CHAPTER 3.1 MIXTURES Their Uses. Mechanical Mixtures Has more than one type of particle You can...
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Transcript of CHAPTER 3.1 MIXTURES Their Uses. Mechanical Mixtures Has more than one type of particle You can...
CHAPTER 3.1 MIXTURES
Their Uses
Mechanical Mixtures
Has more than one type of particle You can see the different substances in
mechanical mixtures. Ex. Concrete Other examples?
Solutions
When two or more substances combine to form a mixture that is uniform (looks the same throughout)
Appears to contain only one kind of particle.
Examples: Shampoo and syrup. Other examples?
Parts of Solutions
Solute- is the substance that dissolves
Solvent- is the substance in which the solute dissolves.
Solute and solvent combine to form a solution.
There is usually less solute than solvent in a solution.
Iced tea - Crystals (solute or solvent?)- Water (solute or solvent?)
Concentration
Describes the amount of solute in a solution (what is solute again??)
seen on the label of many products Shown in many ways:
g/L most common which means mass of solute in 1L of the solution
Solubility
Describes how easily a solute will dissolve in a solvent to make a solution
Soluble: when a substance will dissolve in a solvent.
Insoluble: when a substance will NOT dissolve in a solvent
Miscible vs. Immiscible
Miscible: is capable of being mixed. Ex. Milk and water.
Immiscible: incapable of being mixed. Ex. Fuel (gasoline) and water are
immiscible Ex. Water and oil
Mixtures and Solutions
Matter is made up of pure substances and mixtures
Pure substances are made up of elements and compounds
Mixtures are made up of mechanical mixtures and solutions.
Matter
Pure Substance
Mixture
element
compound
mechanical
mixture
solution
Organization of Matter Flowchart
Review: To remember solute vs. solvent
Solute- the substance that dissolves Usually less of
Solvent- the substance that does the dissolves Usually more of
Another Hint: “u” in solute comes before “v” in solvent so your going to put solute in the solvent. Solvent dissolves the solute.
Other Trick… use if you want Remembering Solute vs. Solvent:
Solute (6 letters long) Solvent (7 letters long) The solute is shorter/smaller/less of, if there
is less of it, it will dissolve
Purifying Water Water treatment plants
One method; add alum to impure water, bacteria and dirt stick to alum and sink. Therefore easily separated.
Another step uses a charcoal filter to remove dissolved impurities
Lastly adding chlorine, kills any of the bacteria that are still present.
They are now using UV light to kill bacteria
Distillation
Distillation is a way to get clean water. Process in which water is boiled and the steam is collected and it condenses to form pure water.
Solar water distiller
Separating Mixtures
4 Main ways to separate mixtures: Straining (separation by size)
ie. Using filter paper Using a magnet (separates iron parts) Evaporation (sugar and water) Dissolving (sugar and sand)
Practice
Page 44 #’s 1-3