Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

What is Progressivism?

What was the Progressive movement?• Social/political movement of early 1900s

that attempted to use activism as well as gov’t power to cure social problems

Why was this so groundbreaking?• Before about 1900, people didn’t think

of gov’t as a reform tool• Just supposed to ensure security, protect

freedoms, advance national interests, etc.

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

What did the Progressive movement attempt to do?• Fix the problems of the late 1800’s (Gilded Age)• May of these issues stemmed from the rapid industrialization,

immigration, urbanization, expansion, etc. of that era.• Issues from the “Age of Reform” during the 1840’sWhat topics concerned Progressives?• Labor reform• Immigration reform• Voting reform• Business regulation• Environmental protection• Consumer protection• Moral standards• Alcohol/drug regulation• Health regulations• Women’s suffrage

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists • Journalists

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists • Journalists• Academics

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists • Journalists• Academics• Politicians

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists • Journalists• Academics• Politicians

–NOT a separate party (initially)

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists • Journalists• Academics• Politicians

–NOT a separate party (initially)–Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain

ideals

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists • Journalists• Academics• Politicians

–NOT a separate party (initially)–Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain

ideals–So, not a “party line” issue

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists • Journalists• Academics• Politicians

–NOT a separate party (initially)–Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain

ideals–So, not a “party line” issue

Where did it start?

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists • Journalists• Academics• Politicians

–NOT a separate party (initially)–Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain

ideals–So, not a “party line” issue

Where did it start?• “Grassroots” movement

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists • Journalists• Academics• Politicians

–NOT a separate party (initially)–Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain

ideals–So, not a “party line” issue

Where did it start?• “Grassroots” movement• The Progressives got the people interested/outraged…

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists • Journalists• Academics• Politicians

–NOT a separate party (initially)–Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain

ideals–So, not a “party line” issue

Where did it start?• “Grassroots” movement• The Progressives got the people interested/outraged…• then local politicians…

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists • Journalists• Academics• Politicians

–NOT a separate party (initially)–Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain

ideals–So, not a “party line” issue

Where did it start?• “Grassroots” movement• The Progressives got the people interested/outraged…• then local politicians…• then state…

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists • Journalists• Academics• Politicians

–NOT a separate party (initially)–Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain

ideals–So, not a “party line” issue

Where did it start?• “Grassroots” movement• The Progressives got the people interested/outraged…• then local politicians…• then state…• then federal government

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists • Journalists• Academics• Politicians

–NOT a separate party (initially)–Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain

ideals–So, not a “party line” issue

Where did it start?• “Grassroots” movement• The Progressives got the people interested/outraged…• then local politicians…• then state…• then federal governmentWhat event really got the movement going?

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists • Journalists• Academics• Politicians

–NOT a separate party (initially)–Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain

ideals–So, not a “party line” issue

Where did it start?• “Grassroots” movement• The Progressives got the people interested/outraged…• then local politicians…• then state…• then federal governmentWhat event really got the movement going?• Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911)

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Who made up the Progressives?• Educated, middle class• Activists • Journalists• Academics• Politicians

–NOT a separate party (initially)–Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain

ideals–So, not a “party line” issue

Where did it start?• “Grassroots” movement• The Progressives got the people interested/outraged…• then local politicians…• then state…• then federal governmentWhat event really got the movement going?• Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911)• Convinced people of need to reform labor laws

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers• Reaction to Social Darwinism • Thorstein Veblen

• The Theory of the Leisure Class• William James

• Pragmatism• Herbert Croly

• The Promise of American Life• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the

masses• Jane Addams

• Twenty Years at Hull House • John Dewey

• Public education as instrument of reform

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers• Reaction to Social Darwinism

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers• Reaction to Social Darwinism • Thorstein Veblen

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers• Reaction to Social Darwinism • Thorstein Veblen

• The Theory of the Leisure Class

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers• Reaction to Social Darwinism • Thorstein Veblen

• The Theory of the Leisure Class• William James

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers• Reaction to Social Darwinism • Thorstein Veblen

• The Theory of the Leisure Class• William James

• Pragmatism

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers• Reaction to Social Darwinism • Thorstein Veblen

• The Theory of the Leisure Class• William James

• Pragmatism• Herbert Croly

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers• Reaction to Social Darwinism • Thorstein Veblen

• The Theory of the Leisure Class• William James

• Pragmatism• Herbert Croly

• The Promise of American Life

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers• Reaction to Social Darwinism • Thorstein Veblen

