CHAPTER : 1 Nutrition in plants
18
Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII [ 1 To know about more useful books for class-7 click here CHAPTER : 1 Nutrition in plants Nutrition in Plants W h at i s n u t ri ti on i n p la n ts ? M o d e o f N u t r i t i o n A u t o t r o p h i c P h o t o s y n t h e s i s M e a n i n g S t o m a t a F a t s Pr o t e i n s Vi ta m i n s C el l M e m b r a n e N u c l e u s C y t op la s m S a p r o t r o p h i c N u t r i tio n M i n e r a l s O t h er s m o des of n u tr it io n i n plan ts H o s t The bodies of living organisms are made of tiny units It is a thin flexible layer around the cells of all living things. Cells have distinct centrally located spherical structure called nucleus. Nucleus is surrounded by a jelly-like substance called cytopasm. Rhizobium bacteria which lives in the roots nodules of leguminous plants and fixes atmospheric nitrogen into nitrites and nitrates in the soil. In this mode of nutrition, organisms obtain nutrition from dead and decaying matters. Plants which use saprotrophic mode of nutrition. It is the mode of taking food by an organism and its utilisation by the body. In this mode of nutrition Organisms depend on others for their food. It is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. In this mode of nutrition, Organisms make their food themselves from simple substances. L e a v e s o f P l a n t s h a v e g r e e n p la n t . I ti s a t y p e o f p o r e o p e n i n g o n le a v e o f p l a nt s . O r g a n i s m s f r o m w h i c h p ar as i t e s t a k e t h e i r f o o d . O r g a n i s m s t h a t l i v e s w i t h i n o r o n a h o s t . I n s e c t e a t in g p la n t s .
Transcript of CHAPTER : 1 Nutrition in plants
Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII [ 1
To know about more useful books for class-7 click here
CHAP
TER
: 1 N
utrition
in p
lant
s
Nu
trit
ion in
Pla
nts
Whatisnutr
ition
inp
lan
ts?
Mo
de
of
Nu
trit
ion
Autot
rop
hic
Ph
oto
syn
thes
isM
ean
ing
Stom
at
a
Fats
Pro
tein
s
Vit
amin
s
CellM
embr
ane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Sapro
trophic
Nutrit
ion
Min
eral
s
Othersm
odes of
nutrition inplants
Ho
st
Th
eb
od
ies
ofl
ivin
go
rgan
ism
sar
em
ade
oft
iny
un
its
Itis
ath
infl
exib
lela
yer
aro
un
dth
ece
lls
of
all
liv
ing
thin
gs.
Cel
lsh
ave
dis
tin
ctce
ntr
ally
loca
ted
sph
eric
alst
ruct
ure
call
edn
ucl
eus.
Nu
cleu
sis
surr
ou
nd
edb
ya
jell
y-l
ike
sub
sta
nce
call
ed
cyto
pas
m.
Rh
izo
biu
mb
acte
ria
wh
ich
liv
esin
the
roo
tsn
od
ule
so
fle
gu
min
ou
sp
lan
tsa
nd
fix
es
atm
osp
he
ric
nit
rog
enin
ton
itri
tes
and
nit
rate
sin
the
soil
.
Inth
ism
od
eo
fn
utr
itio
n,
org
anis
ms
ob
tain
nu
trit
ion
fro
md
ead
and
dec
ayin
gm
atte
rs.
Pla
nts
wh
ich
use
sap
rotr
op
hic
mo
de
ofn
utr
itio
n.
Itis
the
mo
de
of
tak
ing
foo
db
yan
org
anis
man
dit
su
tili
sati
on
by
the
bo
dy.
Inth
ism
od
eo
fn
utr
itio
nO
rgan
ism
sd
epen
do
no
ther
sfo
rth
eir
foo
d.
Itis
the
pro
cess
by
wh
ich
gre
enp
lan
tsan
dso
me
oth
ero
rgan
ism
su
sesu
nli
gh
tto
syn
thes
ize
foo
ds
fro
mca
rbo
nd
ioxi
de
and
wat
er.
Inth
ism
od
eo
fn
utr
itio
n,
Org
anis
ms
mak
eth
eir
foo
dth
em
selv
es
fro
msi
mp
lesu
bst
ance
s.
Lea
ve s
of
Pla
nts
hav
eg
reen
pla
nt.
Itis
aty
pe
of
po
reop
enin
go
nle
ave
of
pla
nts
.
Org
anis
ms
fro
mw
hic
h
par
asit
esta
ke
thei
rfo
od.
Org
anis
ms
that
liv
esw
ith
ino
ro
na
ho
st.
Inse
ctea
tin
gp
lan
ts.
