Classical Civilization India. The Roots of Civilization in India.
Changes in Civilization
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Transcript of Changes in Civilization
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Changes in CivilizationObjective:The student will analyze the constant
change & evolution of civilizations through factors such as environmental influences, migratory patterns & conflicts.
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WarmUp #1 1. Write a ½-page reflection on:
– “ What is history?”– “How do we know about the past?”
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Introduction to Prehistory
Prehistory: the time before we have any written records
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How do we know about history?
Anthropology– focuses more on culture &
human remains/human fossils.
Archaeology - studies past societies by what they left behind, called artifacts.(tools, household items, weapons, etc.)
Key Concept: We analyze the remains to draw conclusions about people’s lives & culture.
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Paleolithic AgePaleo = old Lithic = stonecirca 1,000,000 BC-18,000 BC lived in caveslearned to control firedeveloped a spoken languageearly religionearly art
Hominids: creatures that walk upright
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Beliefs of Early HumansReligion explains the
workings of nature & the existence of things.
Animism: the belief that all things in nature have spirits.
As Humans progressed, their spiritual practices developed. A few groups of early humans would bury their dead, showing a belief in an afterlife.
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Stone Age People Nomads: moving from place to
place following their food source, the migrating herds of animals
relied on natural resources & lived in small groups
hunter-gatherers: men hunted & women cared for children = survival was necessary!
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Hall of Bulls: Lascaux, France
1. What is the subject of the art?2. Why might the people who made the art have provided more details for some
animals over others?3. What skills & materials would artists have needed to create these images?
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Neolithic Age Neo = new Lithic =
stone 10,000 BC – 4500 BC from pre-pottery to first
pottery domestication of plants &
animals flint tools Mother Goddess (“Earth”) Agricultural Revolution
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Changes duringthe Neolithic Revolution led to the emergence of Civilizations
acquire food on a regular
basis
rise of permanent
villagestrading of
goods, division of
labor
Civilization
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Beginnings of Civilization3 things are needed:
1. people produce surplus food.2. towns or cities with governments.3. people perform specialized jobs.
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Catal Huyuk: a farming village
Analyze the visual on Catal Huyuk on pg. 16 of the text & answer #1 & 2.
~Catal is Turkish for "fork" ~Höyük for "mound”
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Cause Effect Rise of Civilization
People produced weapons and jewelryfor trade. People of Çatal Hüyük traded with neighboring people.
Communities were exposed to newtechnology & different goods. Wealthincreased & society became more complex. People formed armies, built walled cities & developed governments.
Craftspeople in Asia learned to createbronze by melting copper & tin.
The Bronze Age began.
Writing was developed. People began to keep records.
Men became more active in farmingand women cared for the children.
Men took a more dominant role insociety.
The planting of crops & the domestication of animals began.
People had access to a regular food supply; people built settlements, houses & storage shelters that were more permanent.
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Bartering
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From Villages…to Cities! Cities:
– larger, more densely populated–more diversity: many unrelated
people–defensive walls–center of trade for surrounding
areas–more formal organization
temples, palaces, monuments, government buildings & marketplaces
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Characteristics of Civilizations
cities government religion specialization of labor social structure writing/records art/literature
Civilization: a complex society with many characteristics
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Changes in Civilizations 1. Environmental Influences
– dependence on farming: nature could devastate crops & destroy civilizations
– storms/floods: wipe out cities (droughts kill livestock)
– food shortage: weaken a civilization & make it vulnerable to outside attack
– people needed outside resources they lacked trees, metals, stones, etc. TRADE!
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Changes in Civilization 2. Spread of People & Ideas
– movement of people through trade, migration & conquest helps to spread ideas & culture
– traveling merchants: learned new languages
– migrants: brought languages, customs & traditions with them to new areas
– civilizations imposed their own culture on conquered peoples
– Cultural Diffusion: the spread of ideas, beliefs, customs & technology from one culture to the next advances in writing, religion, art, farming, etc.
spread
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Changes in Civilization 3. Expansion & Warfare
– civilizations grew & needed more land & resources to support & sustain their population
– conflicts arose over rich farmland, important sea ports, or regions with valuable resources
– as a result, some civilizations developed into states & kingdoms
– conflicts between nomadic tribal groups & civilizations because of land
– Nomads- usually skilled warriors, domestication of the horse helped nomads & mobility (raided villages & cities)
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Say Hello to John Green! Crash Course:
– the Agricultural Revolution: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I
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Homework #1Develop a civilization of your own!
– What conditions would exist for your civilization to grow, develop & flourish in the ancient world? Must include:
– 1) government/laws– 2) religion– 3) traditions– 4) farming/markets/trade ($)– 5) towns? nomadic people?
Must be at least 1-page in length– complete sentences– detailed & thorough