• The Theory of the Leisure Class• William James

• Pragmatism• Herbert Croly

• The Promise of American Life• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the

masses

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers• Reaction to Social Darwinism • Thorstein Veblen

• The Theory of the Leisure Class• William James

• Pragmatism• Herbert Croly

• The Promise of American Life• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the

masses• Jane Addams

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers• Reaction to Social Darwinism • Thorstein Veblen

• The Theory of the Leisure Class• William James

• Pragmatism• Herbert Croly

• The Promise of American Life• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the

masses• Jane Addams

• Twenty Years at Hull House

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers• Reaction to Social Darwinism • Thorstein Veblen

• The Theory of the Leisure Class• William James

• Pragmatism• Herbert Croly

• The Promise of American Life• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the

masses• Jane Addams

• Twenty Years at Hull House • John Dewey

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers• Reaction to Social Darwinism • Thorstein Veblen

• The Theory of the Leisure Class• William James

• Pragmatism• Herbert Croly

• The Promise of American Life• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the

masses• Jane Addams

• Twenty Years at Hull House • John Dewey

• Public education as instrument of reform • Pushed for social education; democratic ideals in school

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers• Reaction to Social Darwinism • Thorstein Veblen

• The Theory of the Leisure Class• William James

• Pragmatism• Herbert Croly

• The Promise of American Life• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the

masses• Jane Addams

• Twenty Years at Hull House • John Dewey

• Public education as instrument of reform • Pushed for social education; democratic ideals in school

• Oliver Wendell Holmes

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers• Reaction to Social Darwinism • Thorstein Veblen

• The Theory of the Leisure Class• William James

• Pragmatism• Herbert Croly

• The Promise of American Life• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the

masses• Jane Addams

• Twenty Years at Hull House • John Dewey

• Public education as instrument of reform • Pushed for social education; democratic ideals in school

• Oliver Wendell Holmes• Society changes – laws must change

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfiction

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poorIda Tarbell

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poorIda Tarbell History of Standard Oil : shady business practices

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poorIda Tarbell History of Standard Oil : shady business practicesDavid Graham Phillips

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poorIda Tarbell History of Standard Oil : shady business practicesDavid Graham Phillips Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big business

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poorIda Tarbell History of Standard Oil : shady business practicesDavid Graham Phillips Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big businessAlso

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poorIda Tarbell History of Standard Oil : shady business practicesDavid Graham Phillips Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big businessAlso • Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poorIda Tarbell History of Standard Oil : shady business practicesDavid Graham Phillips Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big businessAlso • Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)• McClure’s & Collier’s magazine

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poorIda Tarbell History of Standard Oil : shady business practicesDavid Graham Phillips Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big businessAlso • Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)• McClure’s & Collier’s magazineNovelists

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poorIda Tarbell History of Standard Oil : shady business practicesDavid Graham Phillips Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big businessAlso • Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)• McClure’s & Collier’s magazineNovelists Upton Sinclair

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poorIda Tarbell History of Standard Oil : shady business practicesDavid Graham Phillips Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big businessAlso • Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)• McClure’s & Collier’s magazineNovelists Upton SinclairThe Jungle: meatpacking industry

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poorIda Tarbell History of Standard Oil : shady business practicesDavid Graham Phillips Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big businessAlso • Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)• McClure’s & Collier’s magazineNovelists Upton SinclairThe Jungle: meatpacking industryFrank Norris

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poorIda Tarbell History of Standard Oil : shady business practicesDavid Graham Phillips Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big businessAlso • Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)• McClure’s & Collier’s magazineNovelists Upton SinclairThe Jungle: meatpacking industryFrank NorrisThe Octopus and McTeague

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poorIda Tarbell History of Standard Oil : shady business practicesDavid Graham Phillips Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big businessAlso • Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)• McClure’s & Collier’s magazineNovelists Upton SinclairThe Jungle: meatpacking industryFrank NorrisThe Octopus and McTeague Theodore Dreiser

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poorIda Tarbell History of Standard Oil : shady business practicesDavid Graham Phillips Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big businessAlso • Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)• McClure’s & Collier’s magazineNovelists Upton SinclairThe Jungle: meatpacking industryFrank NorrisThe Octopus and McTeague Theodore DreiserThe Financier

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers • Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secretsNonfictionLincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poorIda Tarbell History of Standard Oil : shady business practicesDavid Graham Phillips Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big businessAlso • Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)• McClure’s & Collier’s magazineNovelists Upton SinclairThe Jungle: meatpacking industryFrank NorrisThe Octopus and McTeague Theodore DreiserThe Financier The little guy will never

win

“The function of the novelist... is to comment upon life as he sees it.”

