Challenge A GRAMMAR NOTEBOOK SEMESTER 2 · GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 1 Active Voice – Indicative...
Transcript of Challenge A GRAMMAR NOTEBOOK SEMESTER 2 · GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 1 Active Voice – Indicative...
Challenge A
GRAMMAR NOTEBOOK
SEMESTER 2
GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 1
Active Voice – Indicative Mood
No 163: Imperfect Tense (present stem)
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P laud-ābam I was praising
Singular 2nd P. laud-ābas you were praising
Singular 3rd P. laud-ābat he, she, it were praising
Plural 1st P. laud-ābāmus we were praising
Plural 2nd P. laud-ābātis you were praising
Plural 3rd P. laud-ābant they were praising
No 164: Future Tense (present stem)
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P laud-ābō I will praise (he, she, it will be praising)
Singular 2nd P. laud-ābis you will praise (he, she, it will be praising)
Singular 3rd P. laud-ābit he, she, it will praise (he, she, it will be praising)
Plural 1st P. laud-ābimus we will praise (we will be praising)
Plural 2nd P. laud-ābitis you will praise (you will be praising)
Plural 3rd P. laud-ābunt they will praise (they will be praising)
Additional Rules from Reading:
Imperfect Indicative Active:
1. The imperfect of a verb is formed on the PRESENT STEM.
2. The ending has the a of the first conjugation
3. The FINAL PERSONAL SIGNS are the same as for the present tense.
4. The ending contains a TENSE SIGN: ba (e.g. laud-ā-ba-t), which is ALWAYS
THE SIGN OF THE IMPERFECT TENSE (The Latin verb is thus a sort of CODE
which you learn to decipher.)
Future Indicative Active
1. The future tense is formed on the PRESENT STEM.
2. The ending had the a of the first conjugation
3. The final personal signs are the same as for the present and the imperfect tenses.
4. The ending contains a tense sign, bi (e.g. laud-ā-BI-t) which is the sign of the future in
the FIRST and SECOND conjugations.
Practice for Week 1
Active Voice – Indicative Mood
No 163: Imperfect Tense (present stem)
Practice the imperfect tense by adding the form and meaning using laudō, 1, tr, praise
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P laud-ābam I was praising
Singular 2nd P. laud-ābās You were praising
Singular 3rd P. laud-ābat he, she, it was praising
Plural 1st P. laud-ābāmus we were praising
Plural 2nd P. laud-ābātis you were praising
Plural 3rd P. laud-ābant they were praising
No 164: Future Tense (present stem)
Practice the future tense by adding the form and meaning using laudo, 1, tr, praise
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P laud-ābō I shall praise (I shall be praising)
Singular 2nd P. laud-ābis you will praise (you will be praising)
Singular 3rd P. laud-ābit he, she, it will praise (he, she, it will be praising)
Plural 1st P. laud-ābimus we shall praise (we shall be praising)
Plural 2nd P. laud-ābitis you will praise (you will be praising)
Plural 3rd P. laud-ābunt they will praise (they will be praising)
Practice – Week 1
Review:
Additional Rules from Reading (pg 109, 112):
Imperfect Indicative Active:
5. The imperfect of a verb is formed on the PRESENT STEM.
6. The ending has the a of the first conjugation
7. The FINAL PERSONAL SIGNS are the same as for the present tense.
8. The ending contains a TENSE SIGN: ba (e.g. laud-ā-ba-t), which is ALWAYS
THE SIGN OF THE IMPERFECT TENSE (The Latin verb is thus a sort of CODE
which you learn to decipher.)
Future Indicative Active
5. The future tense is formed on the PRESENT STEM.
6. The ending had the a of the first conjugation
7. The final personal signs are the same as for the present and the imperfect tenses.
8. The ending contains a tense sign, bi (e.g. laud-ā-BI-t) which is the sign of the future in
the FIRST and SECOND conjugations.
Additional Practice for Week 1
Practice the Imperfect tense by filling in form and meaning on the following charts:
IMPERFECT - pugnō, 1., intr. - fight
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P pugn-ābam I was fighting
Singular 2nd P. pugn-ābās You were fighting
Singular 3rd P. pugn-ābat he, she, it was fighting
Plural 1st P. pugn-ābāmus we were fighting
Plural 2nd P. pugn-ābātis you were fighting
Plural 3rd P. pugn-ābant they were fighting
FUTURE - pugnō, 1., intr. - fight
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P pugn-ābō I shall fight (I shall be fighting)
Singular 2nd P. pugn-ābis you will fight (you will be fighting)
Singular 3rd P. pugn-ābit he, she, it will fight (he, she, it will be fighting)
Plural 1st P. pugn-ābimus we shall fight (we shall be fighting)
Plural 2nd P. pugn-ābitis you will fight (you will be fighting)
Plural 3rd P. pugn-ābunt they will fight (they will be fighting)
IMPERFECT - superō, 1. tr. - overcome, conquer, surpass
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P super-ābam I was overcoming
Singular 2nd P. super-ābās You were overcoming
Singular 3rd P. super-ābat he, she, it was overcoming
Plural 1st P. super-ābāmus we were overcoming
Plural 2nd P. super-ābātis you were overcoming
Plural 3rd P. super-ābant they were overcoming
S2W1
FUTURE - superō, 1. tr. - overcome, conquer, surpass
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P super-ābō I shall overcome (I shall be overcoming)
Singular 2nd P. super-ābis you will overcome (you will be overcoming)
Singular 3rd P. super-ābit he, she, it will overcome (he, she, it will be
overcoming)
Plural 1st P. super-ābimus we shall overcome (we shall be overcoming)
Plural 2nd P. super-ābitis you will overcome (you will be overcoming)
Plural 3rd P. super-ābunt they will overcome (they will be overcoming)
