Chapter 2.1 (pages 46-51). Key concepts: Explain why and how organisms are classified. List the...
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Transcript of Chapter 2.1 (pages 46-51). Key concepts: Explain why and how organisms are classified. List the...
Key concepts:
• Explain why and how organisms are classified.• List the eight levels of classification.• Explain scientific names.• Describe how dichotomous keys help in
identifying organisms.
Classification:
• Classification is putting things into orderly groups based on similar characteristics.
• How do biologists classify things on our planet? – What are the defining characteristics
of each species? – When did the characteristics of a
species change? – What are the relationships between
different species?
Where have we discussed classification before?
When do you classify things in your life?
Activity Time:
• Find a partner sitting in front of you.• Classify our class.– Do this for 2 minutes– Share with one other group. Are you the same?
• How else could you classify the class going from least specific to very specific?– Make five levels
Timeline of classification:• Before 1600’s:– Plants and animals– Why didn’t this work?
• 1700’s-Linnaeus: Swedish scientist whose system was based on the structure or characteristics of organisms. – Founded modern taxonomy (taks AH
nuh mee). – Taxonomy is the science of describing,
classifying, and naming organisms.
Taxonomy:
• Taxonomists use an eight-level system to classify living things based on:– shared characteristics. These are
used to also describe how closely related living things are.
• Biggest to smallest:D, K, P, C, O, F, G, S
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species
What are properties?
Taxonomy:• Scientists use shared characteristics to
group organisms into eight levels of classification. – There are fewer organisms than in the
level above (becomes more specific)– A domain is the largest, most general
level of classification. • one of three domains.
– Species is the smallest level of classification.• A species is a group of organisms that can
mate and produce fertile offspring. For example, dogs are all one species.
Three domains:-eukaryote-prokaryote-Archeabacteria
Only 1 species for every type of organism (most specific)
Taxonomy:• Naming:
– Common names: • Cat, dog, and human• cougar, mountain lion, and puma are three names
for the same animal
– Scientific names: • Scientific names are the same in all languages. An
organism has only one scientific name. • Why is this important?
– Scientific names are based on the system created by Linnaeus. He gave each kind of organism a two-part name. • the first part of the name is the genus, and the
second part is the species. • Asian elephant is Elephas maximus.
•Homo sapiens
•Both words in a scientific name are underlined or italicized
•All genus names begin with a capital letter.
•All species names begin with a lowercase letter.
Activity Time:
• Classify the following songs. • How else could you classify this going from
least specific to very specific?– Make five levels
Review:
• In classification, organisms are grouped according to the characteristics the organisms share. Classification lets scientists answer important questions about the relationships between organisms.
• The eight levels of classification are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
• An organism has one two-part scientific name.