“The People have a right to the Truth as they have a right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Activists• Jane Addams: urban poor• Florence Kelly: workers’ rights• Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul: women’s rights/suffrage•Margaret Sanger: women’s rights & birth control• John Dewey: education• Eugene Debs: unions, etc.Politicians• Robert La Follette: Wisconsin governor & senator•William U’Ren: Oregon Rep.• Louis Brandeis: Supreme Court (anti-Monopoly)• TR: Square Deal •Woodrow Wilson: New Freedom

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Political ReformsPurpose: make voting more democratic

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Political ReformsPurpose: make voting more democraticThree major reforms:

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Political ReformsPurpose: make voting more democraticThree major reforms:1.Initiative: voters push for a vote on needed topic

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Political ReformsPurpose: make voting more democraticThree major reforms:1.Initiative: voters push for a vote on needed topic2.Referendum: people vote directly instead of

representatives

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Political ReformsPurpose: make voting more democraticThree major reforms:1.Initiative: voters push for a vote on needed topic2.Referendum: people vote directly instead of

representatives3.Recall: vote on bad politicians before term is up

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Political ReformsPurpose: make voting more democraticThree major reforms:1.Initiative: voters push for a vote on needed topic2.Referendum: people vote directly instead of

representatives3.Recall: vote on bad politicians before term is up

Two amendments:

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Political ReformsPurpose: make voting more democraticThree major reforms:1.Initiative: voters push for a vote on needed topic2.Referendum: people vote directly instead of

representatives3.Recall: vote on bad politicians before term is up

Two amendments:• 17th Amendment: people vote directly for Senators

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Political ReformsPurpose: make voting more democraticThree major reforms:1.Initiative: voters push for a vote on needed topic2.Referendum: people vote directly instead of

representatives3.Recall: vote on bad politicians before term is up

Two amendments:• 17th Amendment: people vote directly for Senators• 19th Amendment: women’s suffrage

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Political ReformsPurpose: make voting more democraticThree major reforms:1.Initiative: voters push for a vote on needed topic2.Referendum: people vote directly instead of

representatives3.Recall: vote on bad politicians before term is up

Two amendments:• 17th Amendment: people vote directly for Senators• 19th Amendment: women’s suffrage

Effects: •Machine system erodes•More people can vote

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Business Reforms• Trustbusting (TR & Taft)• TR didn’t favor business like previous presidents• Mediated UMW strike, RR strike, etc. with gains for

workers• Standard Oil & Northern Securities Co. broken up

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Business Reforms• Trustbusting (TR & Taft)• TR didn’t favor business like previous presidents• Mediated UMW strike, RR strike, etc. with gains for

workers• Standard Oil & Northern Securities Co. broken up

LawsHepburn Act (1906)Allowed ICC to set maximum RR rates, etc.Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)Closed loopholes used by big business under Sherman

ActFederal Trade Commission (1914)Watch over big business

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Business Reforms• Trustbusting (TR & Taft)• TR didn’t favor business like previous presidents• Mediated UMW strike, RR strike, etc. with gains for

workers• Standard Oil & Northern Securities Co. broken up

LawsHepburn Act (1906)Allowed ICC to set maximum RR rates, etc.Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)Closed loopholes used by big business under Sherman

ActFederal Trade Commission (1914)Watch over big business

Effects: worker wages rise, unions empowered

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Workers’ Rights

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Workers’ RightsKeating Owen Act• Bans products made w/ child labor from interstate

commerce• National Child labor committee as watchdog (regulates

hrs, etc)

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Workers’ RightsKeating Owen Act• Bans products made w/ child labor from interstate

commerce• National Child labor committee as watchdog (regulates

hrs, etc)Adamson Act• 8 hr workday for RR workers

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Workers’ RightsKeating Owen Act• Bans products made w/ child labor from interstate

commerce• National Child labor committee as watchdog (regulates

hrs, etc)Adamson Act• 8 hr workday for RR workersMuller v. Oregon• Sets maximum hrs for female laundry workers

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Cities & Living Conditions

• Parks created in urban areas• Amusement parks• Urban planning• Better garbage collection, street

cleaning• Better sewage systems

Effects: disease & infant mortality decline

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Moral ControlTemperance• Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) & Anti-Saloon League•Webb-Kenyon Act (1913)• Volstead Act (1919)• Prohibition: 18th Amendment

Anti-prostitution• Mann Act (White Slave Act)(1910)

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Health & Medicine• Meat Inspection Act–The Jungle

• Pure Food & Drug Act• Narcotics Act • Only prescribed by doctors• Cocaine removed from Coca Cola, etc.

