CHAPTER 20: BEHAVIOR, SELECTION, & SURVIVAL. Anthropomorphism – when humans reflect their emotions...
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Transcript of CHAPTER 20: BEHAVIOR, SELECTION, & SURVIVAL. Anthropomorphism – when humans reflect their emotions...
Anthropomorphism – when humans reflecttheir emotions on to animals
Behavior the way an organism acts
What makes us human?
Why do humans behave the way we do?
*Do genes affect our behavior?*Does our environment affect our behavior?
2 Types of Behavior
What causes a behavior response?
- there is usually some type of a sign stimulus involved
- ie. during breeding or competition
2. Learned- responses an individual develops as a direct result of specific environmental experiences
- ie. toad and robber fly
6 Types of Learning
1. Habituation
• the loss of old responses• individual learns to ignore a response• ie. not hearing a sound
2. Conditioned Reflex (Conditioning)
• occurs when patterns of innate behaviors are changed• a behavior is evoked by a previously neutral stimulus which has been associated with the stimulus that causes the reflex
• ie. Pavlov’s dogs
3. Imprinting
• a learned behavior with an innate component
• acquired during a limited period early in life
4. Trial and Error Learning
• a higher level of learning• given 2 or more responses, individual is trained to prefer one when a reward is given over the other when a punishment is given
• individual learns to make the “correct” response• ie. Alpo dogs
6. Insight Learning
• a form of reasoning that draws from the past
• a high form of learning
• able to reason problems using past experiences
Word SearchFind the word in the word list by looking
across, down, diagonal, and CIRCLE THE WORD YOU FIND.
Can you guess the animal in this incomplete drawing?
Write answer here _______(Then see if you can complete the drawing)
CommunicationIs communication innate, learned, or both?
Ex. bee dance human speech
- communication may be needed for: protection mating
Organisms communicate by:- sound
- sight- smell
- use pheromones for attraction of a mate or to leave a trail
- nonverbal signs
Animal Societies1. Dominance Hierarchy
- there is a linear relationship or a ranking system- shows a “pecking order”
- ex. dogs - top dog underdog
- ex. gorilla - alpha male (silverback)
2. Caste System- individuals are born or hatched into
a specific group within the society
- usually have specialized adaptations for their role
-ex. ants termites