Byzantine Russia Mongols
Transcript of Byzantine Russia Mongols
Fall of Western Roman Empire – Why?
Critical Intro:What was so great about
Constantinople’slocation?
Byzantine EmpireAdvantages of Constantinople’s Location
Constantine moves capital of Rome to
Constantinople
Constantinople = seat of Byzantine Empire until
Ottoman conquest in 1453
Easily fortified site on
peninsula
Natural harbor
encouraged sea trade
Protection of the eastern frontierDistance from Germanic
invasions in the western empire Crossroads of Trade
Land and Sea
Constantinople = preserved classical
Greco-Roman culture
Constantinople
Constantinople
Emperor Justinian - 3 Achievements of Byzantium’s Greatest EmperorA. Justinian’s Code
1. Justinian created a law code from all previous law codes2. Code greatly influenced European and western legal codes
B. Reconquered most of the former Roman territories1. emptied treasuries reconquering lands2. reconquered lands could not be defended long
C. Beautify and Fortify Constantinople1. Many cultural and defensive building projects; libraries, hospitals,
and churches2. Built Hagia Sophia!
a. Christian churchb. most spectacular example of Byzantine architecture
The Christian Church Divides Between East and West - “Great Schism” - 1054A. Reasons for split or “schism” between east and west
1. authority of Pope not accepted by Byzantine emperor and bishops2. practices such as celibacy not practiced in east3. Eastern Emperor Leo banned icons, pope supported icons
B. Eastern Church = Greek Orthodox Church1. Head of church = emperor; ruled over Patriarch2. centered in Constantinople3. language of church = Greek4. priests could marry
C. Western Church = Roman Catholic Church1. Head of church = Pope2. centered in Rome3. language of church = Latin4. priests could not marry
Byzantine Influence on Russia and Eastern EuropeA. trade routes between Black Sea and Baltic Sea = cultural diffusionB. Russia and much of eastern Europe adopts Orthodox ChristianityC. Saint Cyril adapts Greek alphabet to Slavic languages = Cyrillic AlphabetD. Cyrillic Alphabet allowed for translation of the Bible.
Justinian and the Byzantine EmpireFrom Telescoping the Times: Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact, 500-1500
4. Complete the chart identifying the differences between the Catholic Church of Rome and the Eastern Orthodox Church of the Byzantine Empire.
Characteristic Catholic Church in Rome Eastern Orthodox Church of Byzantine Empire
Language of Region
Center of Church (city)
Leader of Church
Language of Services
Marriage
Divorce
The Great Schism: Split Between the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches
5. Create a visual representing the Great Schism of 1054:
Modern Connection6. Why are the majority of Russians today Eastern Orthodox Christians?
Influence of Byzantine culture on Eastern Europe and
Russia
Trade routes between Black Sea
and Baltic Sea increased cultural
diffusion
Adoption of Orthodox Christianity by Russia and much of Eastern
Europe
Adoption of Greek alphabet to the
Slavic languages by St. Cyril = Cyrillic
Alphabet
Byzantine architecture and
religious art copied by Russian culture
Saint Cyril and Methodius
•Spreading Byzantine Orthodox Christianity to the Slavic regions north of the Byzantine Empire.
•Also created an alphabet for the Slavic language =
•Cyrillic Alphabet
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Hagia Sophia - Constantinople Orthodox Church - Kiev Russia
Main
Byzantine Impact on Russian Architecture
Ivan IIIIvan the Great“Father of Russia”
•Consolidated lands through war, marriage, and purchase•Refused to pay tribute to Mongols.•Secured Russian independence form Mongols•Russian Empire begins!
I. The Mongol Empire of Genghis KhanA. Who were the Mongols?
1. Nomadic world – excellent horsemen & archersa. Lived on herds – meat, milk, traded hides for grain/vegetablesb. Children ride and use bow from early age
2. Originated in Asian Steppe - Cen. Asian plains3. Political organization
a. Like Bedouins – kin/clan based – combined in confederations when needed
4. Traditional religion = Shamanism - animistic
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B. Unification and Conquests of the Mongols 1. Unified 1st by Genghis Khan = Mongol Empire a. established capital at Karakoram = power shift to E.Asia 2. Genghis Khan’s leadership
1. organization, discipline, unity2. directed fighting spirit toward conquest
3. Superior skills - Horsemanship and archery skills unmatched4. Conquer from China to E. Europe
II. Impact of the MongolsA. Mongols ended/interrupted many great postclassical empiresB. Extended world network – foundation for interaction on global scaleC. Transferred East Asian tech. & disease (plague) to Europe D. Four khanates – sons divided empire
1. Ruled for 150 years2. Last time nomadic peoples dominated sedentary peoples
E. China ruled directly by Mongols – Kublai Khan1. European Marco Polo serves Kublai Khan – Yuan Dynasty
F. Russia = tribute state as part of - Khanate of Golden Horde
Mongol clip
Mongol Crash Course