Chapter 20Chapter 20

Progressive EraProgressive Era

Mrs. VanWartMrs. VanWart

Section 20-5:Section 20-5:

Seeking a World RoleSeeking a World Role

Foreign policies of:Foreign policies of:T RooseveltT Roosevelt

TaftTaftWilsonWilson

T. Roosevelt foreign policyT. Roosevelt foreign policy::

• “Big Stick” Diplomacy

• “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far” (African proverb?)

-negotiate peacefully

-BUT also have threat of force (military) available

Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe DoctrineRoosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine

• US is obligated to intervene if nations in Americas became unstable (owe $)

-TR: US must “exercise our international police power”

-in response to European gunboat diplomacy over debtor nations (Dominican Republic)

28)

T. Roosevelt CartoonArtwork: #8780 of 8962 by Granger

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Panama CanalPanama Canal

• Built for commercial & military uses 1904-1914 for $500M

• Colombia would not lease canal zone to U.S.

• U.S. sponsors revolt by new Republic of Panama; pays it $10M

• Dr. Gorgas instrumental (eradicated yellow fever)

• 1921: US pays Colombia $25M for loss of Panama (despite TR’s objections)

U.S. and AsiaU.S. and Asia

• Russo-Japanese War (1904-05): both tried to control Manchuria, Korea

--TR won Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating

• Gentlemen’s Agreement

• 1908 Root-Takahira Agreement

• “great white fleet:” U.S. display of power (esp. Japan)

Taft’s Foreign PolicyTaft’s Foreign Policy

• “Dollar Diplomacy”

-U.S. businesses urged to invest abroad (China, Caribbean, S. America)

-investors would be protected by US govt

Taft’s Foreign PolicyTaft’s Foreign Policy

-substituted “dollars for bullets”; no need to flex military muscle like TR (?)

-US investment in China angers Japan (encroaches on its sphere of influence)

Wilson’s Foreign PolicyWilson’s Foreign Policy

• “Moral Diplomacy” -WW rejects Big Stick and Dollar Diplomacy -Blend of morality and Christianity

-wanted US to “direct” democracy & self-govt of weaker nations (intervened in Mexican civil war)

-did not recognize “illegitimate” (de facto) govts

Wilson’s Foreign PolicyWilson’s Foreign Policy

Mexico

-Huerta overthrows Madero (assassinated) -US does not recognize

-Tampico incident: -US sends arms to Carranza (Huerta rival) -US Marines arrested, then released -Apology, but no salute to US flag -Wilson wants to use armed force (Apr 1914)

-Veracruz

Wilson’s Foreign PolicyWilson’s Foreign Policy

Mexico

-Veracruz incident:

-Reports of German ship with arms for Huerta -WW orders city seized

-Mexicans unite against US (ABC powers mediate)

-Carranza takes over -US withdraws troops (Nov)

Wilson’s Foreign PolicyWilson’s Foreign Policy

Mexico

-US chases Pancho Villa (Pershing unsuccessful)

-Jan 1917 Wilson removes troops (WWI involvement looming)