IMPERFECT - portō, 1. tr. - carry
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P port-ābam I was carrying
Singular 2nd P. port-ābās You were carrying
Singular 3rd P. port-ābat he, she, it was carrying
Plural 1st P. port-ābāmus we were carrying
Plural 2nd P. port-ābātis you were carrying
Plural 3rd P. port-ābant they were carrying
FUTURE - portō, 1. tr. - carry
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P port-ābō I shall carry (I shall be carrying)
Singular 2nd P. port-ābis you will carry (you will be carrying)
Singular 3rd P. port-ābit he, she, it will carry (he, she, it will be carrying)
Plural 1st P. port-ābimus we shall carry (we shall be carrying)
Plural 2nd P. port-ābitis you will carry (you will be carrying)
Plural 3rd P. port-ābunt they will carry (they will be carrying)
S2W1
IMPERFECT - dō, dāre, dedī, datus, 1, tr. - give
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P d-ābam I was giving
Singular 2nd P. d-ābās You were giving
Singular 3rd P. d-ābat he, she, it was giving
Plural 1st P. d-ābāmus we were giving
Plural 2nd P. d-ābātis you were giving
Plural 3rd P. d-ābant they were giving
FUTURE - dō, dare, dedī, datus, 1, tr. - give
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P d-ābō I shall give (I shall be giving)
Singular 2nd P. d-ābis you will give (you will be giving)
Singular 3rd P. d-ābit he, she, it will give (he, she, it will be giving)
Plural 1st P. d-ābimus we shall give (we shall be giving)
Plural 2nd P. d-ābitis you will give (you will be giving)
Plural 3rd P. d-ābunt they will give (they will be giving)
IMPERFECT - vocō, 1. tr. - call
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P voc-ābam I was calling
Singular 2nd P. voc-ābās You were calling
Singular 3rd P. voc-ābat he, she, it was calling
Plural 1st P. voc-ābāmus we were calling
Plural 2nd P. voc-ābātis you were calling
Plural 3rd P. voc-ābant they were calling
S2W1
FUTURE - vocō, 1. tr. - call
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P d-ābō I shall call (I shall be calling)
Singular 2nd P. d-ābis you will call (you will be calling)
Singular 3rd P. d-ābit he, she, it will call (he, she, it will be calling)
Plural 1st P. d-ābimus we shall call (we shall be calling)
Plural 2nd P. d-ābitis you will call (you will be calling)
Plural 3rd P. d-ābunt they will call (they will be calling)
Review: Nouns
numerus, ī - number
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative numer-us The number Subject
Singular Genitive numer-ī Of the number, the number's Possessive
Singular Dative numer-ō To or for the number Indirect object
Singular Accusative numer-um The number Direct object
Singular Ablative numer-ō By, with, from the number Object of the
Preposition
Plural Nominative numer-ī The numbers Subject
Plural Genitive numer-ōrum Of the numbers, the numbers' Possessive
Plural Dative numer-īs To or for the numbers Indirect object
Plural Accusative numer-ōs the numbers Direct object
Plural Ablative numer-īs By, with, from the numbers Object of the
Preposition
S2W1
centuriō, centuriōnis - a centurion
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative centuriō The centurion Subject
Singular Genitive centuriōn-is Of the centurion, centurion’s Possessive
Singular Dative centuriōn-ī To or for the centurion Indirect object
Singular Accusative centuriōn-em The centurion Direct object
Singular Ablative centuriōn-e By, with, from the centurion Object of the
Preposition
Plural Nominative centuriōn-ēs The centurions Subject
Plural Genitive centuriōn-um Of the centurions,
centurions’
Possessive
Plural Dative centuriōn-ibus To or for the centurions Indirect object
Plural Accusative centuriōn-ēs the centurions Direct object
Plural Ablative centuriōn-ibus By, with, from the centurions Object of the
Preposition
mors, mortis - death
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative mors death, the death Subject
Singular Genitive mort-is of death, death’s Possessive
Singular Dative mort-ī To or for the death Indirect object
Singular Accusative mort -em death, the death Direct object
Singular Ablative mort -e By, with, from the death Object of the
Preposition
Plural Nominative mort -ēs deaths, the deaths Subject
Plural Genitive mort -ium Of deaths, deaths’ Possessive
Plural Dative mort -ibus To or for deaths Indirect object
Plural Accusative mort -ēs deaths Direct object
Plural Ablative mort -ibus By, with, from deaths Object of the
Preposition
S2W1
hīberna, hībernōrum – winter quarters
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative None Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the
Preposition
Plural Nominative hībern -ā winter quarters, the winter
quarters
Subject
Plural Genitive hībern-ōrum Of the winter quarters; winter
quarters’
Possessive
Plural Dative hībern -īs To or for the winter quarters Indirect object
Plural Accusative hībern -a winter quarters, the winter
quarters
Direct object
Plural Ablative hībern -īs By, with, from the winter
quarters
Object of the
Preposition
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GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 2
No. 123:
First Person
Number Case Form Meaning
Singular Nominative ego I
Singular Genitive meī of me, of myself
Singular Dative mihi to me, to myself
Singular Accusative me me, myself
Singular Ablative me (by, etc.) me, myself
Plural Nominative nōs we
Plural Genitive nostrī
nostrum
of us, of ourselves
Plural Dative nobis to us, to ourselves
Plural Accusative nōs us, ourselves
Plural Ablative nobis (by, etc.) us, ourselves
Footnotes:
mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc.
Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684)
Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)
Week 2
No. 124:
2nd Person Pronouns
Number Case Form Meaning
Singular Nominative tū you
Singular Genitive tuī of you, of yourself
Singular Dative tibi to you, to yourself
Singular Accusative tē you, yourself
Singular Ablative tē (by, etc.) you,
yourself
Plural Nominative vōs you
Plural Genitive vestrī
vestrum
of you, yourselves
Plural Dative vōbis to you, yourselves
Plural Accusative vōs you, yourselves
Plural Ablative vōbis (by, etc.) you,
yourselves
No. 128 B. Non-reflexive
Num Case Masc Fem Neuter
Sing Nom is he ea she id it
Sing Gen ējus of him
his
ējus of her
her
ējus of it
its
Sing Dat eī to or for
him
eī to or for
her
eī to or for it
Sing Acc eum him eam her id it
Sing Abl. eō (by, etc)
him
eā (by, etc)
her
eō (by, etc) it
Pl Nom eī they eae they ea they (those things)
Pl Gen eōrum of them
their
eārum of them
their
eōrum of them
their
Pl Dat eīs to or for
them
eīs to or for
them
eīs to or for them
Pl Acc eōs them eās them ea them (those things)
Pl Abl. eīs (by, etc)
them
eīs (by, etc)
them
eīs (by, etc) them
Practice – Week 2
No. 123:
First Person
Add form and meaning for ego, meī
Person Case Form Meaning
Singular Nominative ego I
Singular Genitive meī of me, of myself
Singular Dative mihi to me, to myself
Singular Accusative me me, myself
Singular Ablative me (by, etc.) me, myself
Plural Nominative nōs we
Plural Genitive nostrī
nostrum
of us, of ourselves
Plural Dative nobis to us, to ourselves
Plural Accusative nōs us, ourselves
Plural Ablative nobis (by, etc.) us, ourselves
No. 124:
2nd Person Pronouns Add form and meaning for tū, tuī
Number Case Form Meaning
Singular Nominative tū you
Singular Genitive tuī of you, of yourself
Singular Dative tibi to you, to yourself
Singular Accusative tē you, yourself
Singular Ablative tē (by, etc.) you,
yourself
Plural Nominative vōs you
Plural Genitive vestrī
vestrum
of you, yourselves
Plural Dative vōbis to you, yourselves
Plural Accusative vōs you, yourselves
Plural Ablative vōbis (by, etc.) you,
yourselves
S2W2
No. 128 B. Non-reflexive
Fill in below chart:
Masc Fem Neuter
Sing Nom is he ea she id it
Sing Gen ējus of him
his
ējus of her
her
ējus of it
its
Sing Dat eī to or for him eī to or for her eī to or for it
Sing Acc eum him eam her id it
Sing Abl. eō (by, etc) him eā (by, etc) her eō (by, etc) it
Pl Nom eī they eae they ea they (those
things)
Pl Gen eōrum of them
their
eārum of them
their
eōrum of them
their
Pl Dat eīs to or for them eīs to or for them eīs to or for them
Pl Acc eōs them eās them ea them (those
things)
Pl Abl. eīs (by, etc) them eīs (by, etc) them eīs (by, etc) them
Additional Practice for week 2
Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary with the following chart:
locus, ī – (pl., loca, locōrum) - place
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative loc-us The place Subject
Singular Genitive loc- ī Of the place, the place's Possessive
Singular Dative loc-ō To or for the place Indirect object
Singular Accusative loc-um The place Direct object
Singular Ablative loc-ō By, with, from the place Object of the
Preposition
Plural Nominative loc -ā places, the places Subject
Plural Genitive loc-ōrum Of the places; places’ Possessive
Plural Dative loc -īs To or for the places Indirect object
Plural Accusative loc -a places, the places Direct object
Plural Ablative loc -īs By, with, from the places Object of the
Preposition
Decline adjectives from the vocabulary
aliēnus, a, um - unfavorable, another's, foreign
Masculine
like servus
Feminine
like porta
Neuter
like bellum
Singular Nominative aliēn-us aliēn-a aliēn-um
Singular Genitive aliēn-ī aliēn-ae aliēn-ī
Singular Dative aliēn-ō aliēn-ae aliēn-ō
Singular Accusative aliēn-um aliēn-am aliēn-um
Singular Ablative aliēn-ō aliēn-ā aliēn-ō
Plural Nominative aliēn-ī aliēn-ae aliēn-a
Plural Genitive aliēn-ōrum aliēn-ārum aliēn-ōrum
Plural Dative aliēn-īs aliēn-īs aliēn-īs
Plural Accusative aliēn-ōs aliēn-ās aliēn-ā
Plural Ablative aliēn-īs aliēn-īs aliēn-īs
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GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 3
Practice for Week 3
Review
Active Voice – Indicative Mood
No 163: Imperfect Tense (present stem)
Practice the imperfect tense by adding the form and meaning using laudō, 1, tr, praise
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P laud-ābam I was praising
Singular 2nd P. laud-ābās You were praising
Singular 3rd P. laud-ābat he, she, it was praising
Plural 1st P. laud-ābāmus we were praising
Plural 2nd P. laud-ābātis you were praising
Plural 3rd P. laud-ābant they were praising
No 164: Future Tense (present stem)
Practice the future tense by adding the form and meaning using laudo, 1, tr, praise
Number Person Form Meaning
Singular 1st P laud-ābō I shall praise (I shall be praising)
Singular 2nd P. laud-ābis you will praise (you will be praising)
Singular 3rd P. laud-ābit he, she, it will praise (he, she, it will be praising)
Plural 1st P. laud-ābimus we shall praise (we shall be praising)
Plural 2nd P. laud-ābitis you will praise (you will be praising)
Plural 3rd P. laud-ābunt they will praise (they will be praising)
Additional Practice for Week 3
Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary using the following charts:
ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis - speech, prayer
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative ōrātiō speech, the speech Subject
Singular Genitive ōrātiōn-is Of the speech, speech’s Possessive
Singular Dative ōrātiōn-ī To or for the speech Indirect object
Singular Accusative ōrātiōn-em speech, the speech Direct object
Singular Ablative ōrātiōn-e By, with, from the speech Object of the
Preposition
Plural Nominative ōrātiōn-ēs speeches, The speeches Subject
Plural Genitive ōrātiōn-um Of the speeches, specches’ Possessive
Plural Dative ōrātiōn-ibus To or for the speeches Indirect object
Plural Accusative ōrātiōn-ēs speeches, the speeches Direct object
Plural Ablative ōrātiōn-ibus By, with, from the speeches Object of the
Preposition
GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 4
No: 165 : Present Tense (present stem) : I advise
mon-eō – I advise, I am advising, I do advise
mon-ēs - You advise, You are advising, You do advise
mon-et - he, she, it advises; he, she, it is advising; he, she it does advise
mon-ēmus – we advise, we are advising, we do advise
mon-ētis - You advise, You are advising, You do advise
mon-ent – they advise, they are advising, they do advise
No: 168 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was advising
mon-ēbam- I was advising
mon-ēbas - you were advising
mon-ēbat – he, she, it was advising
mon-ēbāmus – we were advising
mon-ēbātis – you were advising
mon-ēbant – they were advising
No. 171: Future Tense (present stem): I shall advise
mon-ēbō – I shall advise (you shall be advising)
mon-ēbis – you will advise (you will be advising)
mon-ēbit – he, she, it will advise (he, she, it will be advising)
mon-ēbimus – we shall advise (we shall be advising)
mon-ēbitis – you will advise (you will be advising)
mon-ēbunt – they will advise (they will be advising)
Additional Rules from the Reading:
1. All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in -ĒRE belong to the second conjugation.
2. Model for moneō
1. Find the stem by dropping the ending of the present infinitive active, thus: monēre,
STEM: mon-.
2. Add -eō for the first person present indicative active.
3. For the other endings use the endings of the first conjugation but change the first a of the
endings to e.
