Chapter 2: The Answer to the Age Ol’ Chapter 2: The Answer to the Age Ol’ Question!Question!

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Nutrition and DrugsNutrition and Drugs

Dr. Craig KasperDr. Craig Kasper

Diet Planning Diet Planning PrinciplesPrinciples

• AdequacyAdequacy

• BalanceBalance

• Kcalorie (energy) controlKcalorie (energy) control

Diet Planning Diet Planning PrinciplesPrinciples

• Nutrient densityNutrient density– Empty-kilocalorie foodsEmpty-kilocalorie foods

• ModerationModeration

• VarietyVariety

Dietary GuidelinesDietary Guidelines

Food Group PlansFood Group Plans• Daily food guideDaily food guide

– Notable nutrientsNotable nutrients– Miscellaneous foodsMiscellaneous foods– Mixtures of foodsMixtures of foods

Food Group PlansFood Group Plans

• Daily food guideDaily food guide– Nutrient densityNutrient density– Recommended Recommended

servingsservings– Serving sizesServing sizes

Daily Food GuideDaily Food Guide

Daily Food GuideDaily Food Guide

Daily Food GuideDaily Food Guide

Daily Food GuideDaily Food Guide

Daily Food GuideDaily Food Guide

Daily Food GuideDaily Food Guide

Daily Food GuideDaily Food Guide

Daily Food GuideDaily Food Guide• Perceptions and actual intakesPerceptions and actual intakes

Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson LearningCopyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Daily Food GuideDaily Food Guide• Healthy Eating Index (100 pts.)Healthy Eating Index (100 pts.)

Daily Food GuideDaily Food Guide

Daily Food GuideDaily Food Guide

Daily Food GuideDaily Food Guide• Pyramid shortcomingsPyramid shortcomings -No distinction between foods -No distinction between foods within within the the

groups. groups.

-Are all foods equal? Fats? Carbs?-Are all foods equal? Fats? Carbs?

• USDA is currently refining this USDA is currently refining this guide.guide.

• Food Guide Limitations: Only Food Guide Limitations: Only measures energy intake.measures energy intake.

You could still overeat...You could still overeat...

Exchange ListsExchange Lists• Originally developed for diabetics.Originally developed for diabetics.

• Foods sorted based on energy-Foods sorted based on energy-nutrient contentnutrient content

Putting the Plan into Putting the Plan into ActionAction

From Guidelines to GroceriesFrom Guidelines to Groceries

• Processed foodsProcessed foods

• Fortified foodsFortified foods

From Guidelines From Guidelines to Groceriesto Groceries

• Breads, cereals, and other grain Breads, cereals, and other grain productsproducts

– EnrichedEnriched– Refined foodsRefined foods– Whole-grain productsWhole-grain products

From Guidelines From Guidelines to Groceriesto Groceries

• VegetablesVegetables• LegumesLegumes• FruitFruit

From Guidelines From Guidelines to Groceriesto Groceries

• Meat, fish, and poultryMeat, fish, and poultry– Textured vegetable proteinTextured vegetable protein

• MilkMilk– Imitation foodsImitation foods– Food substitutesFood substitutes

Food LabelsFood Labels• Ingredient listIngredient list

• Serving sizes Serving sizes (FDA mandated for certain foods, why?)(FDA mandated for certain foods, why?)

• Nutrition factsNutrition facts– Daily ValuesDaily Values

Food Food LabelsLabels

Food LabelsFood Labels• Nutrient claimsNutrient claims

• Health claimsHealth claims

• Structure-function claimsStructure-function claims

Food Labels: Future labFood Labels: Future lab

Some terms:Some terms:

freefree moremore

good source of...good source of... organic?organic?

healthyhealthy low cal.low cal.

highhigh fat-freefat-free

lessless transtrans fat fat

light (lite)light (lite) leanlean

lowlow low sodiumlow sodium

A World TourA World Tour

A World TourA World Tour

Dietary GuidelinesDietary Guidelines• Aim for a healthy weightAim for a healthy weight

• Be physically active each dayBe physically active each day

• Let the pyramid guide be your Let the pyramid guide be your guideguide

Dietary GuidelinesDietary Guidelines• Choose a variety of grains dailyChoose a variety of grains daily

• Choose a variety of fruits and Choose a variety of fruits and vegetables daily vegetables daily

• Keep foods safe to eatKeep foods safe to eat

Dietary GuidelinesDietary Guidelines• Choose a diet low in:Choose a diet low in:

– Saturated fatSaturated fat– CholesterolCholesterol

• Be moderate in total fat intakeBe moderate in total fat intake

Dietary GuidelinesDietary Guidelines• Choose beverages and foods to Choose beverages and foods to

moderate sugar intakemoderate sugar intake

• Choose and prepare foods with Choose and prepare foods with less saltless salt

Dietary GuidelinesDietary Guidelines• Drink alcoholic beverages in Drink alcoholic beverages in

moderation (if at all)moderation (if at all)

• Eating pleasureEating pleasure