Chapter 6: The world of Islam (600 – 1500)

Section 1: The Rise of Islam

The Arabs Arabian Peninsula Arabs

Sheikh Allah

The Black Stone Kaaba, in the city of Makkah (Mecca).

Section 1: The Rise of Islam

The Life of Muhammad Muhammad

Khadija Revelations from God.

angel Gabriel Quran Islam Muslims Madinah (Medina) Hijrah Bedouin

Hajj

Section 1: The Rise of Islam

The Teachings of Muhammad Islam

Monotheistic Salvation and an afterlife

Muhammad Preacher but not divine

Five Pillars of Islam Belief Prayer Charity Fasting Pilgrimage

Shari’ ah Other principles of behavior

Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors

Creation of an Arab Empire Abu Bakr

Caliph Arab Conquest

Jihad Arab Rule Madinah After Abu Bakr Conquered territories

Muslim administrators were tolerant

Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors

The Umayyads 661 – Mu’awiyah, the governor of Syria became Caliph Calipahate hereditary within his family Established the Umayyad Dynasty – capital from Madinah

to Damascus, Syria Conquests

8th Century North Africa –Berbers 710 – Strait of Gibraltar

Split in Islam The Umayyad Dynasty Revolt in Iraq

Led by Hussein, son of Ali, the Son-in-law of Muhammad The revolt led to split in Islam

Shia Sunni

Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors

The Abbasid Dynasty In 750, Abu al-‘Abbas, descendant of Muhammad’s uncle,

overthrew the Umayyad Dynasty Abbasid Rule

new capital in Bagdad influence from the Persians ideal citizens

Harun al-Rashid al-Ma’mun

Trade routes The bureaucracy of the Caliph

Vizier, advised the Caliph Decline and Division

Problems did exist Rulers within the Empire would break away from the empire

Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors

Seljuk Turks and the Crusades The Fatimids The Seljuk Turks

Nomadic people from central Asia Sultan – “holder of power” The battle of Manzikert in 1071

The Crusades The Byzantine Emperor Alexius I 1169 – Saladin

Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors

The Mongols Nomadic tribe, horse riding and very

destructive 1258 – Hulegu

strong hatred of Islam Mamluks

Eventually the Mongols in the region converted to Islam

Section 3: Islamic Civilization

Prosperity in the Islamic World Trade was a key Morocco Role of the Cities

Great Cities: Bagdad, Iran – Abbasid Dynasty Cairo, Egypt, - Fatimids Dynasty Damascus, Syria – Umayyad Dynasty

Islamic cities were distinctive – Impressive structures were palaces, of the caliphs, and Mosques

Bazaars – covered market   The Importance of Farming

Section 3: Islamic Civilization

Islamic Society Politics, economics, and social life are all

covered in Islamic Teachings Social Structure

All Muslim people are equal in the eyes of Allah Non-Muslims were not equal

Slaves Slaves would serve in the military Slave women were domestic servants Islamic law stated that slaves should be treated fairly and

should eventually be able to gain their freedom

Section 3: Islamic Civilization

The Role of WomenQuran – men and women were spiritual and

social equals WomenFamily and societyAll women had a male guardian (Adult family

member)Men had to pay a dowry Older customs

Section 4: The Culture of Islam

Philosophy, Science and History Arabs – Translated Greek philosophy – Plato and Aristotle

into Arabic Preservation of Knowledge Islamic Advancements

Islamic Scholars Ibn-Rushd Scholars – contributions in mathematics and sciences Numerical system Astronomy

Astrolabe Medicine

Ibn Sina History

Ibn-Khaldun Muqaddimah

Section 4: The Culture of Islam

Literature Omar Kyayyam (KY-YAHM) – wrote Rubaiyat and

The 1001 Nights also called The Arabian Nights – a collection of folktales, fables and romance.

Story of Aladdin and the magic lamp was added later along with other stories

Section 4: The Culture of Islam

Art and Architecture Mix of Arab, Persian, and Turkish Art in their Architecture Mosques

Samarra Mosque Minaret muezzin

Palaces Alhambra

Art