2 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII
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CHAP
TER
: 2 N
utrition
in a
nima
ls
Mean
ing
Am
oeb
aca
ptu
reth
efo
od
by
fals
efo
ot
pse
ud
op
edia
and
dig
esti
nfo
od
vac
ou
le.
Dig
esti
on
inG
rass
Eat
ing
An
imal
sR
um
enis
ap
art
of
sto
mac
hin
gra
ss
ea
tin
ga
nim
als
wh
ere
they
sto
resw
allo
wed
foo
d.H
ere
foo
dis
pa
rtia
lly
dig
este
d.
Nu
trit
ion in
nim
als
A
Conver
sion
ofN
utr
ien
tsC
arb
oh
yd
rate
sto
Glu
cose
Pro
tein
sto
Am
ino
acid
s
Itin
clu
des
nu
trie
nts
req
uir
emen
tm
od
eo
fin
tak
eo
ffo
od
and
its
uti
lisa
tio
nin
the
bo
dy
Oesophagus
StomachSmall Inte
stin
e
Lar
ge
Inte
stin
e
Dig
esti
on
off
oo
dta
kes
pla
ce
Pas
ses
chew
edfo
od
fro
mm
ou
thto
sto
mac
hP
arti
ald
iges
tio
nta
kes
pla
ce
Co
mp
lete
dig
esti
on
tak
esp
lace
Un
dig
est
ed
foo
dis
com
ple
tely
rem
ov
eo
ut
thro
ug
han
us.
Pro
cess
call
edE
ges
tio
n.
Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII [ 3
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CHAP
TER
: 3 f
ibre
to f
abric
Fib
re t
o
Fa
bric
Animal
Fib
res
Seric
ultu
re
Occ
urre
nce
Dia
gram
Oth
eran
imal
sw
hic
h
yie
ldw
oo
l
Stepsforprocessing
obt
aine
dfr
om
animals
Shearing
Scouring
Sortin
g
Cle
arin
go
fB
urr
s
Dy
ein
g
Ro
llin
g
Wo
ol
iso
bta
ined
fro
mth
efl
eece
of
shee
po
ry
ak
Mo
ha
iris
ob
tain
ed
fro
mA
ug
ora
go
ats
.T
he
fur
of
Cam
els,
Lla
ma
and
Ap
aca
inS
.Am
eric
a
Th
efl
ee
ceo
fth
esh
ee
pa
lon
gw
ith
ath
inla
yer
of
skin
rem
ov
ed
fro
mit
sb
od
y.T
he
shea
red
sk
in w
ith
hai
ris
th
oro
ug
hly
was
hed
.
Th
eh
airy
skin
isse
nt
toa
fact
ory
wh
ere
hai
ro
fd
iffe
ren
tte
xtu
res
are
sep
arat
ed.
Sm
allf
luff
yb
urr
sar
ep
ick
edo
utf
rom
the
hai
r.
Fib
res
are
colo
ure
din
var
iou
sd
yes
Th
efi
bre
sa
rest
raig
h-
ten
edco
mb
edan
dro
lled
into
yar
n.
Th
efe
mal
esi
lkm
oth
lay
seg
gs
wh
ich
hat
chin
tola
rvas
call
edca
tter
pil
lar.
Th
en
ext
stag
ep
up
a,it
sw
eav
esa
net
toh
old
itse
lfca
lled
Co
coo
n.T
he
silk
iso
bta
ined
fro
mC
oco
on
.
(a)
Fem
ale
silw
orm
moth
with e
ggs
(c)
Larv
a(C
ate
rpill
ar/
Silk
worm
)fe
edin
g o
n m
ulb
err
yle
aves
(b)
Mulb
err
ytr
ee
Leaf of m
ulb
err
y
(d)
Cocoons
Re
arin
g S
ilkw
orm
s
offibresintowool.
Rea
rin
go
fS
ilk
mo
th.
Silk
fib
res
com
esfr
om
the
coco
on
so
fth
esi
lkm
oth
.
Fig
.3.1
0
4 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII
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CHAP
TER
: 4 h
eat
Hea
t
Tem
perat
ure
M
easu
rem
ent
(ho
to
rco
ld)
InSu
mm
ers
Kinds
ofT
her
mom
eter
ClinicalThermometer
Clo
thes
for
tem
per
atu
reL
abor
ator
yTher
mometer
Con
stru
ction
Tran
sf
erof Heat
Hea
t fl
ow
s fr
om
ho
tter
ob
ject
to
co
lder
ob
ject
.
