Chapter 25.1

The Beginnings of Industrialization

1. Why does the Industrial Revolution begin in England?

• The Agricultural Revolution paves the way?– Wealthy landowners bought up the land forcing small farmers to

become tenant farmers or to give up farming and move to the city

• England had good natural resources such as (4)– Water power and coal to fuel the new machines – Iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings– Rivers for inland transportation– Harbors from which merchant ships set sail

• Expanding economy so business people invested in new inventions

• Developed banking system• Positive attitude (seriously this is a reason)

2. How do inventions spur changes in the textile industry?

• Cloth merchants boosted their profits by speeding up the process by which spinners and weavers made cloth. What were the inventions that sped this process up?– Flying shuttle

• Boat shaped piece attached to yarn doubled the work that could be done in a day

– Spinning Jenny• Allowed on spinner to work eight threads at once

– Water Frame• Waterpower drove the spinning wheels

2. How do inventions spur changes in the textile industry?

– Power Loom• Sped up weaving

– Cotton Gin• Took the seeds out of cotton• Cotton Production in America

– 1790 = 1.5 Million Pounds– 1810 = 85 Million Pounds

3. How do improvements in transportation help the Industrial

Revolution?• Watts Steam Engine

– Make the steam engine work faster and more efficiently while burning less fuel

• Water Transportation– Steam could also power boats, an engine from Watts

was used by Robert Fulton

• Roads Transportation– Roads improved– John McAdam created roads that would not give way

to water or heavy wagons