that we…..4. I hope that someone will give Sally the message. I hope that Sally……5. They didn’t ask me for my address. I…..6. I thought that someone had told you about the meeting. I thought that you…

8. Complete the sentences using the past simple passive of the verbs in the box and by.

Paint write compose and sing invent discover direct

Example: The Old Man and the Sea was written by Ernest Hamingway.

1. Radium ….Pierre and Marie Cirie.2. The Goldrush…Charlie Chaplin.3. Imagine …..John Lennon.4. The safety razor…King Camp Gillette.5. The Chair…..Vincent van Gogh.

9. Complete the sentences with by or with.Example: My desk was covered with papers.

1. These photos were taken…a very cheap camera.2. These photos were taken…..my sister.

3. The cake was made…dried fruit.4. The cake was made ….my aunt.5. The garage was painted…a new kind of paint.6. The garage was painted…a friend of mine.7. The safe was blown open….the robbers.8. The safe was blown open…dynamite.

10.Read each sentence. Then make two new sentences in the passive., beginning with the words in brackets.Example: People expect that taxes will be reduced soon.(It) (Taxes)

It is expected that taxes will be reduced soon.Taxes are expected to be reduced soon.

1. People say that the monument is over 2000 years old. (It) (The monument)2. People expect that the president will resign. (It) (The president)3. People think the fire started at about 8 0’clock. (It) (the fire)4. Journalists reported that seven people had been injured in the fire. (It) (Seven people)

11.Complete the sentences using the correct form of have something done.Example: I haven’t had my control heating serviced ( my central heating/service) since last autumn.

1. Are you going to…(these shoes/repair) or shall I throw them away?2. My neighbours are…(an extension/build) onto their house at the moment.3. I must….(glasses/mend). They keep falling off.4. Where do you…(your hair/do)? It always looks very nice.5. I…(four new tyres/fit) on my car last month.6. I’ve just…(my suit/dry-clean).

12.Something unpleasant happened to each of these people last week. Make sentences using have something done.

Example: Kate had her wallet stolen (her wallet/steal) from her bag while she was out shopping.

1. Peter…(his flat/burgle) while he was out at work.2. Mr and Mrs Woods…(the roof of their house/damage) in a storm.3. Lynne…(the radio/steal) from her car.4. My brother…(his nose/break) in a football match.

7. Grammar Practice-Answer key

1.(i) 1. Is played; 2. Are exposed; 3. Is used; 4. Are spoken; 5. Are destroyed(ii) 1. Was played; 2. Was, invented; 3. Were built; 4. Was discovered; 5. Was

painted(iii) 1. Had been stolen; 2. Was being repaired; 3. Had been sold; 4. Hadn’t been

invited; 5. Was being interviewed

2.1.created; 2. Was discussed; 3. Won, was assassinated; 4. Arrived, was interviewed; 5. Have been given, was announced.

3.1.The room will be cleaned; 2. The tree had to be cut down; 3. Sally should be told what happened; 4. A new hospital is going to be built; 5. The problem can be solved; 6. The job has to be finished; 7. The man may be sent to prison; 8. Something must be done now.

4.1.have been delayed; 2. Have been thrown away; 3. Have been sold; 4. Have been killed; 5. Have been stolen

5. 1.I don’t like being stared at; 2. I can’t stand being told what to do; 3. I don’t like being interrupted; 4. I dislike being joked about; 5. I enjoyed being praised.

6.1.got stuck; 2. Got bitten; 3. Got hit; 4. Didn’t get caught; 5. Got arrested; 6. Got sentenced.

7.1.Sarah was shown the photographs; 2. Normally, I am paid my salary every month; 3. I think that we have been sent the wrong tickets; 4. I hope that Sally will be given the message; 5. I wasn’t asked for my address; 6. I thought that you had been told about the meeting.

8.1.was discovered by; 2. Was directed by; 3. Was composed and sung by; 4. Was invented by; 5. Was painted by.

9.1. with; 2. by; 3. with; 4. by; 5. with; 6. by; 7. by.; 8. with

10.1.It is said that the monument is over 2000 years old/The monument is said to be over 2000 years old; 2. It is expected that the president will resign/The president is expected to resign; 3. It is thought that the fire started at about 8 o’clock/The fire is thought to have started at about 8 o’clock; 4.It was reported that seven people had been injured in the fire/Seven people were reported to have been injured in the fire.

11.1.have these shoes repaired; 2. Having an extension built; 3. Have my glasses mended 4. Have your hair done; 5. Had new tyres fitted; 6. Had my suit dry-cleaned.

12.1. had his flat burgled; 2. Had the roof of their house damaged; 3. Had the radio stolen; 4. Had his nose broke.