Proce
ssR
adia
tion
Co
nv
ecti
on
Con
duct
ion
Lig
ht
colo
ure
dcl
oth
esw
hic
hre
fle
ct
mo
sto
fth
eh
eat
that
fall
so
nth
em.
Dar
kco
lou
red
clo
thes
wh
ich
ab
so
rbs
he
at
an
dw
oo
lis
ap
oo
rco
nd
uct
ors
ofh
eat.
Itis
ge
ne
rate
db
yth
ee
mis
sio
no
fe
lect
rom
ag
ne
tic
wa
ve
s.It
tak
es
pla
ceth
rou
gh
vac
cum
or
tran
spar
ent
med
ium
.
Wh
enfl
uid
ish
eate
d,
itca
rrie
sth
erm
al
en
erg
ya
lon
gw
ith
itan
dm
ov
esaw
ayfr
om
the
sou
rce.
Th
istr
ansf
eren
ceo
fh
eat
allo
ws
actu
alm
ov
emen
to
fp
arti
cles
.Th
istr
ansf
eris
Co
nv
ecti
on
.
Tran
sfer
of
Hea
tfr
om
on
ep
arti
cle
toth
ea
dja
cen
tp
art
icle
wit
ho
ut
the
actu
alm
ov
emen
to
fth
ep
arti
cles
.In
soli
ds,
hea
tis
tran
sfer
red
by
Co
nd
uct
ion
.
Co
nst
ruct
ion
Itco
nsi
sts
of
alo
ng
,n
arro
w,
un
ifo
rm,
gla
sstu
be.
Ith
asa
bu
lbat
on
een
d.
Th
eb
ulb
con
tain
sm
erc
ury
.It
als
oh
as
ak
ink
.
It m
easu
res
bo
dy
tem
per
atu
re. T
he
ran
ge
is 3
5°C
to
42°C
.
Itm
ea
sure
sth
ete
mp
era
ture
of
ob
ject
s.T
he
ran
ge
is-1
0°C
to11
0°C
.
Itsh
ou
ldb
ek
ept
up
rig
ht,
bu
lbsh
ou
ldb
esu
rro
un
ded
fro
mal
lsi
des
.
Tem
per
atu
reis
mea
sure
d
by
Th
erm
om
eter
.
of
ano
bje
ct.
Meaning
Meaning
Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII [ 5
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CHAP
TER
: 5 a
cids
, ba
ses
and
sal
ts
Acid
s, B
ases
and
Sa
lts
Aci
ds
Typ
esof
Aci
ds
MineralAcids
O
rganicAcids
Stro
ng
Acids
Wea
kA
cids
W
eak
base
s
Pro
per
ties
Typ
esof
Indica
tors
NaturalIn
dicat
ors
Synth
etic
Indic
ators
Lit
mu
sex
trac
ted
Ro
sePe
tals
fro
mli
chen
s
Ch
ina
Ph
eno
ph
thal
ein
Neu
tral
isat
ion
Def
init
ion
Use
sin
ever
yday
life
Ant
bite
Th
eyar
eso
apy
toto
uch
.Th
eyh
ave
bit
ter
tast
e.T
hey
reac
tw
ith
acid
sto
neu
tral
ises
.
Th
esu
bst
ance
su
sed
tote
stw
het
her
asu
bst
ance
isac
idic
or
bas
ic.
Un
dig
este
dfo
od
cau
ses
acid
ity
inst
om
ach
.To
reli
eve
mil
ko
fm
agn
esia
ista
ken
ton
eutr
alis
eac
id.
Wh
enan
antb
ite
itin
ject
acid
ic(f
orm
icac
id).
Itca
nb
en
eutr
alis
eb
yru
bb
ing
bak
ing
sod
a.
Th
ey h
ave
a so
ur
tast
e an
d a
reco
rro
siv
e in
nat
ure
. A c
on
cen
trat
edac
id c
uts
th
rou
gh
clo
thes
an
d a
reg
oo
d c
on
du
cto
rs o
f el
ectr
icit
y.
Th
ere
acti
on
bet
wee
nan
acid
and
ab
ase
isk
no
wn
asn
eutr
alis
atio
n.
Aci
d+
Bas
eS
altH
Cl+
NaO
HN
aCl(
Co
mm
on
Sal
t).
Exc
essi
ve
use
of
chem
ical
fert
ilis
ers
mak
esth
eso
ilac
idic
.It
istr
eate
dw
ith
ba
ses
lik
eQ
uic
kli
me
or
slak
edli
me.
Th
eS
olu
tio
nw
hic
hd
on
otc
han
ge
the
colo
ur
ofe
ith
erre
do
rb
lue
litm
us.
6 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII
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CHAP
TER
: 6 p
hysical
and
che
mica
l ch
ange
Ch
arac
teri
stic
s
Phy
sic
al
and
Chem
ica
l
Cha
nge
Rusting
Gal
van
isat
ion
Def
init
ion Examples
Ch
ang
es a
re p
erm
anen
t an
dir
rev
ersi
ble
.
Th
ey c
ause
rel
ease
or
abso
rpti
on
of
ener
gy.
New
su
bst
ance
s w
ith
new
pro
per
ties
are
fo
rmed
.
Cu
rdli
ng
of
mil
k
Ru
stin
g o
f Ir
on
Bu
rnin
g o
f w
ax w
ick
Definiti
on Ch
arac
t eri
stic
sS
hap
e ca
n c
han
ge
tem
po
rari
ly.
No
new
su
bst
ance
is
form
ed,
on
ly t
he
arra
ng
emen
t o
fm
ole
cule
s ar
e al
tere
d.
No
en
erg
y c
han
ges
tak
es p
lace
.
Exam
ples
Mel
tin
g o
f Ic
e in
vo
lves
a ch
ang
e fr
om
a s
oli
dto
a l
iqu
id.
Bo
ilin
g o
f w
ater
,D
isso
lvin
g s
ug
ar i
nw
ater
.
Th
ere
do
ro
ran
ge
coat
ing
that
form
so
nth
esu
rfa
ceo
fir
on
wh
en
itis
ex
po
se
dto
air
an
dm
ois
ture
,co
nsi
stin
go
ffe
rric
hy
dro
xid
ean
dfe
rric
oxi
de.
Dep
osi
tio
no
fla
yer
of
am
etal
lik
ech
rom
ium
or
zin
co
nIr
on
isca
lled
gal
van
isat
ion
.
Itis
the
pro
cess
by
wh
ich
aso
lid
form
s,w
he
reth
ea
tom
sa
nd
mo
lecu
les
are
hig
hly
org
an
ise
din
toa
stru
ctu
rek
no
wn
asC
ryst
als.
An
irre
ver
sib
lech
emic
alre
acti
on
inv
olv
ing
the
rear
ran
gem
ento
fth
eat
om
so
fo
ne
or
mo
resu
bst
ance
sa
nd
ach
an
ge
inth
eir
chem
ica
lp
rop
erti
es.
An
ych
ang
eth
ato
ccu
rsw
ith
ou
ta
lte
rin
gth
ech
em
ica
lco
mp
osi
tio
no
fa
sub
sta
nc
eis
ap
hy
sica
lch
ang
e.
Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII [ 7
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CHAP
TER
: 7 w
eath
er, cl
imat
e an
d ad
aptions
of
animal
s t
o c
lima
te
Wea
ther, C
lim
ate
and
da
pti
ons
Aof
nim
als
to
Ali
ma
teC
Climate
TropicalRainfo
rest
Polar Regio
n
Definiti
on Cli
mat
e
Sun
Ad
apti
on
sin
An
imal
s
Po
lar
Bea
r
Th
ese
reg
ion
sa
reco
ver
edw
ith
sno
wa
nd
he
nce
are
ver
yco
ld.
Fo
r6
mo
nth
s,th
esu
nse
tsa
nd
the
ne
xt
6m
on
ths,
the
sun
rise
s.
Cli
mat
e is
ho
t b
ecau
seo
f it
s lo
cati
on
aro
un
dth
e E
qu
ato
r.
Su
nis
the
pri
mar
yso
urc
eo
fen
erg
y.
Th
eav
erag
ew
eath
erp
atte
rnta
ken
ov
era
lon
gti
me,
25y
ears
isca
lled
the
clim
ate.
Itis
mea
sure
db
yan
inst
rum
ent
call
edra
ing
uag
e.
Th
ed
ayto
day
con
dit
ion
of
the
atm
osp
her
eat
ap
lace
.B
ird
sm
igra
teto
wa
rme
rre
gio
ns,
du
rin
gw
inte
rs,
tog
ive
thei
rb
od
yw
arm
.
Penguins
Touca
nBird
Bo
dy
isst
ream
lined
Long,cu
rved
and
shar
p
claw
sto
wal
ko
nic
e.
Lo
ng
tail
sfo
rgr
aspin
g
bra
nch
esof
tree
s
Lo
ng
and
larg
ebe
aksto
reac
hfr
uit
so
nbr
anch
es.
Su
nis
the
pri
mar
yso
urc
eo
fen
erg
y.
