Chapter 34 Mobility Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practices, 2E Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-2 Overview of Mobility Body Alignment refers to the position of body parts in relation to each other. Body Mechanics Range of motion reflects the extent to which a joint can move. Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-3 Physiology of Mobility The Musculoskeletal System Review Table 34-1 on the musculoskeletal system components Nervous System Proprioception Postural Reflexes Review Table 34-3 on reflexes that maintain postural tonus Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-4 Exercise Types of Exercises Range-of-Motion Exercise Physical Fitness Endurance and Strength Joint Flexibility Cardiorespiratory Fitness Body Composition Fitness in Older Adults Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-5 Factors Affecting Mobility Health Status Developmental Stage Children Adolescents Adults Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-6 Environment Review Nursing Tip on ensuring home safety Attitudes and Beliefs Lifestyle Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-7 Physiological Effects of Mobility and Immobility Neurological Effects Cardiovascular Effects Respiratory Effects Musculoskeletal Effects Digestive Effects Elimination Effects Integumentary Effects Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-8 Assessment Health History Physical Examination Musculoskeletal Assessment Movement and Gait Alignment Endurance Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 34-9 Pathological Alterations Neurological Assessment Functional Assessment Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Nursing Diagnosis NANDA-approved diagnoses Activity Intolerance Impaired Physical Mobility Risk of Disuse Syndrome Self-Care Deficits Altered Health Maintenance Risks for Falls Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Planning and Outcome Identification Bed Rest Restorative Nursing Care Health Promotion and Fitness Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Implementation Meeting Psychosocial Needs Applying Principles of Body Mechanics Review Procedure 34-1 on practicing proper body mechanics Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Maintaining Body Alignment: Positioning Review Procedure 34-2 on positioning a client in bed Review Procedure 34-3 on performing range-of-motion (ROM) exercises Transfer Techniques Moving Clients Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Review Procedure 34-4 on moving a client in bed Review Procedure 34-5 on logrolling a client Transferring from Bed to Chair Review Procedure 34-6 on transferring a client from bed to chair Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Splints Transferring from Bed to Stretcher Review Procedure 34-7 on transferring a client from bed to stretcher with minimum assistance Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Review Procedure 34-8 on transferring a client from bed to stretcher with maximum assistance Assistive Devices Review Procedure 34-9 on using a hydraulic (mechanical) lift Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Assisting with Ambulation Preparing the Client to Walk Review Procedure on assisting a client with ambulation Assistive Devices Review Table on assistive devices for ambulation Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Review Procedure on assisting a client with crutch walking Wellness Promotion Complementary Treatment Modalities Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Evaluation Measures of physical assessment, functional assessment, and performance of ADLs are used for follow-up evaluation of clients status for activity and mobility. Ongoing assessment of clients activity and mobility is important because compliance with home exercise programs may lessen over time after discharge. Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning The nurse should observe the client in the home setting to note the clients ability to function within his or her own environment.