Chapter 2, lesson 2 How Organisms are Classified.
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Transcript of Chapter 2, lesson 2 How Organisms are Classified.
Living things
• Living things are more like other living things than they are like non-living things.– Ex. A tree is more like a cat than a car
• They can also be very different from each other.– Ex. Cat and shark and plant
Living things
• Scientists divide the world of living things into five groups = kingdoms– Plant
– Animal
– Protist
– Fungi
– Monera
Living things
• Classified (grouped) based on how they are alike
• The study of living things = biology
• Science of classifying organisms based on the features they share = taxonomy.
Plants
• Plants make their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, and minerals.– Photosynthesis
Plants
• All plants have many cells.– Cells organized into tissues and organs.– Many plants have organs =
• Roots• Stem• Leaves
Animals
• Animals can’t make their own food.– They get their food by eating plants or other
animals that eat plants.
Animals
• Most animals move around from place to place (at least one point in their life).– They move to get food, find shelter, escape
danger, find a mate, during reproduction.
Animals
• All animals have many cells.– Cells form tissues in all animals (except
sponges)– In most animals, tissues form organs.
• Heart, lungs, stomach, brain
The Protist Kingdom
• When biologists used a microscope, they discovered tiny organisms.– Microorganisms – organisms that can only be
seen with a microscope.– These organisms didn’t fit into the plant or
animal kingdom.
Protist
• Most have only one cell, a few have many cells.
• Divided into the plant-like protists, animal-like protists, and both animal and plant-like protists.
Plant-like Protists
• Plant like protists – algae– Make their own food (like plants)– Can’t move from place to place (like plants)– Live in lakes, streams, rivers, ponds, and
oceans.
Plant like Protists
• Algae are the food for the organisms that live in the waters of the world.– Green film on top of ponds = algae– Larger algae = seaweed
• Al.so produce sugars (food) that other organisms use (photosynthesis)
Animal-like Protists
• Animal-like protists – protozoans– Get food – absorb food from other sources.– Moves from place to place.
• Methods of movement
– Cilia
– Flagella
– pseudopod
Methods of Movement
• Flagellum (flagella): whip like structure, a tail that moves back and forth---movement
Protists
• Protists live in water, soil, and bodies of animals.– Ex. Paramecium, amoebas, giardia
• Most are harmless– some cause disease – giardia.
Plant and animal like protists
• Make their own food when sunlight is present.
• Get or absorb food when sunlight is not present.
The Fungi Kingdom
• Most have many cells
• Don’t move around by themselves
• Absorb food from other organisms– Fungi release special chemicals on dead plants
and animals.– Chemicals break down, or decompose, the
matter.• Fungi absorbs the decomposed matter.
Fungi
• Some of the decomposed matter gets in the soil and other organisms can use it.
• Some fungi are parasites – absorb food from living organisms.– Can harm plants: Dutch elm disease.– Can harm animals – ringworm
• Examples: mushroom and mold.
Monera
• Usually single (one) celled
• Some can move and get food.
• Some don’t move and they make their own food.
• Cells of monerans are unlike other kingdoms in that: