French RevolutionFrench Revolution

Chapter 3Chapter 3

Section 3Section 3

Radical Days of the RevolutionRadical Days of the Revolution

VideoVideo

►►Click on Click on www.khanacademy.orgwww.khanacademy.org

►►In the search box, type in In the search box, type in ““French French

Revolution (Part 3) Revolution (Part 3) –– Reign of TerrorReign of Terror””

►►Watch the videoWatch the video

►►Read the Read the PowerpointPowerpoint

►►Answer the Answer the PowerpointPowerpoint/Video questions/Video questions

Radical PhaseRadical Phase

►► The French Revolution entered a frightening and bloody The French Revolution entered a frightening and bloody

phase in 1793phase in 1793

►► The war with Austria not going well for FranceThe war with Austria not going well for France

►► Some revolutionaries believed the king was supporting Some revolutionaries believed the king was supporting

FranceFrance’’s enemiess enemies

►► Supporters of the monarchy wanted to restore the kingSupporters of the monarchy wanted to restore the king’’s s

power and end this revolutionpower and end this revolution

Radical PhaseRadical Phase

►►August 10, 1792: a violent mob stormed the August 10, 1792: a violent mob stormed the

royal palace and slaughtered guards; royal royal palace and slaughtered guards; royal

family escapedfamily escaped

►►In September of 1792, citizens attacked In September of 1792, citizens attacked

prisons that held nobles and priests accused prisons that held nobles and priests accused

of political offenses (of political offenses (““September MassacreSeptember Massacre””))

►►1200 prisoners (including ordinary criminals) 1200 prisoners (including ordinary criminals)

were executed during the were executed during the September September

MassacreMassacre

New RightsNew Rights

►► RadicalsRadicals took control of the National Assembly and retook control of the National Assembly and re--

named it the named it the National ConventionNational Convention

►► National Convention wanted to extend National Convention wanted to extend SuffrageSuffrage to all to all

male citizens, not just to those who owned propertymale citizens, not just to those who owned property

►► The The ConventionConvention that met in September, 1792 was a more that met in September, 1792 was a more

radicalradical body than earlier assembliesbody than earlier assemblies

►► The new The new Convention Convention voted to voted to abolish the monarchyabolish the monarchy and and

establish a establish a French RepublicFrench Republic (elected representatives)(elected representatives)

►► Louis XVI tried to escape, was captured, returned to Paris, Louis XVI tried to escape, was captured, returned to Paris,

put on trial, and beheaded by guillotine in January, 1793 put on trial, and beheaded by guillotine in January, 1793 ––

a true traitor!a true traitor!

►► Queen Marie Antoinette was also guillotined in October, Queen Marie Antoinette was also guillotined in October,

1793.1793.

Queen Marie Queen Marie AntonietteAntoniette

Execution of King Louis XVIExecution of King Louis XVI

Committee of Public SafetyCommittee of Public Safety

►► The The ConventionConvention (former National Assembly) created the (former National Assembly) created the

Committee of Public Safety (CPS) to deal with alleged Committee of Public Safety (CPS) to deal with alleged

““enemies of the revolutionenemies of the revolution”” (12 members)(12 members)

►► CPS issued CPS issued levee en masselevee en masse, a tax that required all citizens , a tax that required all citizens

to contribute to war effortto contribute to war effort

►► MaxmillienMaxmillien Robespierre (lawyer and politician) was the Robespierre (lawyer and politician) was the

leader of CPSleader of CPS

►► Robespierre was chief architect of the bloody Robespierre was chief architect of the bloody Reign of Reign of

TerrorTerror (Sept. 1993(Sept. 1993--July 1794)July 1794)

MaxmillienMaxmillien RobespierreRobespierre

Reign of TerrorReign of Terror

►► Sham courts conducted hasty trials Sham courts conducted hasty trials

for those suspected of resisting the for those suspected of resisting the

revolutionrevolution’’s goalss goals

►► 17,000 people were beheaded by 17,000 people were beheaded by

the guillotine during Reign of the guillotine during Reign of

TerrorTerror

►► Robespierre himself was eventually Robespierre himself was eventually

arrested and guillotined (July 28, arrested and guillotined (July 28,

1794)1794)