• Immunizations for school age kids

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

The Environment• National Reclamation Act – funds dams &

irrigation• TR sets aside 200 million acres for parks, etc.• Boy/Girl Scouts, Sierra Club• TR’s advisors - John Muir & Gifford Pinchot• Antiquities Act – protects archaeological sites

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Immigration

• Progressive wanted to preserve “white” values• Limited immigration – blamed immigrants for poor morals, urban decay•Chinese Exclusion Act & literacy tests for immigrants• Eugenics

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Banking & Finance• Politicians split over tariffs; divided Republican

party

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Banking & Finance• Politicians split over tariffs; divided Republican

party• 16th Amendment: Congress allowed to impose

national income tax

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Banking & Finance• Politicians split over tariffs; divided Republican

party• 16th Amendment: Congress allowed to impose

national income tax• Federal Reserve created (1913)

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Banking & Finance• Politicians split over tariffs; divided Republican

party• 16th Amendment: Congress allowed to impose

national income tax• Federal Reserve created (1913)–More or less to replace Bank of the Untied

States

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Banking & Finance• Politicians split over tariffs; divided Republican

party• 16th Amendment: Congress allowed to impose

national income tax• Federal Reserve created (1913)–More or less to replace Bank of the Untied

States• Federal Farm Loan Act

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Banking & Finance• Politicians split over tariffs; divided Republican

party• 16th Amendment: Congress allowed to impose

national income tax• Federal Reserve created (1913)–More or less to replace Bank of the Untied

States• Federal Farm Loan Act–Easier for farmers to get low-interest loans

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Banking & Finance• Politicians split over tariffs; divided Republican

party• 16th Amendment: Congress allowed to impose

national income tax• Federal Reserve created (1913)–More or less to replace Bank of the Untied

States• Federal Farm Loan Act–Easier for farmers to get low-interest loans–Addresses concerns of Federal Reserve

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Failures of ProgressivismCivil rights

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Failures of ProgressivismCivil rights • Federal fed gov’t did little about racism in South and elsewhere• Plessy v Ferguson (separate but equal)• Allows for “Jim Crow” laws in South (legal segregation)

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Failures of ProgressivismCivil rights • Federal fed gov’t did little about racism in South and elsewhere• Plessy v Ferguson (separate but equal)• Allows for “Jim Crow” laws in South (legal segregation)

• Lynching was up in South•No law passed• Ida Wells-Barnett

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Failures of ProgressivismCivil rights

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Failures of ProgressivismCivil rights • Split in black social thought: WEB DuBois vs.

Booker T. Washington

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Failures of ProgressivismCivil rights • Split in black social thought: WEB DuBois vs. Booker T. Washington–DuBois • Immediate civil rights• Liberal arts education•Use courts to get rights•Niagara Movement•NAACP

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Failures of ProgressivismCivil rights • Split in black social thought: WEB DuBois vs. Booker T.

Washington– DuBois

• Immediate civil rights• Liberal arts education• Use courts to get rights• Niagara Movement• NAACP

–Washington: •Gradual civil rights• Vocational education• Tuskegee Institute• Atlanta Compromise Doctrine

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Failures of ProgressivismCivil rights • Split in black social thought: WEB DuBois vs.

Booker T. Washington–DuBois: immediate civil rights, liberal arts

ed.• Niagara Movement, NAACP – use courts to

get rights–Washington: gradual civil rights, vocational

ed.• Tuskegee Institute & Atlanta Compromise

Doctrine

• End of Progressive Era – WWI

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

1900 Election

•William McKinley (Republican)•William Jennings Bryant (Democrat)•McKinley reelected• Teddy Roosevelt named VP

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Roosevelt as President• Replaces McKinley after he is assassinated

(Sept. 1901)• Increases power of executive branch (“bully

pulpit”

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Roosevelt as President• Replaces McKinley after he is assassinated

(Sept. 1901)• Increases power of executive branch (“bully

pulpit”1908 Election• TR hand picks Taft as his successor, goes to

Africa • William Jennings Bryant (Democrat)

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

Roosevelt as President• Replaces McKinley after he is assassinated

(Sept. 1901)• Increases power of executive branch (“bully

pulpit”1908 Election• TR hand picks Taft as his successor, goes to

Africa • William Jennings Bryant (Democrat)Taft as President• Legislative branch gains power under Speaker

Joseph Cannon• Seen as Taft undoing much TR’s work

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917

1912 Election• William Taft: Republican• Teddy Roosevelt: Progressive Party (Bull Moose

party)• Woodrow Wilson (Democrat)• Taft & TR split the vote, Wilson gets elected