Chapter 17 – Between Chapter 17 – Between the Wars in Europethe Wars in Europe

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17-1 Uneasiness In Europe17-1 Uneasiness In Europe

1919thth Century dreams of Century dreams of NationalismNationalism

New boundaries for EuropeNew boundaries for Europe

Border disputes and controversyBorder disputes and controversy Mainly Germany. . . . Mainly Germany. . . .

The League of NationsThe League of Nations

Why couldn’t the League keep Why couldn’t the League keep peace like it was designed to peace like it was designed to do?????do????? The United States never joins the The United States never joins the League of NationsLeague of Nations

President Wilson wants to, but the President Wilson wants to, but the Senate refuses. (would not approve Senate refuses. (would not approve the Treaty of Versailles)the Treaty of Versailles)

Other members can never make Other members can never make agreements.agreements.

FranceFrance Wants to enforce the Treaty of Wants to enforce the Treaty of VersaillesVersailles

Germany should pay Germany should pay war reparationswar reparations

Germany makes on year’s payment Germany makes on year’s payment (1921), but cannot afford any more(1921), but cannot afford any more

Sends troops to the Ruhr ValleySends troops to the Ruhr Valley

They will collect the money by running They will collect the money by running the mines and factories therethe mines and factories there

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GermanyGermany Try to resist the French Try to resist the French

Passive ResistancePassive Resistance

StrikesStrikes

Government prints more money to pay Government prints more money to pay workersworkers

This causes This causes InflationInflation More printed money means higher prices…. More printed money means higher prices…. The actual value of the money decreases!!!The actual value of the money decreases!!!

In 1923, 4.2 trillion marks = 1 dollarIn 1923, 4.2 trillion marks = 1 dollar

The Dawes PlanThe Dawes Plan

Named after an American BankerNamed after an American Banker

August of 1924August of 1924 Allies would leave Ruhr AreaAllies would leave Ruhr Area Germany’s payments would start lower Germany’s payments would start lower and increase as they could pay moreand increase as they could pay more

New German banks and loans from New German banks and loans from outside countriesoutside countries

Brief prosperity….. Does not last Brief prosperity….. Does not last long.long.

Treaty of LocarnoTreaty of Locarno

Signed by Germany and FranceSigned by Germany and France

It guaranteed their borders with It guaranteed their borders with France and BelgiumFrance and Belgium

Headlines read “France and Germany Headlines read “France and Germany Ban War Forever”Ban War Forever”

This positive outlook continues when This positive outlook continues when Germany joins the League of NationsGermany joins the League of Nations

Kellogg-Briand PactKellogg-Briand Pact

Created by the United States and Created by the United States and FranceFrance 63 Nations agreed not to go to war 63 Nations agreed not to go to war again.again.

Empty PromisesEmpty Promises

Nobody reduced their weaponsNobody reduced their weapons

Remember!!! – Germany was forced to Remember!!! – Germany was forced to reduce its weapons, others were not.reduce its weapons, others were not.

The Great DepressionThe Great Depression

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Depression:Depression: A period of low economic activity A period of low economic activity and increased unemploymentand increased unemployment

Takes place throughout the United Takes place throughout the United States and Europe in the late States and Europe in the late 1920’s and 1930’s.1920’s and 1930’s.

Two causes of the DepressionTwo causes of the Depression

Economic problems in various Economic problems in various countriescountries Each country faced its own problemsEach country faced its own problems

One example is overproduction / falling One example is overproduction / falling pricesprices

U.S. Stock Market CrashU.S. Stock Market Crash Prosperity in Europe was built upon Prosperity in Europe was built upon Loans from U.S. to Germany, and Loans from U.S. to Germany, and Germany’s use of those loans to pay Germany’s use of those loans to pay FranceFrance

Responses to the DepressionResponses to the Depression

Recession Vs. DepressionRecession Vs. Depression

Move from Laissez Faire to increased Move from Laissez Faire to increased government involvementgovernment involvement

Marxist Predictions “Capitalism will Marxist Predictions “Capitalism will destroy itself”destroy itself”

People begin to follow Dictating rulers People begin to follow Dictating rulers who offer simple solutions in return for who offer simple solutions in return for control.control.

Democracy After the WarDemocracy After the War

Wilson Says WWI was to “Make Wilson Says WWI was to “Make Europe safe for Democracy”Europe safe for Democracy”

How do Countries try to How do Countries try to implement this?implement this?

GermanyGermany

Becomes Democratic after WWI and Becomes Democratic after WWI and calls its government the calls its government the Weimar Weimar RepublicRepublic Had no strong political leaders, many Had no strong political leaders, many of those elected did not support the of those elected did not support the RepublicRepublic

Inflation and economic problems blamed Inflation and economic problems blamed on the Republic…. People wanted on the Republic…. People wanted alternate political groupsalternate political groups

Depression makes more extreme groups Depression makes more extreme groups seem more reasonableseem more reasonable

FranceFrance

Had become the strongest power in Had become the strongest power in EuropeEurope The Depression still caused political The Depression still caused political conflictconflict

Create the Popular FrontCreate the Popular Front Create French New DealCreate French New Deal

Collective bargaining, 40 hr workweek, 2 Collective bargaining, 40 hr workweek, 2 week paid vacation, and minimum wageweek paid vacation, and minimum wage

Policies help but do not actually solve Policies help but do not actually solve any problems…. No confidence in the any problems…. No confidence in the systemsystem

Great BritainGreat Britain

Also faces struggles because of Also faces struggles because of the Depressionthe Depression Labour Party falls from power Labour Party falls from power because they could not deal with the because they could not deal with the problems.problems.

Conservatives take over and help to Conservatives take over and help to resolve issues.resolve issues.

John Maynard Keynes – Depressions John Maynard Keynes – Depressions should be left to resolve themselvesshould be left to resolve themselves

Said government should use deficit Said government should use deficit spending to create jobsspending to create jobs

United StatesUnited States

Hit harder by Depression than most Hit harder by Depression than most nationsnations

President is Franklin Delano President is Franklin Delano RooseveltRoosevelt

New Deal: His plan to create jobs New Deal: His plan to create jobs through government spending and through government spending and increase employment.increase employment.