Chapter 2 Section 3. Colony Founder/Year Founded Reasons Founded.
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Transcript of Chapter 2 Section 3. Colony Founder/Year Founded Reasons Founded.
New EnglandChapter 2 Section 3
Colony Founder/Year Founded
Reasons Founded
The Pilgrims Land at PlymouthA group of Puritans, called separatists, broke
away from the Anglican Church to form their own churchKing James I saw this as an action challenging
him He imprisoned separatist leaders
A group of the Puritan separatists fled to Holland in 1608Left because of religious persecution
Became known as pilgrims
In 1617, they decided to sail for America
Puritans
Mayflower Arrives in AmericaPilgrims returned to England to join other
separatistsSet sail on the Mayflower in September of
1620 102 passengers Journey across the Atlantic =65 days
Food shortage=many became ill and one diedA severe storm threw them off course,
eventually saw land at Cape Cod, Mass. in Nov. Were suppose to land in Virginia=instead landed in
Plymouth, Mass.
Mayflower
Plymouth ColonyWilliam Bradford=one of leaders of
Plymouth colonyStated they first built homes for the colonists
Eventually a plague killed all but 50 of the colonistsColonists met a Native American called
Squanto=he helped colonists thrive Taught them how to grow corn, fish, and to live off
the land Helped them draw up a treaty with the local N.A.’s
(Wampanoag) Joined the Wampanoag in the fall for a three day
feast=thanked God for their good fortune= Thanksgiving
Puritans Found MassachusettsIn 1625, King Charles I took the throne and
his opposition towards Puritans increasedCaused Puritans to want to leave England for
America
A City on HillA depression hit England=wool industry
collapsed=unemployment for PuritansPuritans now suffered religious and economic
hardshipJohn Winthrop and other wealthy Puritans
were stockholders in the Mass. Bay Company received a royal charter to in March
1629=colonize in New EnglandWinthrop turned his business venture into a
refuge for Puritans March 1630, 11 ships, 900 settlers set sail
James Winthrop
A City on HillBy the end of 1630, 17 ships had brought
another 1000 peopleFounded several towns=Boston=capital
Conditions worsened in England led to Great MigrationBy 1643, 20,000 settlers had arrived in New
England
Church and StateMass. Bay Company defined gov’t of colony
“freemen”=members of MBC Made up General Court=made laws and elected
governor
1st governor was John WinthropIgnored the charter (GC)=said only him and
his assistants could make laws Lasted 4 years=colonists were frustrated b/c they
had small voice in gov’t
In May 1634, General Court assembledCreated a way for yearly election for GC
Church and StateJohn Winthrop believed the congregation should
control its churchWith the help of gov’t
Passed laws=required everyone to go to church and stated what was illegal (gambling, blasphemy, adultery, and drunkenness=flogging)
Collected taxes for church
Mass. Bay Colony didn’t allow any other religious viewsIf anyone challenged Puritan ideas=charged with
heresy and banished Heretics were considered a threat to the community
Rhode Island and Religious DissentPuritan intolerance led to the founding of
other colonies in New England=Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Maine
http://www.timepage.org/images/NewEngColonies.gif
Roger Williams Founds ProvidenceIn 1631, Roger Williams arrived in Boston
Taught his separatist ideology in Salem Angered Puritan church=condemned them for
remaining part of Anglican Church Also stated that the land of Plymouth belonged to
N.A.’s and king couldn’t give it away Upset John Winthrop b/c if King found this out he
could revoke their charter and make them a royal colony
In Oct. 1635, General Court ordered him to leave Headed south and founded his own colony
Providence=gov’t had no authority over religious matters & different religions were tolerated
Roger Williams
Anne Hutchinson is BanishedArrived in Boston in during Roger Williams
ordealClaimed she knew which ministers had
salvation from God and who didn’t Was called to General Court in 1637
Stated God spoke to her directly=violated Puritan doctrine that God speaks through the Bible Immediately she was banned for heresy
She and her followers headed south to Pocasset, later Portsmouth
Anne Hutchinson
Colony of Rhode IslandMassachusetts banished dissenting Puritans
over next few yearsHeaded south=founded Newport (1639) and
Warwick (1643) Joined with Portsmouth and Providence to become
the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Religious freedom and separation of church and
state= key parts of the colony’s charter
River Towns of ConneticutIn 1613, Thomas Hooker asked G.C. for permission to
move his congregation to the Connecticut River ValleyNeeded more land to raise cattle
He was also frustrated with Mass. political system Were granted permission
Founded Hartford
Others followed founded towns of Windsor and WethersfieldIn 1637, joined together created their on G.C.
Two years later adopted a constitution called Fundamental Orders of Connecticut=1st written constitution of the American colonies Allowed all adult men to elect governor and the G.C.
Read about Pequot War pg. 70 2nd column 4th and 5th paragraphs.
Thomas Hooker
New Hampshire and MaineSettlers to the N. of Mass. were fishers and
fur tradersNew Hampshire
Land was granted to Capt. John MasonMaine
Land was granted to Sir Fernando GorgesBoth were claimed by Massachusetts
Went to court in 1677=English court ruled against Mass. In 1679, N.H. became a royal colony Mass. bought Maine from Gorge’s heirs=remained
part of Mass. until 1820
King Phillip’s WarFor 40 yrs. after Pequot War, New England settlers
and N.A.’s had good relationsFur trade created Peace
King Phillip’s WarIn 1675, 3 Wampanoag were tried and executed in
Plymouth Wampanoag attacked Swansea =sparked King Phillip’s
War=named after Metacomet Wampanoag leader=King Phillip (by colonists) he was killed in 1676 but fighting continued in Maine and
New Hampshire Settlers won in 1678=few N.A.’s remained in New England
New England belonged to English