Practice for Week 4
Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Present Tense (present stem)
No. 165.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mon-eō
I advise, I am advising, I do advise
Singular 2nd P mon-ēs You advise, You are advising, You do advise
Singular 3rd P mon-et he, she, it advises; he, she, it is advising;
he, she it does advise
Plural 1st P mon-ēmus we advise, we are advising, we do advise
Plural 2nd P mon-ēbitis You advise, You are advising, You do advise
Plural 3rd P mon-ent they advise, they are advising, they do
advise
Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Imperfect Tense (present stem)
No. 168.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mon-ēbam I was advising
Singular 2nd P mon-ēbas you were advising
Singular 3rd P mon-ēbat he, she, it was advising
Plural 1st P mon-ēbāmus we were advising
Plural 2nd P mon-ēbātis you were advising
Plural 3rd P mon-ēbant they were advising
Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Future Tense (present stem)
No. 171.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mon-ēbō I shall advise (I shall be advising)
Singular 2nd P mon-ēbis you will advise (you will be advising)
Singular 3rd P mon-ēbis he, she, it will advise (he, she, it will be
advising)
Plural 1st P mon-ēbimus we shall advise (we shall be advising)
Plural 2nd P mon-ēbitis you will advise (you will be advising)
Plural 3rd P mon-ēbunt they will advise (they will be advising)
S2W4
Review: Additional Rules from the Reading:
1. All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in -ĒRE belong to the second conjugation.
2. Model for moneō
1. Find the stem by dropping the ending of the present infinitive active, thus: monēre,
STEM: mon-.
2. Add -eō for the first person present indicative active.
3. For the other endings use the endings of the first conjugation but change the first a of the
endings to e.
Additional Practice for Week 4
Give form and meaning for timeō, timēre, timuī, 2 tr. – fear in the Present Tense (present
stem) (No. 165)
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P tim-eō
I fear, I am fearing, I do fear
Singular 2nd P tim-ēs You fear, You are fearing, You do fear
Singular 3rd P tim-et he, she, it fears; he, she, it is fearing; he,
she it does fear
Plural 1st P tim-ēmus we fear, we are fearing, we do fear
Plural 2nd P tim-ēbitis You fear, You are fearing, You do fear
Plural 3rd P tim-ent they fear, they are fearing, they do fear
Give form and meaning for timeō, timēre, timuī, 2 tr. – fear in the Imperfect Tense (present
stem)
(No. 168)
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P tim-ēbam I was fearing
Singular 2nd P tim-ēbas you were fearing
Singular 3rd P tim-ēbat he, she, it was fearing
Plural 1st P tim-ēbāmus we were fearing
Plural 2nd P tim-ēbātis you were fearing
Plural 3rd P tim-ēbant they were fearing
Give form and meaning for timeō, timēre, timuī, 2 tr. – fear in the Future Tense (present stem)
(No. 171)
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P tim-ēbō I shall fear (I shall be fearing)
Singular 2nd P tim-ēbis you will fear (you will be fearing)
Singular 3rd P tim-ēbis he, she, it will fear (he, she, it will be
fearing)
Plural 1st P tim-ēbimus we shall fear (we shall be fearing)
Plural 2nd P tim-ēbitis you will fear (you will be fearing)
Plural 3rd P tim-ēbunt they will fear (they will be fearing)
S2W4
Give form and meaning for terreō, 2, tr. – terrify in the Present Tense (present stem) (No. 165)
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P terr-eō
I terrify, I am terrifying, I do terrify
Singular 2nd P terr-ēs You terrify, You are terrifying, You do
terrify
Singular 3rd P terr-et he, she, it terrifys; he, she, it is terrifying;
he, she it does terrify
Plural 1st P terr-ēmus we terrify, we are terrifying, we do terrify
Plural 2nd P terr-ēbitis You terrify, You are terrifying, You do
terrify
Plural 3rd P terr-ent they terrify, they are terrifying, they do
terrify
Give form and meaning for terreō, 2, tr. – terrify fear in the Imperfect Tense (present stem)
(No. 168)
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P terr-ēbam I was terrifying
Singular 2nd P terr-ēbas you were terrifying
Singular 3rd P terr-ēbat he, she, it was terrifying
Plural 1st P terr-ēbāmus we were terrifying
Plural 2nd P terr-ēbātis you were terrifying
Plural 3rd P terr-ēbant they were terrifying
Give form and meaning for terreō, 2, tr. – terrify in the Future Tense (present stem)
(No. 171)
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P terr-ēbō I shall terrify (I shall be terrifying)
Singular 2nd P terr-ēbis you will terrify (you will be terrifying)
Singular 3rd P terr-ēbis he, she, it will terrify (he, she, it will be
terrifying)
Plural 1st P terr-ēbimus we shall terrify (we shall be terrifying)
Plural 2nd P terr-ēbitis you will terrify (you will be terrifying)
Plural 3rd P terr-ēbunt they will terrify (they will be terrifying)
S2W4
Give form and meaning for habeō, 2, tr. - have in the Present Tense (present stem) (No. 165)
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P hab-eō
I have, I am having, I do have
Singular 2nd P hab-ēs You have, You are having, You do have
Singular 3rd P hab-et he, she, it haves; he, she, it is having; he,
she it does have
Plural 1st P hab-ēmus we have, we are having, we do have
Plural 2nd P hab-ēbitis You have, You are having, You do have
Plural 3rd P hab-ent they have, they are having, they do have
Give form and meaning for habeō, 2, tr. - have in the Imperfect Tense (present stem)
(No. 168)
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P hab-ēbam I was having
Singular 2nd P hab-ēbas you were having
Singular 3rd P hab-ēbat he, she, it was having
Plural 1st P hab-ēbāmus we were having
Plural 2nd P hab-ēbātis you were having
Plural 3rd P hab-ēbant they were having
Give form and meaning for habeō, 2, tr. - have in the Future Tense (present stem)
(No. 171)
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P hab-ēbō I shall have (I shall be having)
Singular 2nd P hab-ēbis you will have (you will be having)
Singular 3rd P hab-ēbis he, she, it will have (he, she, it will be
having)
Plural 1st P hab-ēbimus we shall have (we shall be having)
Plural 2nd P hab-ēbitis you will have (you will be having)
Plural 3rd P hab-ēbunt they will have (they will be having)
S2W4
Review: Nouns
arma, armōrum – arms
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative None Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the
Preposition
Plural Nominative arm -ā arms, the arms Subject
Plural Genitive arm-ōrum Of the arms; arms’ Possessive
Plural Dative arm -īs To or for the arms Indirect object
Plural Accusative arm -a arms, the arms Direct object
Plural Ablative arm-īs By, with, from the arms Object of the
Preposition
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GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 5
Review of Week 4
Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Present Tense (present stem)
No. 165.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mon-eō
I advise, I am advising, I do advise
Singular 2nd P mon-ēs You advise, You are advising, You do advise
Singular 3rd P mon-et he, she, it advises; he, she, it is advising;
he, she it does advise
Plural 1st P mon-ēmus we advise, we are advising, we do advise
Plural 2nd P mon-ēbitis You advise, You are advising, You do advise
Plural 3rd P mon-ent they advise, they are advising, they do
advise
Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Imperfect Tense (present stem)
No. 168.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mon-ēbam I was advising
Singular 2nd P mon-ēbas you were advising
Singular 3rd P mon-ēbat he, she, it was advising
Plural 1st P mon-ēbāmus we were advising
Plural 2nd P mon-ēbātis you were advising
Plural 3rd P mon-ēbant they were advising
Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Future Tense (present stem)
No. 171.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mon-ēbō I shall advise (I shall be advising)
Singular 2nd P mon-ēbis you will advise (you will be advising)
Singular 3rd P mon-ēbis he, she, it will advise (he, she, it will be
advising)
Plural 1st P mon-ēbimus we shall advise (we shall be advising)
Plural 2nd P mon-ēbitis you will advise (you will be advising)
Plural 3rd P mon-ēbunt they will advise (they will be advising)
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GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 6
Review Rules for #123 and #124
No. 346 – Indicative Present
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P sum I am
Singular 2nd P es You are
Singular 3rd P est he, she, it is
Plural 1st P sumus we are
Plural 2nd P estis you are
Plural 3rd P sunt they are
Additional Rules from the Reading:
Personal Pronouns:
1. Pronouns of the FIRST person are those which refer to the SPEAKER OR WRITER. In
English they are: I (ME), WE (US).