8 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII
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CHAP
TER
: 8 w
ind, s
torm
s a
nd c
yclo
nes
Win
d,
Sto
rm
s
and
Cy
clo
nes
Tornadoes
Def
initio
n
Disasters
Air
pre
ssu
rere
gu
late
sw
ind
spee
dPr
oper
ties
of
Air
Air
crea
tes pre
ssure
Thunderstorm
Cy
clo
nes
Bet
wee
nla
nd
and
wat
er
Du
eto
this
pre
ssu
re,
the
lea
ve
so
ftr
ee
s,b
ann
ers
flu
tter
wh
enth
ew
ind
isb
low
ing
.
On
hea
tin
g, a
ir e
xpan
ds
and
occ
up
ies
spac
e. T
he
war
m a
ir i
s li
gh
ter
than
cold
air
, so
it
rise
s.
Air
mo
ves
fro
mth
ere
gio
nw
her
ed
irec
tio
no
fth
eai
rp
ress
ure
ish
igh
toth
ere
gio
nw
her
eth
ep
ress
ure
islo
w.
Mo
vin
g a
ir i
s ca
lled
Win
d.
Th
ea
irin
the
sere
gio
ns
bec
om
esw
arm
.T
he
war
mai
rri
ses
and
the
coo
ler
air
fro
mth
eeq
uat
or
mo
ves
in.
Th
ese
win
ds
blo
wfr
om
the
no
rth
,an
dth
eso
uth
tow
ard
sth
eeq
uat
or.
Cy
clo
ne
isa
syst
emo
fw
ind
sro
tati
ng
inw
ard
sto
anar
eao
flo
wb
aro
met
ric
pre
ssu
rew
ith
an
an
tic
loc
kw
ise
or
clo
ckw
ise
circ
ula
tio
n.
Itca
nd
amag
eh
ou
ses,
tele
ph
on
esan
do
ther
com
mu
nic
atio
nsy
stem
s,tr
ees
etc.
cau
sin
gtr
emen
do
us
loss
ofl
ife
and
pro
per
ty.
Ast
orm
of
hea
vy
rain
fall
acco
mp
anie
db
yli
gh
tnin
g,t
hu
nd
er,w
ind
and
som
etim
esh
ail.
Ito
ccu
rsw
hen
mo
ist
air
nea
rth
eg
rou
nd
bec
om
esh
eate
dan
dri
ses
form
ing
clo
ud
that
pro
du
ces
pre
cip
itat
ion
.
Itis
av
iole
ntl
yro
tati
ng
colu
mn
of
air,
inco
nta
ctw
ith
the
gro
un
da
nd
oft
env
isib
leas
afu
nn
elcl
ou
d.
Hig
hsp
ee
dw
ind
sar
eac
com
pai
ned
by
red
uce
dai
rp
ress
ure
.
In s
um
mer
s, t
he
lan
dw
arm
s u
p f
aste
r an
dth
e ai
r o
ver
th
e la
nd
get
s h
eate
d r
ises
,T
he
win
dsf
low
fro
mw
ater
to
lan
d.
D
estr
uct
ion
sca
use
dby
cycl
on
es
Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII [ 9
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CHAP
TER
: 9 s
oil
Soil
TypesofSoil
So
ilE
rosi
on
Mo
istu
rein
soil
Pro
per
ties
of
Soil
Perc
olat
ion
rate
of water in soil
Vitalit
y
Soil
Preven
tion
Th
ird
Lay
er
Up
per
La
yer
of
eart
hco
nsi
stin
ga
mix
ture
of
org
anic
rem
ain
s,cl
ayro
ckp
arti
cles
.
An
cho
rag
eth
ep
lan
tsa
nd
sup
pli
esw
ater
and
nu
trie
nts
.
Av
ert
ica
lse
ctio
nth
rou
gh
dif
fere
nt
lay
ers
of
the
soil
.H
um
us
and
min
eral
sar
eri
chin
top
soil
.
Ith
asle
sser
amo
un
to
fh
um
us
bu
tmo
reo
fmin
eral
s.T
his
lay
eris
har
der
.
clay
with
humus
Pla
nti
ng
Veg
etat
ion
Aff
ore
stat
ion
Mad
eu
po
fsm
allr
ock
s
wat
er,w
ind
,ice
10 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII
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CHAP
TER
: 10 r
espira
tion
in o
rgan
isms
Resp
ira
tion
in
Orga
nis
ms
Breathing in
other animals
Res
pir
atio
n
InP
lan
ts
Inco
mp
lete
com
bu
stio
no
ffo
od
ina
bse
nce
of
oxy
gen
.
Co
mp
lete
com
bu
stio
no
ffo
od
inp
rese
nce
ofo
xyg
en.
Bre
akd
ow
no
ffo
od
inth
ece
llw
ith
the
rele
ase
ofe
ner
gy.