►► The convention, tired of the The convention, tired of the

bloodshed, turned against the CPS bloodshed, turned against the CPS

and executed its radical leadersand executed its radical leaders

GuillotineGuillotine

Third Stage of RevolutionThird Stage of Revolution

(In Reaction to the Terror)(In Reaction to the Terror)

►► Moderate French reformers created a Constitution of 1795 Moderate French reformers created a Constitution of 1795

(third since 1789)(third since 1789)

►► The The Constitution of 1795Constitution of 1795 established a fiveestablished a five--man man

Directory Directory (1795(1795--1799) to rule France with a two1799) to rule France with a two--house house

legislaturelegislature

►► Middle class and professionals dominated this 3Middle class and professionals dominated this 3rdrd stage of stage of

the French Revolutionthe French Revolution

Discontent GrowsDiscontent Grows

►► The Directory faced discontent among the populationThe Directory faced discontent among the population

►► War with Austria and Great Britain continued ; peace was War with Austria and Great Britain continued ; peace was

made with Prussia and Spainmade with Prussia and Spain

►► Rising bread prices caused the Rising bread prices caused the sanssans--culottesculottes to riotto riot

►► Some Some emigresemigres threatened the power of the Directory threatened the power of the Directory

because they favored a return of the former monarchybecause they favored a return of the former monarchy

►► The The emigresemigres who fled previously supported the monarchy who fled previously supported the monarchy

and resented the measures taken against the Catholic and resented the measures taken against the Catholic

Church.Church.

Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte

►► Popular military leader Popular military leader Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte emerged as emerged as

new leader of France amidst the chaosnew leader of France amidst the chaos

17991799

►► 10 year old French Revolution dramatically changed 10 year old French Revolution dramatically changed

FranceFrance——politically, socially, and economicallypolitically, socially, and economically

►► Dislodged the old social order (Dislodged the old social order (AncienAncien Regime destroyed)Regime destroyed)

►► Monarchy overthrown with monarchs executedMonarchy overthrown with monarchs executed

►► Church brought under French state controlChurch brought under French state control

►► New symbols (red liberty caps and tricolor flag) New symbols (red liberty caps and tricolor flag)

represented liberty/equality of all male citizensrepresented liberty/equality of all male citizens

NationalismNationalism

►► Nationalism Nationalism (a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to (a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to

oneone’’s country) spread throughout Frances country) spread throughout France

►► Revolutionaries made social reforms:Revolutionaries made social reforms:

�� set up systems to help the poor, set up systems to help the poor,

�� established state schools to replace religious ones, established state schools to replace religious ones,

�� organized systems to help the poor, old soldiers, and organized systems to help the poor, old soldiers, and

war widowswar widows

�� abolished slavery in Franceabolished slavery in France’’s Caribbean coloniess Caribbean colonies

PowerpointPowerpoint QuestionsQuestions

►► 1.1. What Committee did the Convention create?What Committee did the Convention create?

►► 2.2. Who was in charge of the Committee of Public Who was in charge of the Committee of Public

Safety?Safety?

►► 3.3. The guillotine of many people became a period The guillotine of many people became a period

in France known as the in France known as the _____________._____________.

►► 4.4. According to the video, what was the month of According to the video, what was the month of

July renamed?_________________July renamed?_________________

►► 5. How many persons were executed during this 5. How many persons were executed during this

bloody stage of the French Revolution?bloody stage of the French Revolution?

PowerpointPowerpoint QuestionsQuestions

►►6. What did the Constitution of 1795 6. What did the Constitution of 1795 establish? (2 points)establish? (2 points)

►►7. According to the video, name the artillery 7. According to the video, name the artillery captain in Toulon who displayed military captain in Toulon who displayed military leadership.leadership.

►►8. What was the tax that required all 8. What was the tax that required all citizens to contribute to the war effort?citizens to contribute to the war effort?

►►9. According to the video, what did the 9. According to the video, what did the Jacobins demand in July of 1791?Jacobins demand in July of 1791?

The EndThe End