2. Pronouns of the SECOND person are those which refer to the person spoken TO. In
English they are: YOU (THOU, THEE, YE)
3. Pronouns of the THIRD person are those which refer to the person or thing spoken or
written ABOUT. In English they are : HE (HIM), SHE (HER), IT, THEY (THEM)
Practice for Week 6
No. 123:
First Person
Number Case Form Meaning
Singular Nominative ego I
Singular Genitive meī of me, of myself
Singular Dative mihi to me, to myself
Singular Accusative me me, myself
Singular Ablative me (by, etc.) me, myself
Plural Nominative nōs we
Plural Genitive nostrī
nostrum
of us, of ourselves
Plural Dative nobis to us, to ourselves
Plural Accusative nōs us, ourselves
Plural Ablative nobis (by, etc.) us, ourselves
Footnotes:
mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc.
Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684)
Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)
S2W6
No. 124:
2nd Person Pronouns
Number Case Form Meaning
Singular Nominative tū you
Singular Genitive tuī of you, of yourself
Singular Dative tibi to you, to yourself
Singular Accusative tē you, yourself
Singular Ablative tē (by, etc.) you,
yourself
Plural Nominative vōs you
Plural Genitive vestrī
vestrum
of you, yourselves
Plural Dative vōbis to you, yourselves
Plural Accusative vōs you, yourselves
Plural Ablative vōbis (by, etc.) you,
yourselves
Practice Indicative Active of Sum
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P sum I am
Singular 2nd P es You are
Singular 3rd P est he, she, it is
Plural 1st P sumus we are
Plural 2nd P estis you are
Plural 3rd P sunt they are
Review:
Additional Rules from the Reading:
Personal Pronouns:
1. Pronouns of the FIRST person are those which refer to the SPEAKER OR WRITER. In
English they are: I (ME), WE (US).
2. Pronouns of the SECOND person are those which refer to the person spoken TO. In
English they are: YOU (THOU, THEE, YE)
3. Pronouns of the THIRD person are those which refer to to the person or thing spoken or
written ABOUT. In English they are : HE (HIM), SHE (HER), IT, THEY (THEM)
Additional Practice for Week 6
Give form and meaning for videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus, 2. tr. – see in the Present Tense (present
stem)
No. 165.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P vid-eō
I see, I am seeing, I do see
Singular 2nd P vid-ēs You see, You are seeing, You do see
Singular 3rd P vid-et he, she, it sees; he, she, it is seeing; he, she
it does see
Plural 1st P vid-ēmus we see, we are seeing, we do see
Plural 2nd P vid-ēbitis You see, You are seeing, You do see
Plural 3rd P vid-ent they see, they are seeing, they do see
Give form and meaning for videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus, 2. tr. – see in the Imperfect Tense (present
stem)
No. 168.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P vid-ēbam I was seeing
Singular 2nd P vid-ēbas you were seeing
Singular 3rd P vid-ēbat he, she, it was seeing
Plural 1st P vid-ēbāmus we were seeing
Plural 2nd P vid-ēbātis you were seeing
Plural 3rd P vid-ēbant they were seeing
Give form and meaning for videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus, 2. tr. – see in the Future Tense (present
stem)
No. 171.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P vid-ēbō I shall see (I shall be seeing)
Singular 2nd P vid-ēbis you will see (you will be seeing)
Singular 3rd P vid-ēbis he, she, it will see (he, she, it will be seeing)
Plural 1st P vid-ēbimus we shall see (we shall be seeing)
Plural 2nd P vid-ēbitis you will see (you will be seeing)
Plural 3rd P vid-ēbunt they will see (they will be seeing)
S2W6
Give form and meaning for teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus, 2., tr. - hold in the Present Tense
(present stem)
No. 165.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P ten-eō
I hold, I am holding, I do hold
Singular 2nd P ten-ēs You hold, You are holding, You do hold
Singular 3rd P ten-et he, she, it holds; he, she, it is holding; he,
she it does hold
Plural 1st P ten-ēmus we hold, we are holding, we do hold
Plural 2nd P ten-ēbitis You hold, You are holding, You do hold
Plural 3rd P ten-ent they hold, they are holding, they do hold
Give form and meaning for teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus, 2., tr. - hold in the Imperfect Tense
(present stem)
No. 168.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P ten-ēbam I was holding
Singular 2nd P ten-ēbas you were holding
Singular 3rd P ten-ēbat he, she, it was holding
Plural 1st P ten-ēbāmus we were holding
Plural 2nd P ten-ēbātis you were holding
Plural 3rd P ten-ēbant they were holding
Give form and meaning for teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus, 2., tr. - hold. – in the Future Tense
(present stem)
No. 171.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P ten-ēbō I shall hold (I shall be holding)
Singular 2nd P ten-ēbis you will hold (you will be holding)
Singular 3rd P ten-ēbis he, she, it will hold (he, she, it will be
holding)
Plural 1st P ten-ēbimus we shall hold (we shall be holding)
Plural 2nd P ten-ēbitis you will hold (you will be holding)
Plural 3rd P ten-ēbunt they will hold (they will be holding)
S2W6
Give form and meaning for moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus, 2., tr. - move in the Present Tense
(present stem)
No. 165.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mov-eō
I move, I am moving, I do move
Singular 2nd P mov-ēs You move, You are moving, You do move
Singular 3rd P mov-et he, she, it moves; he, she, it is moving; he,
she it does move
Plural 1st P mov-ēmus we move, we are moving, we do move
Plural 2nd P mov-ēbitis You move, You are moving, You do move
Plural 3rd P mov-ent they move, they are moving, they do move