Earthworm
Frog
Co
akro
ach
Gil
lsin
fish
hel
pth
emto
use
dis
solv
edO
inw
ater
2T
he
skin
ism
ois
ta
nd
slim
yan
dg
ases
can
easi
lyb
eex
chan
ge.
Pai
ro
flu
ng
sp
rese
nt.
Th
eyca
na
lso
bre
ath
eth
rou
gh
skin
wh
ich
ism
ois
ta
nd
slip
per
y.
Th
rou
gh
smal
lop
enin
gs
on
the
sid
es
of
bo
dy
call
ed
Sp
irac
les.
Th
eri
bs
mo
ve
up
and
ou
twar
ds
incr
ease
sth
esp
ace
of
ches
tan
dai
rru
shes
into
the
lun
gs.
Th
eri
bs
mo
ve
do
wn
and
inw
ard
s,re
du
ces
the
size
of
the
ches
tca
vit
yan
dai
ris
pu
shed
ou
toft
he
lun
gs.
Th
ero
ot
cell
sal
son
eed
oxy
gen
tog
ener
ate
ener
gy.
Ro
ots
tak
eu
pai
rfr
om
soil
par
ticl
es.
Tak
ing
inai
rri
chin
oxy
gen
an
dg
ivin
go
ut
air
rich
inca
rbo
nd
ioxi
de.
Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII [ 11
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CHAP
TER
: 11 tr
anspo
rtat
ion
in a
nima
ls a
nd p
lant
s
Tra
nsp
orta
tion
in a
nim
als
and
pla
nts
VascularTissues
Xy
lem
In Plants
Xy
lem
an
d P
hlo
em.
Blo
od
.Tr
ansl
oca
teso
lub
lefo
od
inp
lan
tsfr
om
leav
esto
roo
ts.
Tra
nsp
ort
sw
ate
ra
nd
dis
solv
edm
iner
als
fro
mth
ero
ots
toth
ele
aves
.U
rin
ary
Bla
dd
erUlt
rafi
ltra
tio
n o
f U
rin
e.
Pas
ses
uri
ne
fro
mk
idn
eys
tob
lad
der
.
Sto
res
Uri
ne.
Pas
ses
Uri
ne
Ou
t.
Blood Blo
od
Co
rpu
scle
s
Red
Blo
od
Cor
pusc
les
Wh
ite
Blo
od
Co
rpu
scle
s
Pla
tele
ts
Co
nta
ins
are
dp
igm
ent
call
edh
aem
og
lob
in.
Fig
hta
gai
nst
ger
ms
that
ente
ro
ur
bo
dy.
Hel
ps
in c
lott
ing
of
blo
od
.Blood
Ve
sse
lsB
loo
dis
the
flu
idw
hic
hfl
ow
sin
blo
od
ves
sela
nd
com
po
sed
ofP
lasm
aan
dB
loo
dC
orp
usl
es.
Pulse
Rh
yth
mic
con
trac
tio
nf
oll
ow
ed
by
its
rela
xati
on
.
Nu
mb
er o
fra
te b
eats
per
min
ute
.
Hea
rtP
um
ps
Th
eB
loo
d
Vena Cava
Rig
ht
atri
um
Lu
ng
s
Lefta
triu
m
Aorta
Co
nta
ins
deo
xy-
gen
erat
ed b
loo
d.
Pu
rifi
cati
on
ofb
loo
d.
Co
nta
ins
Oxy
gen
ated
blo
od
.
Dis
trib
ute
pu
reo
ro
xyg
enat
edb
loo
din
allp
arts
ofb
od
y.
Art
erie
s
Ca
rry
carb
on
dio
xid
eri
chb
loo
dfr
om
allp
arts
oft
he
bo
dy
bac
kto
the
hea
rt.
Ex
tre
me
lyth
intu
be
sjo
into
form
vei
ns
wh
ich
emp
tyin
toth
eh
eart
.
Car
ryo
xyg
enri
chb
loo
dfr
om
the
hea
rtto
allp
arts
oft
he
bo
dy.
Co
lle
cts
imp
ure
or
de
ox
yg
en
ate
db
loo
dfr
om
allp
arts
ofb
od
y.
12 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII
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CHAP
TER
: 12
repr
odu
ction
in p
lant
s
Rep
rod
ucti
on
in
Pla
nts
Fert
ilis
atio
n
See
dD
isp
ersa
l
Rep
rod
uct
ion
Mea
nin
g throughreproductive
parts
Type
sofReproducti
on
Ase
xual
TypesofAsexualon
VegetativePropgatio
n
Cu
ttin
g
Budsinth
e
marginsofleav
es
Roots
Budding
Frag
men
tatio
n
Sp
ore
Fo
rmat
ion
Mea
nin
g
Pro
du
ces
off
spri
ng
sb
yth
efu
sio
no
fgam
etes
,res
ult
ing
ino
ffsp
rin
gs
gen
etic
ally
dif
fere
ntf
rom
par
ents
.
