Chapter 10, Section Russia & The Byzantine Connection.
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Transcript of Chapter 10, Section Russia & The Byzantine Connection.
Chapter 10, Section
Russia & The Byzantine Connection
Chapter 10, Section
The Geography of Russia
Russia’s varied climate zones helped shape early Russian life:• A band of fertile land in the south was home to
Russia’s first civilization. • The steppe provided a highway for nomads migrating
from Asia to Europe.
A network of rivers provided transportation for both people and goods. Major rivers ran north to south, linking Russia to the Byzantine world in the south.
The city of Kiev, 1st major Russian city, was located on a vital trade network linking Vikings, Slavs, and Constantinople. Kiev would later become the center of the first Russian state.
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Chapter 10, Section
Slavs
• People from forests north of Black Sea who settled in present day Ukraine & Russia
• Mainly farmers & traders organized in tribes that spoke similar languages
• Began trading with Constantinople in 9th century
• Modern-day Russian culture =result of blending of Slavic, Viking & Byzantine culture
Chapter 10, Section
Rus
• AKA Varangians (vikings)• Bands of Germanic adventurers who came
from Scandinavia and settled/ built forts along rivers w/Slavs
• Slavs and Varangians blend to become present-day Russians
• 9th cent.-trade between Kiev (Ukraine) and Constantinople became important
• By 800s, Greek monks sent to Russia to convert Slavs
• 1st leader to convert to Christianity-Olga-Russian Princess who governed Kiev from 945-955 ad
Chapter 10, Section
Cyrillic Alphabet
• Who? Cyril & Methodius-Byzantine missionaries
• What? created alphabet for the Slavic languages
• When? 9th cent. ad (800s)• Where? present day Czech Republic/
Slovakia • Significance? Bible translated in their tongue/
most Slavic languages, including Russian today are written with this alphabet
Chapter 10, Section
Vladimir
• Who? Olga’s grandson• When? 987 ad• Where? Kiev (Ukraine)• What? Prince of Kiev, sent teams out to
observe major religions• Significance? Report on religions convinced
Vladimir to convert to Byzantine Christianity & all his subjects were made to convert to Byzantine Christianity
Chapter 10, Section
Yaroslav the Wise
• Who? Vladimir’s son• When? 1019-1054 ad• Where? Kiev (Ukraine)• What? led Kiev to greater glory than father/
legal code• Significance? Crucial error that led to Kiev
decline=divided realm among his sons-sons tore apart the state
Chapter 10, Section
Alexander Nevsky
• Novgorod prince, military hero, saint• 1220-1263 ad• Defeated invading Swedes @ Neva
River (1240) & an order of Teutonic Knights in 1242
• Cooperated and acted as a go between when Mongols invade
• His son, Daniel inherited Moscow (his heirs would produce a line of princes that would be prominent in 1400s)
Chapter 10, Section
Moscow Emerged as the Chief Russian Power
During the Mongol period, the princes of Moscow steadily increased their power.
Moscow benefited from its location near important river trade routes.
Moscow was made the capital of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Ivan the Great and Ivan the Terrible centralized power and recovered Russian territories.
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Chapter 10, Section
Ivan III (the Great)
• Who? Muscovian prince• When? 1462-1505• Where? Moscow/ Russia• What? Married niece of last Byzantine
Emperor-began calling himself Czar (Russian version of Caesar) (tsar)
• Significance?-Built framework for absolute control, limited power of nobles/ final break with Mongols/ Byz./Roman connection-started to refer to Moscow as the ‘third Rome’ after fall of Constantinople
Chapter 10, Section
Byzantine Influences• Cyrillic Alphabet• Ancient Greek classics• Byzantine art, music, architecture• Byzantine Christianity• Ideas of church & emperor ruling
jointly as head of state (ultimate authority; however, lies with emperor who picks Patriarch)
• Autocratic rule (Absolute)• Russian ‘czar’ from Byzantine
‘caesar’
Chapter 10, Section
Ivan IV (the Terrible)• 1533-1584• Limited boyar
power• Strengthened
feudalism• Centralized royal
power (extreme absolute rule)
• Killed eldest son leading to weak rule by younger son
Chapter 10, Section
Effects of The Mongols Conquest
• Kiev and other Russian towns were destroyed.• The Mongols tolerated the Russian Orthodox Church (grew in power.) • Absolute power of the Mongols served as a model for later Russian rulers-led
to Czarist Russia.• Russia =cut off from Western Europe at an important time-(don’t modernize-
feudalism lasts into 1900s).• Boyars (Russian Nobles)-crushed revolts against Mongols-allowed to keep
titles, collect tribute (status increased)• The Mongol takeover of Russia was brutal & contributed to a sense of tragedy
that’s in Russian culture and art. • The amazingly rapid and uneventful Russian expansion to the Pacific in the
1600's may have been facilitated by the Russian czars being seen as the legitimate successors of the khans.
From 1237-1240, Mongol armies, led by Batu Khan, conquered Russia. The Mongols ruled Russia for 240 years.
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