Give form and meaning for moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus, 2., tr. - move in the Imperfect Tense
(present stem)
No. 168.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mov-ēbam I was moving
Singular 2nd P mov-ēbas you were moving
Singular 3rd P mov-ēbat he, she, it was moving
Plural 1st P mov-ēbāmus we were moving
Plural 2nd P mov-ēbātis you were moving
Plural 3rd P mov-ēbant they were moving
Give form and meaning for moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus, 2., tr. - – move in the Future Tense
(present stem)
No. 171.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mov-ēbō I shall move (I shall be moving)
Singular 2nd P mov-ēbis you will move (you will be moving)
Singular 3rd P mov-ēbis he, she, it will move (he, she, it will be
moving)
Plural 1st P mov-ēbimus we shall move (we shall be moving)
Plural 2nd P mov-ēbitis you will move (you will be moving)
Plural 3rd P mov-ēbunt they will move (they will be moving)
GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 7
No. 128 B. Non-reflexive
Masc Fem Neuter
Sing Nom is he ea she id it
Sing Gen ējus of him
his
ējus of her
her
ējus of it
its
Sing Dat eī to or for
him
eī to or for
her
eī to or for it
Sing Acc eum him eam her id it
Sing Abl. eō (by, etc)
him
eā (by, etc)
her
eō (by, etc) it
Pl Nom eī they eae they ea they (those things)
Pl Gen eōrum of them
their
eārum of them
their
eōrum of them
their
Pl Dat eīs to or for
them
eīs to or for
them
eīs to or for them
Pl Acc eōs them eās them ea them (those things)
Pl Abl. eīs (by, etc)
them
eīs (by, etc)
them
eīs (by, etc) them
No. 129 Note: 1. The meanings given for the masculine and feminine of is, ea, id hold only
when the pronouns refers to PERSONS. Otherwise all forms are translated as in the neuter.
Urbem cēpit. Posteā eam incendit. He took the city,. Afterwards, he burned it.
No 479
A pronoun agrees with the word to which it refers, in gender and number; its case
depends on its use in sits own clause
Practice for Week 7
No. 128 B. Non-reflexive
Fill in below chart:
Masc Fem Neuter
Sing Nom is he ea she id it
Sing Gen ējus of him
his
ējus of her
her
ējus of it
its
Sing Dat eī to or for him eī to or for her eī to or for it
Sing Acc eum him eam her id it
Sing Abl. eō (by, etc) him eā (by, etc) her eō (by, etc) it
Pl Nom eī they eae they ea they (those
things)
Pl Gen eōrum of them
their
eārum of them
their
eōrum of them
their
Pl Dat eīs to or for them eīs to or for them eīs to or for them
Pl Acc eōs them eās them ea them (those
things)
Pl Abl. eīs (by, etc) them eīs (by, etc) them eīs (by, etc) them
Copy Grammar rules:
# 129 Note: 1. The meanings given for the masculine and feminine of is, ea, id hold only
when the pronouns refers to PERSONS. Otherwise all forms are translated as in the neuter.
# 479 A pronoun agrees with the word to which it refers, in gender and number; its case
depends on its use in sits own clause
Additional Practice for Week 7
Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary using the following charts:
fīnēs, fīnium, m. - territory (plural noun from the 3rd declension)
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative None Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the
Preposition
Plural Nominative fīn-ēs territory Subject
Plural Genitive fīn-ium Of the territory Possessive
Plural Dative fīn-ibus To or for the territory Indirect object
Plural Accusative fīn-ēs the territory Direct object
Plural Ablative fīn-ibus By, with, from the territory Object of the
Preposition
S2W7
Give form and meaning for sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentus, 2., tr. - sustain, withstand
in the Present Tense (present stem)
No. 165.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P sustin-eō
I sustain, I am sustaining, I do sustain
Singular 2nd P sustin-ēs You sustain, You are sustaining, You do
sustain
Singular 3rd P sustin-et he, she, it sustains; he, she, it is sustaining;
he, she it does sustain
Plural 1st P sustin-ēmus we sustain, we are sustaining, we do sustain
Plural 2nd P sustin-ēbitis You sustain, You are sustaining, You do
sustain
Plural 3rd P sustin-ent they sustain, they are sustaining, they do
sustain
Give form and meaning for sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentus, 2., tr. - sustain, withstand
in the Imperfect Tense (present stem)
No. 168.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P sustin-ēbam I was sustaining
Singular 2nd P sustin-ēbas you were sustaining
Singular 3rd P sustin-ēbat he, she, it was sustaining
Plural 1st P sustin-ēbāmus we were sustaining
Plural 2nd P sustin-ēbātis you were sustaining
Plural 3rd P sustin-ēbant they were sustaining
Give form and meaning for sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentus, 2., tr. - sustain, withstand
in the Future Tense (present stem)
No. 171.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P sustin-ēbō I shall sustain (I shall be sustaining)
Singular 2nd P sustin-ēbis you will sustain (you will be sustaining)
Singular 3rd P sustin-ēbis he, she, it will sustain (he, she, it will be
sustaining)
Plural 1st P sustin-ēbimus we shall sustain (we shall be sustaining)
Plural 2nd P sustin-ēbitis you will sustain (you will be sustaining)
Plural 3rd P sustin-ēbunt they will sustain (they will be sustaining)
GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 8
No. 127 a) Reflexive
Nom. …........... …..............
Gen suī of himself, herself, itself, themselves
Dat. sibi to himself, herself, itself, themselves
Acc sē (sēsē) himself, herself, itself, themselves
Abl sē (sēsē) (by, etc.) himself, herself, itself, themselves
Eī sē laudābant. They were praising themselves.
Marīa sē nōn laudat. Mary does not praise herself.
