Chapter 25 Sexually Transmitted Infections & HIV/AIDS.

Chapter 25Chapter 25

Sexually Transmitted Sexually Transmitted Infections & HIV/AIDSInfections & HIV/AIDS

The Risk of STI’sThe Risk of STI’s

• Sexually transmitted disease (STD) Sexually transmitted disease (STD) or Sexually transmitted infections or Sexually transmitted infections – are infectious diseases spread – are infectious diseases spread from person to person through from person to person through __________ contact__________ contact

STDs: The Hidden STDs: The Hidden EpidemicEpidemic

• ________________________________ – occurrences of – occurrences of disease in which many people in the disease in which many people in the same place at the same time are same place at the same time are affectedaffected

• Many people are Many people are ____________________________________ meaning they are without symptomsmeaning they are without symptoms

• Even though STDs are diagnosed Even though STDs are diagnosed they are not always reportedthey are not always reported

High Risk BehaviorsHigh Risk Behaviors

• Being sexually active with more Being sexually active with more than 1 personthan 1 person

• Engaging in unprotected sexEngaging in unprotected sex• Selecting high-risk partnersSelecting high-risk partners• Using alcohol and other drugsUsing alcohol and other drugs

Consequences of STDsConsequences of STDs

• Some STDs are _____________ – Some STDs are _____________ – Some symptoms can be treated Some symptoms can be treated but the virus can still remain in the but the virus can still remain in the bodybody

• Some STDs cause ____________ – Some STDs cause ____________ – hepatitis B virus can cause cancer hepatitis B virus can cause cancer of the liver. HPV can cause cancer of the liver. HPV can cause cancer of the cervixof the cervix

Consequences of STDsConsequences of STDs

• Some STDs can cause Some STDs can cause complications that affect the ability complications that affect the ability to reproduce – females can to reproduce – females can develop _________ which can develop _________ which can damage the reproductive organsdamage the reproductive organs

• Some STDs can be passed from an Some STDs can be passed from an infected female to her child before, infected female to her child before, during or after birthduring or after birth

Preventing an STD Preventing an STD through abstinencethrough abstinence

• ______________________________________ – the deliberate – the deliberate decision to avoid harmful decision to avoid harmful behaviors, including sexual activity behaviors, including sexual activity before marriage and the use of before marriage and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugstobacco, alcohol, and other drugs

Common STIsCommon STIs

Lesson 2Lesson 2

Human PapillomavirusHuman Papillomavirus

• ________________-__Or_________________________-__Or_________– is a – is a virus that can cause genital warts or virus that can cause genital warts or asymptomatic infectionasymptomatic infection

• A _______ test and other medical A _______ test and other medical examinations may detect changes examinations may detect changes associated with HPVassociated with HPV

• Most cases appear to be temporary and Most cases appear to be temporary and are probably cleared by the immune are probably cleared by the immune systemsystem

Genital WartsGenital Warts

• These are pink or reddish warts These are pink or reddish warts with cauliflower like tops that with cauliflower like tops that appear on the genitals, the vagina, appear on the genitals, the vagina, or the cervix one to three months or the cervix one to three months after infection from HPVafter infection from HPV

• Diagnosis is determined by a Diagnosis is determined by a _______ worker by examination of _______ worker by examination of the wartsthe warts

Genital WartsGenital Warts

• Examination & treatment is Examination & treatment is essential, because once you have essential, because once you have acquired the virus you have it for acquired the virus you have it for __________________

ChlamydiaChlamydia

• ChlamydiaChlamydia – is a bacterial infection – is a bacterial infection that affects the reproductive that affects the reproductive organs of both males and femalesorgans of both males and females

• It is ______________ & often goes It is ______________ & often goes undetectedundetected

• It is diagnosed by laboratory It is diagnosed by laboratory examinations of secretionsexaminations of secretions

• It can be treated with ____________It can be treated with ____________

Genital HerpesGenital Herpes

• Genital HerpesGenital Herpes is an STD caused by is an STD caused by the herpes simplex virus. There are the herpes simplex virus. There are 2 types2 types

• Herpes Simplex ___Herpes Simplex ___ usually causes usually causes cold sorescold sores

• Herpes Simplex _____Herpes Simplex _____ usually causes usually causes genital soresgenital sores

• ________ types can infect the mouth ________ types can infect the mouth and the genitalsand the genitals

Genital HerpesGenital Herpes

• Genital Herpes is another one of Genital Herpes is another one of the viruses that once you have the viruses that once you have contracted it, you have it for life!contracted it, you have it for life!

• The ____________ can spread even The ____________ can spread even when no signs or symptoms are when no signs or symptoms are presentpresent

• Medication can help prevent Medication can help prevent outbreaks and help control herpes outbreaks and help control herpes but there is no curebut there is no cure

GonorrheaGonorrhea

• GonorrheaGonorrhea is a bacterial STD that is a bacterial STD that usually affects mucous membranesusually affects mucous membranes

• ____% of all females show no ____% of all females show no symptoms of gonorrheasymptoms of gonorrhea

• It can be treated with __________It can be treated with __________• It is diagnosed by examining the It is diagnosed by examining the

discharge from males and femalesdischarge from males and females

TrichomoniasisTrichomoniasis

• TrichomoniasisTrichomoniasis is an STD caused is an STD caused by a microscopic ________________ by a microscopic ________________ that results in infections of the that results in infections of the vagina, urethra, and bladdervagina, urethra, and bladder