Ovary
Style
Stigm
a
Pro
du
ces
fem
ale
gam
ete.
Flo
wer
Pro
du
ces
mal
eg
amet
e.Sta
men
An
ther
Pis
til
parto
fap
lan
tto
afe
mal
ep
art
of
ap
lan
t
Bry
op
hy
llu
m
SweetPotato
orD
ahlia
Yeast
Alg
ae
Rh
iro
pu
s(f
un
gus)
Flo
wer
Ro
ots
, Ste
m
and
Lea
ves
Pro
du
cin
go
ffsp
rin
go
r
gen
erat
ing
new
stru
ctu
re
Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII [ 13
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CHAP
TER
: 13
motion
and
time
Moti
on a
nd
Tim
e
Un
its M
ean
ing
ofm
otio
nP
erio
dic
mo
tio
n
Th
eac
tio
no
rp
roce
sso
fm
ov
ing
or
bei
ng
mo
ved
.
Ob
ject
mo
vin
gal
on
ga
stra
igh
tli
ne
wit
ha
con
stan
tsp
eed
.
Sp
eed
of
ano
bje
ctm
ov
ing
alo
ng
ast
raig
htl
ine
kee
ps
chan
gin
g.
Types of motion
Mea
ning
Wh
en
Bo
bo
fP
en
du
lum
star
tsto
mo
ve
fro
mit
sm
ean
po
siti
on
toex
trem
ep
osi
tio
n.
Ba
ck
an
df
or
th
mo
vem
ent
of
ab
ob
foll
ow
ing
arh
yth
mic
pat
tern
.
Dis
tan
ceco
ver
edb
yan
ob
ject
ina
un
itti
me.
Day
Mon
thTim
eb
etw
een
sun
rise
and
the
sun
set.
on
en
ewm
oo
nto
the
nex
t.
Fix
edti
me
tak
enb
yth
ee
art
hto
com
ple
teo
nre
vo
luti
on
oft
he
sun
.
The
dis
tan
cem
ov
edb
yo
bje
cts
ina
giv
enin
terv
al
oftim
eca
nh
elp
us
top
rov
ide
the
fast
or
slo
wm
oti
on
time
spee
d
mea
sure
dby
mea
sure
db
y
mea
sure
dby
cloc
k
seco
nd
spee
do
met
er
mea
sure
sth
ed
ista
nce
mo
ved
by
the
veh
icle
.
Non-u
niform
motion
Uniformmotion
Oscillatio
ns
Sim
ple
pen
du
lum
m/s
–1
14 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII
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CHAP
TER
: 14
elec
tric c
urre
nt a
nd it
s e
ffec
ts
Ele
ctr
ic C
urrent
and
its
Effects
Elec
tric
bulb
Sw
itch
is‘O
N’p
osit
ion
An
elec
tric
aln
etw
ork
isa
nin
terc
on
ne
ctio
no
fel
ectr
ical
com
po
nen
tso
ra
mo
del
inte
rco
nn
ecte
del
ectr
ical
elem
ents
. Ele
ctri
cC
om
po
nen
tsan
dS
ym
bo
ls
Sw
itch
is‘O
FF
’po
siti
on
Bat
tery
Wir
e
Electric Current Electric bulb
Incandescent
El
ectri
c fuse W
ires
mad
eu
po
fsp
ecia
lm
ater
ials
that
mel
tq
uic
kly
an
db
rea
kw
he
nh
igh
elec
tric
curr
ents
isp
asse
dth
rou
gh
Fil
amen
tmad
eu
po
ftu
ng
sten
Use
dfo
rli
gh
tin
ge
g.
CF
Ls
an
dL
ED
s
Co
nta
ins
aco
ilo
fwir
e
Eff
ect
of
curr
ent
on
aco
mp
ass
nee
dle
Ele
ctro
mag
net
Electric
Bell
Wh
en e
lect
ric
curr
ent
is s
wit
ched
off
, th
e co
il l
ose
sit
s m
agen
etis
m
Co
nsi
sts
of
a co
ilo
f w
ire
wo
un
d o
nan
iro
n p
iece
Elect
ric
heate
r
electricbulb
Heating Effect of
Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII [ 15
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CHAP
TER
: 15
light
Lig
ht
Lenses
ConvexLen
ses
Conca
ve Lenses
Co
nv
erg
esth
eli
gh
tfa
llin
go
nit
,im
age
form
edis
inv
erte
dan
dre
al
Div
erg
esth
eli
gh
to
utw
ard
.Im
age
form
edis
vir
tual
erec
tan
dsm
alle
rin
size
.
