Chapter 10Chapter 10Section 2Section 2

Roosevelt and the Roosevelt and the

Square DealSquare Deal

Roosevelt takes officeRoosevelt takes office

Due to the assassination of President McKinley, Due to the assassination of President McKinley, vice president and former governor of New York, vice president and former governor of New York, Theodore Roosevelt became president in 1901.Theodore Roosevelt became president in 1901.

He brought dynamic leadership to the progressive He brought dynamic leadership to the progressive movement and helped reshape the countrymovement and helped reshape the country

He renamed the Executive Mansion the White He renamed the Executive Mansion the White HouseHouse

One of Roosevelt’s goals as president was to fight One of Roosevelt’s goals as president was to fight class distinctions class distinctions

The assassination of The assassination of McKinleyMcKinley

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt

The United Mine The United Mine Workers StrikeWorkers Strike

In 1902, some 150,000 coal miners went on strike In 1902, some 150,000 coal miners went on strike for higher wages and the recognition of their for higher wages and the recognition of their union the United Mine Workers Unionunion the United Mine Workers Union

{{A minister namedA minister named Washington Washington Gladden asked Roosevelt for help to force mine owners to negotiate with the miners} by sending a petition sending a petition signed by thousands to the president. signed by thousands to the president. Conservatives urged Roosevelt to send in the U.S. Conservatives urged Roosevelt to send in the U.S. army to force the strikers back to workarmy to force the strikers back to work

Instead Roosevelt asked the two sides to accept Instead Roosevelt asked the two sides to accept {{arbitrationarbitration, or a process of resolving conflict in , or a process of resolving conflict in which both sides agree to accept the decision of a which both sides agree to accept the decision of a third party} third party}

In the end the workers won a shorter work week In the end the workers won a shorter work week and higher pay but the mining companies did not and higher pay but the mining companies did not have to recognize the union or bargain with ithave to recognize the union or bargain with it

The Square DealThe Square Deal Satisfied with the strike intervention, Satisfied with the strike intervention,

Roosevelt pronounced the compromise a Roosevelt pronounced the compromise a “square deal”“square deal”

The square deal became Roosevelt’s The square deal became Roosevelt’s 1904 campaign slogan it summed up his 1904 campaign slogan it summed up his belief in balancing the interests of belief in balancing the interests of business consumers and laborbusiness consumers and labor

The Square Deal called for limiting the The Square Deal called for limiting the power of trusts, promoting public health power of trusts, promoting public health and safety and improving working and safety and improving working conditionsconditions

Roosevelt easily won the 1904 electionRoosevelt easily won the 1904 election

TrustbustingTrustbusting In 1902 the president took action to regulate large In 1902 the president took action to regulate large

corporations by directing the U.S. attorney general corporations by directing the U.S. attorney general to sue the Northern Securities Company for the to sue the Northern Securities Company for the monopoly they held on the railroad companymonopoly they held on the railroad company

In 1904 the Supreme Court ruled that the company In 1904 the Supreme Court ruled that the company violated the Sherman Antitrust Act and ordered the violated the Sherman Antitrust Act and ordered the company dissolvedcompany dissolved

Encouraged by the victory the Roosevelt Encouraged by the victory the Roosevelt administration launched a “trustbusting” administration launched a “trustbusting” campaign. It filed 44 suits against businesses campaign. It filed 44 suits against businesses engaged in policies believed to not be in the public engaged in policies believed to not be in the public interest interest

Roosevelt also got Congress to pass the Roosevelt also got Congress to pass the Elkin’s Elkin’s Act, Act, forbidding shipping companies form accepting forbidding shipping companies form accepting bribes in return for business, and the bribes in return for business, and the Hepburn Hepburn Act, Act, which set railroad rates and to regulate other which set railroad rates and to regulate other companies engaged in interstate commerce.companies engaged in interstate commerce.

Practices of Food & Drug Practices of Food & Drug CompaniesCompanies

Clear evidence existed that some drug Clear evidence existed that some drug companies, food processors and meat packers companies, food processors and meat packers were selling dangerous products were selling dangerous products

Chemicals such as formaldehyde were added to Chemicals such as formaldehyde were added to food to make them appear freshfood to make them appear fresh

Drug companies sold worthless medicines Drug companies sold worthless medicines contained dangerous drugs like cocaine or contained dangerous drugs like cocaine or morphinemorphine

The The Pure Food and Drug ActPure Food and Drug Act established established regulations to prevent companies from making regulations to prevent companies from making false claims about their products and it also false claims about their products and it also required ingredient labels on productsrequired ingredient labels on products

The The Meat Inspection Act Meat Inspection Act required federal required federal inspection of meat shipped across state linesinspection of meat shipped across state lines

This is an ad for Glyco-Heroin. Its This is an ad for Glyco-Heroin. Its ingredients are simply Heroin, Gin & sugar. ingredients are simply Heroin, Gin & sugar. The Pure Food & Drug Act outlawed these The Pure Food & Drug Act outlawed these

medicines because they cured nothingmedicines because they cured nothing..

Political cartoon depicting Political cartoon depicting medicine production in the medicine production in the

early 1900’searly 1900’s

Protecting the Protecting the EnvironmentEnvironment

Roosevelt realized that the nations national Roosevelt realized that the nations national resources are limited and that the needs of resources are limited and that the needs of businesses had always taken priority over the businesses had always taken priority over the environment environment

{{Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt also said “in the past, we also said “in the past, we have admitted the right of the individual to injure have admitted the right of the individual to injure the future of the Republic for its own present profit. the future of the Republic for its own present profit. The time has come for a change}The time has come for a change}

Gifford PinchotGifford Pinchot a forester and a friend of a forester and a friend of Roosevelt coined the phrase Roosevelt coined the phrase conservation conservation to to describe the need to protect the environment describe the need to protect the environment

Roosevelt set aside 150 million acres of land as Roosevelt set aside 150 million acres of land as forest reserves forest reserves

Continued….Continued….

In 1902 In 1902 {{CongressCongress passed the Newlands passed the Newlands Reclamation Act which allowed money from Reclamation Act which allowed money from the sale of public lands to be irrigation and the sale of public lands to be irrigation and reclamationreclamation- the process of making - the process of making damaged land productive again}damaged land productive again}

The The National Park Services National Park Services was created in was created in 1916 to help supervise the newly protected 1916 to help supervise the newly protected monuments, wildlife refuges, and parksmonuments, wildlife refuges, and parks

Among these were the Grand Canyon and Among these were the Grand Canyon and the Petrified Forest in Arizona.the Petrified Forest in Arizona.

Review QuestionsReview Questions A minister named Washington A minister named Washington Gladden asked

who? for help to force mine owners to negotiate with the miners?

What is a process of resolving conflict in which What is a process of resolving conflict in which both sides agree to accept the decision of a third both sides agree to accept the decision of a third partyparty

Who said “in the past, we have admitted the right Who said “in the past, we have admitted the right of the individual to injure the future of the Republic of the individual to injure the future of the Republic for its own present profit. The time has come for a for its own present profit. The time has come for a change”?change”?

Congress passed the Newlands Reclamation Act Congress passed the Newlands Reclamation Act which allowed money from the sale of which allowed money from the sale of what?what? to be to be irrigation and reclamation- the process of making irrigation and reclamation- the process of making damaged land productive againdamaged land productive again

Petrified Forest in Petrified Forest in ArizonaArizona