Chapter 21. Section 1 Absolutism Philip II Northern Dutch United Provinces of the Netherlands...
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Transcript of Chapter 21. Section 1 Absolutism Philip II Northern Dutch United Provinces of the Netherlands...
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ABSOLUTE MONARCHS IN EUROPE1500-1800
Chapter 21
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SPAIN’S EMPIRE AND EUROPEAN ABSOLUTISM
Section 1
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Absolutism
Philip II
Northern Dutch
United Provinces of the Netherlands
Monarchs
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Absolutism
A political theory holding that all power should be vested in one ruler or other authority.
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Philip II
Accomplishments defended Roman Catholicism helped stimulate the arts
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Northern Dutch
Gained their freedom from Spain United Provinces of the Netherlands
Established a republic
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United Provinces of the Netherlands Differed from neighboring states
elected governors power depended on landowners and
merchants
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Absolutism
Monarchs Believed in Divine Right
God created the monarchy Monarch acted as God’s representative on
Earth Answers only to God; not subjects
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THE REIGN OF LOUIS XIVSection2
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French Civil Wars
Henry of Navarre
Edict of Nantes
Cardinal Richelieu
Louis XIV
Cardinal Mazarin
Jean Baptiste Colbert
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Versailles
Spanish Empire
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French Civil Wars
1562-1598 Main cause
Religious differences
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How did religious and political turmoil in France encourage absolutism? Skepticism?
Absolutism Skepticism
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Henry of Navarre
Protestant prince Catholic King First king of the Bourbon dynasty
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Edict of Nantes
Issued in hopes of bringing an end to violent religious conflicts in France
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Cardinal Richelieu
Minister to Louis XIII Increased the power of the Bourbon
monarchy Moved against the Huguenots Weakened the power of the nobles
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Louis XIV
Known as the Sun King France’s most powerful ruler Boasted, “I am the state”
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Cardinal Mazarin
Minister to Louis XIV Policies drove nobles to rebel against
king
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Jean Baptiste Colbert
Minister of Finance under Louis XIV Mercantilism policies
Caused France’s economy to grow and prosper
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Versailles
Palace built for Louis XIV Political purpose
Showed the power of Louis XIV Was the envy of other monarchs
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Spanish Empire
Weakened Experienced a period of severe inflation
and heavy taxes
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CENTRAL EUROPEAN MONARCHS CLASH
Section 3
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Peace of Augsburg
Thirty Years War
Peace of Westphalia
Maria Theresa
Prussia
Fredrick the Great
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Peace of Augsburg
German rulers agreement to settle religious differences
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Thirty Years War
A war in Europe between 1618 and 1648
Developed into a struggle for dominance between various powers, notably France, Spain, Sweden, and the Holy Roman Empire
Began as a war between the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor and some of his Protestant German states.
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Peace of Westphalia
Ended the Thirty Years War
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Austria
Maria Theresa Inherited the Austrian thrown
Only after Charles VI had European power sign an agreement declaring they would recognize the heir
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Prussia
Austria’s greatest enemy under Maria Theresa
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Fredrick the Great
King of Prussia Believed a ruler should be a father to
his people
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Maria Theresa
War of Austrian Succession fought over the possession of lands that
belonged to Maria Theresa
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ABSOLUTE RULERS OF RUSSIA
Section 4
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Ivan the Terrible
St. Petersburg
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Ivan the Terrible
First Russian ruler to adopt the title of czar
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Ivan the Terrible
Why he was called terrible: Organized a police force that murdered
people he considered traitors
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Ivan the Terrible
Boyers Landowning nobles Suffered the greatest loss of power
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Peter the Great
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Peter the Great
Serfs Essential part of the Russian economy
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Peter the Great
Liked visiting the west Wanted to learn about Western customs
and technology
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Peter the Great
Westernized Russia Raised the status of women Made nobles wear western fashion
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St. Petersburg
Built by Peter the Great Why?
Wanted a city on a seaport Near water routes to Europe Made it easier to travel west
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PARLIAMENT LIMITS THE ENGLISH MONARCHY
Section 5
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Constitutional Monarchy
James I
Charles I
Puritans
Oliver Cromwell
Restoration
James II
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William of Orange
Absolute Monarchy
English Bill of Rights
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Constitutional Monarchy
1600s England’s system of government
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Monarch Conflicts with Parliment
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James I
King of Scotland Inherited Elizabeth I’s throne and her
conflicts with Parliament
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Charles I
King of England Lost the English Civil War Tried and put to death
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Puritans
Won the English civil war How?
Cromwell Defeated the Royalists
Puritans held the king prisoner
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Oliver Cromwell
Puritan leader Ruled England after the end of the
English Civil War Abolished the monarchy
Ruled as a military dictator
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Restoration
“Restored” the monarchy, as an institution, to power in England
Began when Charles II took the throne
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James II
Catholic King Replaced by William and Mary
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William of Orange
King of England Came to power as a result of the
Glorious Revolution
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What were some of the most important political changes that resulted from the Glorious Revolution?
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Absolute Monarchy
Parliament’s financial power was an obstacle
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English Bill of Rights
Significance Made clear limits of royal power