Caesar sē laudābat. Caesar was praising himself.
Legiō sē laudābat. The legion was praising itself.
Additional Rule from Reading:
A pronoun that refers back to the subject of its own clause is called a direct reflexive.
Practice for Week 8
No. 127 a) Reflexive
Form Meaning
Nom --- -----
Gen suī of himself, herself, itself, themselves
Dat sibi to himself, herself, itself, themselves
Acc sē (sēsē) himself, herself, itself, themselves
Abl sē (sēsē) (by, etc.) himself, herself, itself, themselves
Eī sē laudābant. They were praising themselves.
Marīa sē nōn laudat. Mary does not praise herself.
Caesar sē laudābat. Caesar was praising himself.
Legiō sē laudābat. The legion was praising itself.
Additional Rule from Reading:
A pronoun that refers back to the subject of its own clause is called a direct reflexive.
GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 9
Active Voice – Indicative Mood
No: 166 : Present Tense (present stem) : I send
mitt-ō – I send, I am sending, I do send
mitt-is – you send, you are sending, you do send
mitt-it – he, she, it sends; he, she, it is sending; he, she, it does send
mitt-imus – we send, we are sending, we do send
mitt-itis – you send, you are sending, you do send
mitt-unt – they send, they are sending, they do send
No: 169 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was sending
mitt-ēbam – I was sending
mitt-ēbās – you were sending
mitt-ēbat – he, she, it was sending
mitt-ēbāmus – we were sending
mitt-ēbātis – you were sending
mitt-ēbant – they were sending
Additional rules from reading:
Future Indicative Active of Mittō
The future indicative active of the third conjugation is quite different from that of the first and
second. The personal signs are the SAME, but there is NO TENSE SIGN and the VOWEL of the
endings change.
Practice for Week 9
No 166: Present Tense (present stem)
Give form and meaning for mittō, 3. tr., send for the present tense.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mitt-ō I send, I am sending, I do send
Singular 2nd P mitt-is you send, you are sending, you do send
Singular 3rd P mitt-it he, she, it sends; he, she, it is sending; he,
she, it does send
Plural 1st P mitt-imus we send, we are sending, we do send
Plural 2nd P mitt-itis you send, you are sending, you do send
Plural 3rd P mitt-unt you send, you are sending, you do send
No 169: Imperfect Tense (present stem)
Give form and meaning for mittō, 3. tr., send for the imperfect tense.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mitt-ēbam I was sending
Singular 2nd P mitt-ēbās you were sending
Singular 3rd P mitt-ēbat he, she it, was sending
Plural 1st P mitt-ēbāmus we were sending
Plural 2nd P mitt-ēbātis you were sending
Plural 3rd P mitt-ēbant they were sending
Review:
Additional rules from reading:
Future Indicative Active of Mittō
The future indicative active of the third conjugation is quite different from that of the first and
second. The personal signs are the SAME, but there is NO TENSE SIGN and the VOWEL of the
endings change.
Additional Practice for Week 9
Give form and meaning for dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus, 3, tr. - lead, guide in the Present Tense
(present stem)
No. 166.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P dūc-ō I lead, I am leading, I do lead
Singular 2nd P dūc-is you lead, you are leading, you do lead
Singular 3rd P dūc-it he, she, it leads; he, she, it is leading; he,
she, it does lead
Plural 1st P dūc-imus we lead, we are leading, we do lead
Plural 2nd P dūc-itis you lead, you are leading, you do lead
Plural 3rd P dūc-unt you lead, you are leading, you do lead
Give form and meaning for dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus, 3, tr. - lead, guide in the Imperfect
Tense (present stem)
No. 169.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P dūc-ēbam I was leading
Singular 2nd P dūc-ēbās you were leading
Singular 3rd P dūc-ēbat he, she it, was leading
Plural 1st P dūc-ēbāmus we were leading
Plural 2nd P dūc-ēbātis you were leading
Plural 3rd P dūc-ēbant they were leading
Give form and meaning for gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus, 3. tr. - carry, carry on in the Present
Tense (present stem)
No. 166.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P ger-ō I carry, I am carrying, I do carry
Singular 2nd P ger-is you carry, you are carrying, you do carry
Singular 3rd P ger-it he, she, it carrys; he, she, it is carrying; he,
she, it does carry
Plural 1st P ger-imus we carry, we are carrying, we do carry
Plural 2nd P ger-itis you carry, you are carrying, you do carry
Plural 3rd P ger-unt you carry, you are carrying, you do carry
S2W9
Give form and meaning for gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus, 3. tr. - carry, carry on in the Imperfect
Tense (present stem)
No. 169.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P ger-ēbam I was carrying
Singular 2nd P ger-ēbās you were carrying
Singular 3rd P ger-ēbat he, she it, was carrying
Plural 1st P ger-ēbāmus we were carrying
Plural 2nd P ger-ēbātis you were carrying
Plural 3rd P ger-ēbant they were carrying
Give form and meaning for dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus, 3. tr. – defend in the Present
Tense (present stem)
No. 166.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P dēfend-ō I defend, I am defending, I do defend
Singular 2nd P dēfend-is you defend, you are defending, you do
defend
Singular 3rd P dēfend-it he, she, it defends; he, she, it is defending;
he, she, it does defend
Plural 1st P dēfend-imus we defend, we are defending, we do defend
Plural 2nd P dēfend-itis you defend, you are defending, you do
defend
Plural 3rd P dēfend-unt you defend, you are defending, you do
defend
Give form and meaning for dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus, 3. tr. – defend in the
Imperfect Tense (present stem)
No. 169.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P dēfend-ēbam I was defending
Singular 2nd P dēfend-ēbās you were defending
Singular 3rd P dēfend-ēbat he, she it, was defending
Plural 1st P dēfend-ēbāmus we were defending
Plural 2nd P dēfend-ēbātis you were defending
Plural 3rd P dēfend-ēbant they were defending
S2W9
Give form and meaning for īnstruō, īnstruere, īnstrūxī, īnstrūctus, 3. tr. - draw up, equip in the
Present Tense (present stem)
No. 166.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P īnstru-ō I equip, I am equiping, I do equip
Singular 2nd P īnstru-is you equip, you are equiping, you do equip
Singular 3rd P īnstru-it he, she, it equips; he, she, it is equiping; he,
she, it does equip
Plural 1st P īnstru-imus we equip, we are equiping, we do equip
