Chapter 4 – Elements, Compounds, and...
Transcript of Chapter 4 – Elements, Compounds, and...
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Chapter 4 – Elements,
Compounds, and Mixtures
Section 3 - Mixtures
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Mixtures
Two or more substances combined
physically NOT chemically
No chemical change occurs in a mixture
Mixtures do NOT have a definite ratio
Ways to separate mixtures: distillation, a
centrifuge, a magnet, etc.
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Solutions
Mixture that looks like just one substance
Made of two or more substances that look
like one
Looks the same throughout
Solute – substance that is dissolved
Solvent – what it is dissolved in
Ex: salt water
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Examples of Solutions
Gas in gas → Dry air (oxygen in
nitrogen)
Gas in liquid → Cokes, etc.
(carbonation)
Liquid in liquid → Antifreeze
Solid in liquid → Salt water
Solid in solid → brass
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Particles in Solutions
Are teeny, teeny, tiny
Do not settle out
Cannot be filtered out
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Concentration of Solution
Concentration – amount of solute
dissolved in a solvent
Expressed in grams per milliliter (g/mL)
Concentrated – more solute per solvent
Dilute – less solute per solvent
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Solubility
Ability of a solute to dissolve into a
solvent at a certain temperature
OR how much solid can dissolve into a
liquid
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Dissolving in Liquids
Gases are more soluble in liquids at lower temperatures
Ex: Coke will “get flat” faster at warm temperatures
Solids are more soluble at higher temperatures
Ex: Lemonade dissolves faster at warmer temperatures
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Suspensions
A mixture in which particles are
dispersed through a liquid or gas, but are
large enough to settle out
Ex: a snow globe
Can be separated by
using a filter
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Colloids
A mixture in which particles are
suspended but are not heavy enough to
settle out
Ex: milk, mayonnaise, jello, etc.
Can not be separated through a filter