Chapter 27 · JFK Responds June 1963 speech a“moralissue” calledfornewcivilrightsact August...

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4/9/2015 1 Chapter 27 aggressive leadership nation prosperous AK, HI became states little aid to Civil Rights ended Korean War MilitaryIndustrial Complex funded vets education cheap mortgages for vets Home construction mass production suburban growth GA, FL to CA climate industries interstate highways

Transcript of Chapter 27 · JFK Responds June 1963 speech a“moralissue” calledfornewcivilrightsact August...

Page 1: Chapter 27 · JFK Responds June 1963 speech a“moralissue” calledfornewcivilrightsact August 1963 250,000 blacks and whites support JFK’s bill “I Have a Dream” Evers killed

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Chapter 27

aggressive leadership nation prosperous AK, HI became states little aid to Civil Rights ended Korean War Military‐Industrial Complex

funded vets education cheap mortgages for vets

Home construction mass production suburban growth

GA, FL to CA climate industries interstate highways

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transistor computers – “information age” Grace Hopper

IBM 

passenger airlines 1957 – Boeing “707”  Air Force One

1956 – white‐collar jobs outnumbered blue‐collar jobs

union membership declined after 1954 women in the workforce service & clerical jobs 

stay at home Ozzie and Harriet, Leave it to Beaver

Feminine Mystique – Betty Friedan

Revivals – “Godless communism” Billy Graham –TV evangelist “under God”, “In God we Trust”

Credit Cards – Diner’s Club (1950) Fast Food – McDonalds – 1954 Disneyland – 1955 Sports – national influence NY teams to CA 

Marilyn Monroe ‐ Playboy

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1960 – 90% of homes advertising significant cultural impact

I Love Lucy Gunsmoke, Bonanza  Mickey Mouse Club, Howdy Doody

“beatniks” artists/writers spontaneity and spirituality nonconformists illegal drugs Jack Kerouac –On the Road

1946‐1965 1957 – 4.3 million Dr. Benjamin Spock  Baby and Child Care ‐ 1946 

Improved Health Care polio vaccine – Dr. Jonas Salk (1954)

oral polio vaccine – Dr. Albert Sabin

penicillin ‐ 1955

1950s – decade of conformity youth had money

Advertising Silly Putty

Hula Hoops

Pepsi

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The Wild One Rebel without a Cause – James Dean

Rock and Roll music Cleveland DJ Alan Freed

“race” records

Elvis Pressly

WW II – braceros settled in cities of SW, Chicago, Detroit Puerto Ricans  “Spanish Harlem” – NY

180,000 to U.S. – Fidel Castro 

1953 –Termination Policy ended Fed. status of Indian Tribes came under states’ jurisdiction

many tribes eventually had Fed. recognition restored

less farm work mechanization

migrated to cities for work

Michael Harrington – The Other America blacks – looking for jobs more hostility than other groups civil rights concerns

Urban Renewal

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1947 – Nat. Civil Rights Commission 1948 – desegregate military

1947 – Jackie Robinson

20% registered voters lynchings common 1955 ‐ Emmitt Till – 14 yrs. old 

NAACP successes 1944 – “white primary” unconstitutional

1950 – separate professional schools no equal

social issues Brown v. Board of Education –May 1954 Thurgood Marshall

1955 – with “all deliberate speed”

much resistance

Little Rock, AR Sept. 1957 Little Rock Nine Gov. Orval Faubus – said NO! Eisenhower sent troops

1955‐56 Rosa Parks – Dec. 1955 blacks boycotted bus system (381 days) MLK, Jr. – 27 yr. old preacher nonviolence!

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Civil Rights Act of 1957 Civil Rights Commission 

SCLC  Southern Christian Leadership Conference

SNCC Student Non‐Violent Coordinating Committee

Sit‐in Movement – Feb. 1, 1960 Greensboro, NC –Woolworth’s

spread through the South 

needed support of southern Congressmen

pushing civil rights issues might lose support

1960 test S. Court desegregation ruling Anniston, AL – bus burned Montgomery, AL – RFK representative beaten

Univ. of Mississippi 1962 – James Meredith aided  by Medgar Evers

JFK sent federal marshals

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King – “most segregated city” Spring 1963 “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

Protests turned violent Eugene “Bull” Connor fire hoses, police dogs

JFK Responds June 1963 speech a “moral issue”

called for new civil rights act 

August 1963 250,000 blacks and whites support JFK’s bill “I Have a Dream”

Evers killed in June 1963 Sept. 1963 16th St. Baptist Church bombing

4 girls died

Mississippi – 5% registered restrictions 

24th Amendment – no poll tax Freedom Summer – 1964 voter registration drive in MS

3 workers disappeared

found weeks later

21 arrested; none convicted

Edgar Ray Killen – convicted in 2005

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March 1965 protest voting rights “Bloody Sunday”

images on TV; nation horrified

outlawed restrictions fed. workers could register voters

Summer 1965 – 1 week protests against police brutality 31 blacks dead 3 whites dead over 1000 injured

Nation of Islam supported separation 

Mecca separated from Nation                                          of Islam

killed in NYC Feb. 1965

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Black Panthers carried weapons

SNCC – supported violence StokelyCarmichael – “black power” 

separatism; cultural identity more riots

Memphis, TN April 4, 1968 James Earl Ray

Civil Rights movement slowly died

increased voting blacks elected to office school desegregation (gradual) economic improvement

many problems still existed