• The disease could lead to ________ The disease could lead to ________ in women and inflammation of the in women and inflammation of the vagina characterized by a vagina characterized by a dischargedischarge

SyphilisSyphilis

• SyphilisSyphilis is an STD that attacks is an STD that attacks many parts of the body and is many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called caused by a small bacterium called a ___________a ___________

• The disease spreads throughout The disease spreads throughout the blood stream and if left the blood stream and if left untreated will lead to damage of untreated will lead to damage of the liver and other organsthe liver and other organs

No SymptomsNo Symptoms

• The following STDs can be present The following STDs can be present without any symptoms without any symptoms (asymptomatic)(asymptomatic)

• Chlamydia, ______________, Genital Chlamydia, ______________, Genital Herpes, Trichomoniasis, & some Herpes, Trichomoniasis, & some _______ Viruses_______ Viruses

HIV / AIDSHIV / AIDS

Lesson 3Lesson 3

AIDS / HIVAIDS / HIV

• ____________________ – Acquired Immune – Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeDeficiency Syndrome

• ____________________ – Human – Human Immunodeficiency VirusImmunodeficiency Virus

How HIV Attacks CellsHow HIV Attacks Cells

• 1. HIV attaches to cell surface1. HIV attaches to cell surface• 2. Virus core enters cell and goes to 2. Virus core enters cell and goes to

nucleusnucleus• 3. Virus makes a copy of its genetic 3. Virus makes a copy of its genetic

materialmaterial• 4. New virus assembles at cell surface4. New virus assembles at cell surface• 5. New virus breaks away from host 5. New virus breaks away from host

cellcell

HIV & the human bodyHIV & the human body

• As the virus enters your body and As the virus enters your body and takes over cells, it reproduces and takes over cells, it reproduces and looks to decrease the number of T looks to decrease the number of T cells. Therefore making the immune cells. Therefore making the immune system more susceptible to diseasesystem more susceptible to disease

• ________________ Infections________________ Infections are are infections that occur in individuals infections that occur in individuals who do not have healthy immune who do not have healthy immune systemssystems

How HIV is transmittedHow HIV is transmitted

• HIV can only be transmitted 1 of HIV can only be transmitted 1 of ___ ways___ ways

• Through BloodThrough Blood• ______________________• Vaginal SecretionVaginal Secretion• ____________________________

How is HIV transmittedHow is HIV transmitted

• HIV enters cells of the ___________ HIV enters cells of the ___________ system, where it makes more system, where it makes more viruses that break away and attack viruses that break away and attack other cellsother cells

HIV RumorsHIV Rumors

• You ______ get HIV from the You ______ get HIV from the followingfollowing

• ________________________________• Toilet SeatsToilet Seats• ________________________________• HuggingHugging• ____________ Bites____________ Bites

Treatment for HIV & Treatment for HIV & AIDSAIDS

Lesson 4Lesson 4

Stages of HIV infectionStages of HIV infection

• Stage 1 – Stage 1 – ________________ stage________________ stage a a period of time during which a person period of time during which a person infected with HIV has no symptomsinfected with HIV has no symptoms

• During this stage a person may show During this stage a person may show no signs for 6 months to 10 yearsno signs for 6 months to 10 years

• However, the virus continues to grow However, the virus continues to grow & the infected person can still & the infected person can still transmit the virustransmit the virus


• Stage 2 – Stage 2 – ________________ Stage________________ Stage the stage in which a person the stage in which a person infected with HIV has symptoms as infected with HIV has symptoms as a result of a severe drop in a result of a severe drop in immune cellsimmune cells

• Such symptoms may include Such symptoms may include swollen glands, weight loss, and swollen glands, weight loss, and yeast infectionsyeast infections


• Final Stage – __________, during the Final Stage – __________, during the ladder stage of HIV infection, more ladder stage of HIV infection, more serious symptoms appear until the serious symptoms appear until the infection meets the official infection meets the official definition of AIDSdefinition of AIDS

Detecting HIVDetecting HIV

• There are basically _____ tests There are basically _____ tests used in detecting HIVused in detecting HIV

• ______________________________________________ test is a test is a test that screens for the presence test that screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the bloodof HIV antibodies in the blood


• The _________ test can give inaccurate The _________ test can give inaccurate results 2 reasons includeresults 2 reasons include

• 1. Developing antibodies takes time – 1. Developing antibodies takes time – perhaps the virus has not yet been perhaps the virus has not yet been completely developed in the body. completely developed in the body. Remember it could take many weeks Remember it could take many weeks

• (3-4 weeks) to get an accurate reading(3-4 weeks) to get an accurate reading


• 2. Certain health conditions – such 2. Certain health conditions – such as hemophilia, hepatitis, and as hemophilia, hepatitis, and pregnancy can cause false pregnancy can cause false readingsreadings


• If the EIA test is positive then they If the EIA test is positive then they will perform it a second time just will perform it a second time just to be sure that the results are to be sure that the results are accurate.accurate.

• If this is the case then they move If this is the case then they move onto another test called the onto another test called the _______________ Test_______________ Test


• _____________________is the most _____________________is the most common confirmation test for HIV common confirmation test for HIV in the United Statesin the United States

• If this test comes back positive If this test comes back positive that means that all 3 tests have that means that all 3 tests have came back positive and then the came back positive and then the person is determined to have HIV person is determined to have HIV or HIV-Positiveor HIV-Positive

Chapter 25 Sexually Transmitted Infections & HIV/AIDS.

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Transcript of Chapter 25 Sexually Transmitted Infections & HIV/AIDS.