Chapter 11

Union Advantages

Numerical Superiority Better Transportation System Established and proven Government Military Superiority More Workers

Union Disadvantages

Lack of adequate military leaders Had to fight offensive war

Confederate Advantages

Psychology Superior military leaders Men used to outdoor life Men used to riding horses Leaders accustomed to giving orders Accustomed to using firearms

Confederate Disadvantages

Smaller numbers Transportation System No established government No established military No wealth

Strategy of the North

Restore the Union Invade, Conquer, and Occupy the South Anaconda Plan Winfield Scott

3 Parts of the Anaconda Plan 1. Blockade of southern ports by the

Union navy Control the Mississippi River Divide the Confederacy and isolate one

part from the other

Strategy of the South

Defend the South until the North wears down

Names of Battles

South – geographic locations North – bodies of water

Order of Events

4-12-1861 – Fort Sumter

4-15-1861 – Lincoln calls for troops – 75,000 volunteers

4-19-1861 – Lincoln calls for blockade of South

5-21-1861 – South moves capital to Richmond, Va

Fort Sumter

South Carolina Major Anderson – commander Confederacy demanded surrender Fort supplies would only last 6 weeks Lincoln’s dilemma First Shots – April 12, 1861, 4:30 a.m. Davis’s dilemma

April 15, 1861Lincoln calls for troops75,000 Volunteers

April 17, 1861

Virginia secedesMost populated southern stateMost industrialized southern stateIn May – Arkansas, Tennessee, and North

Carolina secede

West Virginia

Counties of WV were anti-slave Remained in the Union

Winston County, Alabama Remained neutral in the War

Slave States in the Union

Maryland Delaware Kentucky Missouri Many citizens in these states fought for

the Confederacy

1st BATTLE OF BULL RUN JULY 21, 1861 VIRGINIA (town of Manassas) NORTH- MC DOWELL SOUTH- P.G.T. BEAUREGARD STONEWALL JACKSON HUMILIATING DEFEAT FOR NORTH ALMOST LED TO A CONFEDERATE

INVASION OF D.C.

BULL RUN PHOTO

July 27,1861

Lincoln replaces McDowell with George McClellan as Commander of the Department of the Potomac

November 1, 1861

Winfield Scott resigns Lincoln appoints McClellan as general-

in-chief of all Union forces

New Weapons in Civil War Ironclads Rifle Minie ball

SHILOH APRIL 6-7, 1862 TENNESSEE GRANT- NORTH BEAUREGARD- SOUTH BLOODIEST OF THE CIVIL WAR OVER 24,000 CASUALITIES 13,000-U.S 10,700-CSA More than in all previous American wars

combined NO CLEAR WINNER IN THE WEST

March1862 Battle of ironclads Confederate – Merrimack renamed

Virginia Union – Monitor Union Admiral David Farragut ordered to

seize New Orleans Merrimack sinks two wooden Union

ships No clear winner for ironclads

Battle of Second Bull Run Aug. 29-30, 1862 Stonewall Jackson with 55,000 troops

defeats Union General Pope with 75,000

ANTIETAM SEPTEMBER 17, 1862 MARYLAND NEAR ANTIETAM CREEK BLOODIEST ONE DAY BATTLE IN

THE HISTORY OF U.S. (26,000 casualties)

UNION VICTORY EMANICIPATION PROCLAMATION

(1863)

ANTIETAM PHOTO

ANTIETAM

LINCOLN JACKSON

Nov. 7, 1862

Lincoln replaces McClellan with Ambrose Burnside as the new Commander of the Army of the Potomac

Grant is placed in command of the Army of the West

Battle of Fredericksburg

Dec. 13, 1862 Burnside defeated (12,653) Confederates 5,309

Battle of Chancellorsville

May 1-4, 1863 Lee defeats Hooker Union – 17,000 casualties Confederate – 13,000 Stonewall killed

June 28, 1863

Lincoln replaces Hooker with George Meade as commander of the Army of the Potomac

5th man to command the Army in less than a year

GETTYSBURG July 1-3, 1863 PENNSYLANIA LINCOLN GAVE THE GETTYSBURG

ADDRESS TURNING POINT B/C CSA NO

LONGER HAD THE ABILITY TO LAUNCH AN OFFENSIVE IN UNION TERRITORY

VICKSBURG

JULY 4, 1863 MISSISSIPPI UNION GAINED CONTROL OF

MISSISSIPPI RIVER SPLIT SOUTH IN TWO PARTS GRANT- NORTH GENERAL PEMBERTON- SOUTH GEN.

Gettysburg Address

Nov. 1863 Little more than 2 minutes Explained the meaning of the war Before war people said “United States

are” After speech people said “United States

is”

July 18, 1863

Confederates attack Fort Wagner, South Carolina

54th Regiment – all black regiment Col. Shaw and half of 600 men are killed

March 9, 1864

Lincoln appoints Grant as commander of all Union armies

William T. Sherman succeeds Grant as commander of the West

MOBILE BAY

AUG. 5, 1864 UNION OCCUPATION CLOSED

IMPORTANT SUPPLY PORT OF THE CONFEDERACY

Admiral David Farragut – Union commander

ATLANTA is Captured

SEPT 2, 1864 SHERMAN BURNED ATLANTA,

DESTROYING THE SOUTH’S ABILITY TO GET SUPPLIES

Election of 1864 Republicans – Lincoln and Andrew

Johnson (Tennessee and pro Union Southerner)

Democrats – General McClellan (fired by Lincoln twice) promised negotiation

Lincoln won (212/233) electoral votes Ballots cast by Union soldiers

SHERMAN’S MARCH Dec. 1864 HAND-PICKED 60,000 SOLDIERS DESTROYED EVERYTHING IN A 60

MILE-WIDE PATH FROM CHATTANOOGA-ATLANTA-

SAVANNAH BROKE THE SPIRIT OF THE CSA

CREATING TENSION B/T THE N.& S. EVEN TODAY

Jan. 31, 1865

Congress approves 13th Amendment Submitted to states for ratification

March 4, 1865

President Lincoln Inaugurated Freedmen’s Bureau established to

provide assistance to emancipated slaves

APPOMATTOX

APRIL 9, 1865 LEE SURRENDERS TO GRANT IN VA CIVIL WAR ENDED

April 18, 1865

Confederate Joseph Johnston surrenders to Union Gen. Sherman in North Carolina

Lincoln’s Assassination April 14, 1865 Shot by John Wilkes Booth Ford’s Theater (Washington D.C.) Dies the next morning at 7:22 Andrew Johnson became president Only Southern Senator to remain in

Congress after secession

April 26, 1865

John Wilkes Booth shot and killed in tobacco barn in Virginia

May 4, 1865

Lincoln buried in Oak Ridge Cemetary Outside of hometown – Springfield,

Illinios

May, 1865

Remaining Confederate forces surrender

Nation reunited 620,000 dead Disease killed twice as many as those

lost in battle 50,000 survivors had amputations

Dec. 6, 1865

13th Amendment ratified Slavery abolished