Itis
afo
rmo
fen
erg
y.It
refe
rsto
the
vis
ible
spec
tru
m.
Th
ep
roce
ssth
rou
gh
wh
ich
lig
ht
ray
sfa
llin
go
nth
esu
rfac
eo
nan
ob
ject
are
sen
tb
ack
.
Su
nli
gh
tco
nsi
sts
of
sev
en
colo
rsi.
e.re
,o
ran
ge,
yel
low
,g
reen
,blu
e,in
dig
oan
dv
iole
t.S
un
lig
ht
issa
idto
be
wh
ite
lig
ht.
Pla
ne Mirr
or
Co
nca
ve
Mir
ror
Con
vex
M
irror
Imag
efo
rmed
iser
ecta
nd
of
sam
esi
zeas
the
ob
ject
.
Imag
efo
rmed
can
be
sma
lle
ro
rla
rge
rin
siz
e.It
ma
ya
lso
be
real
or
vir
tual
. Co
nv
erg
es
the
lig
ht
fall
ing
on
it.
Imag
esfo
rmed
isin
ver
ted
and
real
.
16 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII
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CHAP
TER
: 16
wat
er: a
pre
cious
res
our
ces
United
Nations
Th
eam
ou
nt
of
wat
erco
nsu
med
per
per
son
per
day
is50
litr
es.
Resourcesof Water
Sea
,Oce
ans,
riv
ers,
lak
es,i
ceca
ps
asg
rou
nd
wat
eran
din
the
atm
osp
her
e
Wa
ter:
AP
recio
us
Resou
rces
Depletion of
water table
Ra
inW
ater
Ha
rve
stin
g
Mea
ning
Baw
ri’s
Rai
nw
ater
can
be
use
dto
incr
ease
the
lev
elo
fg
rou
nd
wat
er.
Trad
itio
nal
way
ofc
oll
ecti
ng
wat
er.
Tech
niq
ue
of
wat
erin
gp
lan
tsb
ym
akin
gu
seo
fnar
row
tub
es.
IncreasingIndustries
IncreasingPopulation
Cre
ates
dem
and
for
con
stru
ctio
no
fh
ou
ses,
sho
ps,
roa
ds
an
dp
avem
ents
.W
ater
Co
nsu
med
by
ind
ust
ries
Irri
gat
ion
syst
emsu
chas
can
alu
sin
gg
rou
nd
wat
er
Aq
uif
er Infil
tratio
n
Mea
nin
g
Th
esp
ace
bet
wee
np
arti
cles
of
soil
and
gap
sb
etw
een
rock
sar
efi
lled
wit
hw
ater
Th
ep
roce
sso
fse
epin
go
fwat
erin
toth
eg
rou
nd
At
pla
ces
the
gro
un
dw
ater
isst
ore
db
etw
een
lay
ers
of
ha
rdro
ck
bel
ow
the
wat
erta
ble
Water circulate
Inso
lidform
In
Liquid
form
InG
aseo
us
form
So
lid
,Liq
uid
,Gas
Ice
and
sno
wat
the
po
les
oft
he
eart
h
Wat
erV
apo
ur
Wat
eris
pre
sen
tin
oce
ans,
lak
es,r
iver
san
dev
enu
nd
erg
rou
nd
Wa
ter
cycl
e
in three forms
Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII [ 17
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Forest
- O
ur
Lif
eli
ne
Gre
enLu
ngs
Wid
ev
arie
tyo
fan
imal
sh
elp
the
fore
stto
reg
enra
tean
dg
row
.
Ma
inta
inb
ala
nc
eb
etw
een
bio
tic
and
ab
ioti
cfa
cto
rs.
Pro
vid
eo
xyg
enth
rou
gh
ph
oto
syn
thes
isfo
ran
imal
s.
Functions
and
Eva
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ot
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erto
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imal
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ater
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CHAP
TER
: 17
fore
st
- our
lifel
ine
18 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, SCIENCE, Class – VII
To know about more useful books for class-7 click here
CHAP
TER
: 18 w
aste
wat
er s
tory
Wa
ste
Wa
ter
Sto
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ater
Trea
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ith
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om
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Ch
emic
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illm
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Inorg
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ase
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ole
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rate
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ma
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imal
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Slu
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arat
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ved
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orm
achin
e
