Chapter 4 Lecture One of Two Myths of Creation The Rise of Zeus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.
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Transcript of Chapter 4 Lecture One of Two Myths of Creation The Rise of Zeus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.
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Chapter 4Lecture One of Two
Myths of CreationThe Rise of Zeus
©2012 Pearson Education Inc.
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“Sing all this to me, Muses, you who dwell on Olympus: from the
beginning tell me, which of the gods first came to be.”
Hesiod, Theogony (114–5)
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The cosmogony is the theogony.
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THE CHILDREN OF CHAOS
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©2012 Pearson Education Inc.
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The Children of Chaos
• Hesiod, Theogony 116-125• Chaos < Chasm• Gaea, Tartarus• Mythic geography
– Olympus/Topmost– Earth/Middle– Tartarus/Bottommost
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The Children of Chaos
• Eros– Force of sexual attraction
• Nyx and Erebus– Features of Chaos?
• Nyx– Moerae– Nemesis
• Eerbus – Nyx– Aether (Radiance)– Hemera (day)
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The Children of Chaos
• Is Gaea the mother of all things?– Homeric Myth to Gaea
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THE CHILDREN OF GAEAThe Titans and Their Cousins
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©2012 Pearson Education Inc.
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The Titans and their Cousins
• Many beings from the earth• Most important the
– Titans– Cyclopes– Heacatonchires
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The Titans
• Gaea = > Uranus, Mountains, Pontus• Gaea + Uranus
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The Titans
• Uranos and Gaea in eternal sexual embrace• C.f. Egyptian Nut and Geb
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Figure 4.1 Sky and Earth
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British Museum, London; © The Trustees of the British Museum / Art Resource, New York
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Thereafter Gaea was bedded with Uranus, lord of heaven, and bore deep-swirling (1) Oceanus, (2) Coeus, (3) Crius, (4) Hyperion, (5) Iapetus, (6) Theia and (7) Rhea, (8) Themis, (9) Mnemnosynê, (10) Phoebê, and fair-featured (11) Tethys. Last of all she gave birth to (12) Cronus, that scheming intriguer, cleverest child of her brood, who hated his lecherous father.
Hesiod, Theogony (126–38)
The Titans
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The Titans
• Titans six male, six female• Most Titans hardly more than names• Take no role in subsequent Greek myth
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The Titans
• Oceanus – Tethys• Homer’s alternate cosmology makes them the
primordial parents of all the gods• Ancient geography
– Oceanus rims the world– Sky is a dome over it
• The Oceanids
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The Titans
• Phoebê = “brilliant,” “shinning”• Themis = “settled law”
– Occupied Delphi before Apollo– Zeus + Themis => Mnemosynê
• Iapetus = Jepheth (?)• Cronus + Rhea
– Parents or grandparents of the Olympians
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THE CHILDREN OF GAEACyclops, Hecatonchires
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Cyclops, Hecatonchires
• Also children of Gaea and Uranus• Cyclops
– Not the Cyclops of Homer (Polyphemos)– Blacksmiths for the gods– Brontes (“Thunderer”), Steropes (“flasher”), Arges
(“brightener”)
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Cyclops, Hecatonchires
• Hecatonchires (“hundred-handers”)– Also fifty heads– Cottus, Briareus, Gyes
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HYPERION'S CHILDRENSun, Moon, Dawn
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Sun, Moon, Dawn
• Hyperion (“he who goes above”)• Father of Helius, another sun god• Selenê (moon)• Eos (dawn)• Homeric Hymn to Helius• The Story of Phaëthon in Ovid 1.750-
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Hyperion’s Children: Sun, Moon, Sun
• Clymenê• The hasty promise• Etiology: why the Ethiopians are black• Eridanus (Po) river• Heliades = > poplar trees and golden amber• Phaethon’s fall in art
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Sun, Moon, Dawn
• Selenê and Endymion– Endymion placed in eternal sleep
• Eos– Tithonus– Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite 5
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CRONOS AGAINST URANUS
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Cronus Against Uranus
• Uranus stuffing newly born Titans back into Gaea
• Cronus, the youngest, castrates Uranus with a sickle
• Blood from the severed genitals becomes the Erinyes
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BIRTH OF APHRODITE, MONSTERS AND SEA DEITIES
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©2012 Pearson Education Inc.
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Aphrodite, Monsters, Sea Deities
• Aphrodite springs up from the “foam” at Cythera– Birth of Aphrodite in modern art
• Monsters• Altered Egyptian and Mesopotamian
archetypes:– Harpies, Sirens, Sphinx
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Figure 4.2 Birth of Aphrodite
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Museo Nazionale delle Terme, Rome; author’s photo
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Figure 4.3 The Harpy Tomb
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British Museum, London; © Trustees of the British Museum / Art Resource, New York
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Aphrodite, Monsters, Sea Deities
• Combined human and animal parts– Gorgons, Geryon, Cerberus, Chimera
• Natural animals, but with special powers– Ceto, Graeae, Nemaean Lion, Nereus (the Nereids
– Thetis)
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Figure 4.4 Cerberus
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Musée du Louvre, Paris; Reunion des Musees Nationaux/Art Resource, New York
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Figure 4.5 Chimera
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Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence; University of Wisconsin–Madison Photo Archive
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End
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