Plural 2nd P īnstru-itis you equip, you are equiping, you do equip
Plural 3rd P īnstru-unt you equip, you are equiping, you do equip
Give form and meaning for īnstruō, īnstruere, īnstrūxī, īnstrūctus, 3. tr. - draw up, equip in the
Imperfect Tense (present stem)
No. 169.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P īnstru-ēbam I was equiping
Singular 2nd P īnstru-ēbās you were equiping
Singular 3rd P īnstru-ēbat he, she it, was equiping
Plural 1st P īnstru-ēbāmus we were equiping
Plural 2nd P īnstru-ēbātis you were equiping
Plural 3rd P īnstru-ēbant they were equiping
Give form and meaning for vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus, 3. tr. - conquer in the Present Tense
(present stem)
No. 166.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P vinc-ō I conquer, I am conquering, I do conquer
Singular 2nd P vinc-is you conquer, you are conquering, you do
conquer
Singular 3rd P vinc-it he, she, it conquers; he, she, it is
conquering; he, she, it does conquer
Plural 1st P vinc-imus we conquer, we are conquering, we do
conquer
Plural 2nd P vinc-itis you conquer, you are conquering, you do
conquer
Plural 3rd P vinc-unt you conquer, you are conquering, you do
conquer
S2W9
Give form and meaning for vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus, 3. tr. - conquer in the Imperfect Tense
(present stem)
No. 169.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P vinc-ēbam I was conquering
Singular 2nd P vinc-ēbās you were conquering
Singular 3rd P vinc-ēbat he, she it, was conquering
Plural 1st P vinc-ēbāmus we were conquering
Plural 2nd P vinc-ēbātis you were conquering
Plural 3rd P vinc-ēbant they were conquering
Give form and meaning for petō, petere, petīvī, petītus, 3. tr. - seek, beg, request in the Present
Tense (present stem)
No. 166.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P pet-ō I seek, I am seeking, I do seek
Singular 2nd P pet-is you seek, you are seeking, you do seek
Singular 3rd P pet-it he, she, it seeks; he, she, it is seeking; he,
she, it does seek
Plural 1st P pet-imus we seek, we are seeking, we do seek
Plural 2nd P pet-itis you seek, you are seeking, you do seek
Plural 3rd P pet-unt you seek, you are seeking, you do seek
Give form and meaning for petō, petere, petīvī, petītus, 3. tr. - seek, beg, request in the
Imperfect Tense (present stem)
No. 169.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P pet-ēbam I was seeking
Singular 2nd P pet-ēbās you were seeking
Singular 3rd P pet-ēbat he, she it, was seeking
Plural 1st P pet-ēbāmus we were seeking
Plural 2nd P pet-ēbātis you were seeking
Plural 3rd P pet-ēbant they were seeking
S2W9
Give form and meaning for pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus, 3. tr. - drive, repulse, rout in the Present
Tense (present stem)
No. 166.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P pell-ō I drive, I am driving, I do drive
Singular 2nd P pell-is you drive, you are driving, you do drive
Singular 3rd P pell-it he, she, it drives; he, she, it is driving; he,
she, it does drive
Plural 1st P pell-imus we drive, we are driving, we do drive
Plural 2nd P pell-itis you drive, you are driving, you do drive
Plural 3rd P pell-unt you drive, you are driving, you do drive
Give form and meaning for pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus, 3. tr. - drive, repulse, rout in the
Imperfect Tense (present stem)
No. 169.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P pell-ēbam I was driving
Singular 2nd P pell-ēbās you were driving
Singular 3rd P pell-ēbat he, she it, was driving
Plural 1st P pell-ēbāmus we were driving
Plural 2nd P pell-ēbātis you were driving
Plural 3rd P pell-ēbant they were driving
S2W9
Review: Nouns
litterae, litterārum – letter (i.e. an epistle) , dispatch
Form Meaning Use
Plural Nominative litter-ae Letters, the letters Subject
Plural Genitive litter-ārum Of the letters; letters’ Possessive
Plural Dative litter-īs To or for the letters Indirect object
Plural Accusative litter-ās Letters, the letters Direct object
Plural Ablative litter- īs By, with, from the letters Object of the
Preposition
GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 10
No. 172: Future Tense (present stem): I shall send
mitt-am – I shall send (I shall be sending)
mitt-ēs – you will send (you will be sending)
mitt-et – he, she, it will send (he, she, it will be sending)
mitt-ēmus – we shall send (we shall be sending)
mitt-ētis – you will send (you will be sending)
mitt-ent – they will send (they will be sending)
Practice for Week 10
Give form and meaning for mittō, 3. tr., send in the Future Tense (present stem)
No. 172
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mitt-am I shall send (I shall be sending)
Singular 2nd P mitt-ēs you will send (you will be sending)
Singular 3rd P mitt-et he, she, it will send (he, she, it will be
sending)
Plural 1st P mitt-ēmus we shall send (we shall be sending)
Plural 2nd P mitt-ētis you will send (you will be sending)
Plural 3rd P mitt-ent they will send (they will be sending)
Additional Practice
Practice with verbs from vocabulary
Give form and meaning for pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus, 3. tr. - put, place, set in the Future
Tense (present stem)
No. 172
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P pōn-am I shall place (I shall be placing)
Singular 2nd P pōn-ēs you will place (you will be placing)
Singular 3rd P pōn-et he, she, it will place (he, she, it will be
placing)
Plural 1st P pōn-ēmus we shall place (we shall be placing)
Plural 2nd P pōn-ētis you will place (you will be placing)
Plural 3rd P pōn-ent they will place (they will be placing)
Give form and meaning for contendō, contendere, contendī, 3. intr. - strive, contend, hasten
in the Future Tense (present stem)
No. 172
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P contend-am I shall contend (I shall be contending)
Singular 2nd P contend-ēs you will contend (you will be contending)
Singular 3rd P contend-et he, she, it will contend (he, she, it will be
contending)
Plural 1st P contend-ēmus we shall contend (we shall be contending)
Plural 2nd P contend-ētis you will contend (you will be contending)
Plural 3rd P contend-ent they will contend (they will be contending)
S2W10
Give form and meaning for agō, agere, egī, āctus, 3. tr., - drive, do, act, treat in the Future
Tense (present stem)
No. 172
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P ag-am I shall do (I shall be doing)
Singular 2nd P ag-ēs you will do (you will be doing)
Singular 3rd P ag-et he, she, it will do (he, she, it will be doing)
Plural 1st P ag-ēmus we shall do (we shall be doing)
Plural 2nd P ag-ētis you will do (you will be doing)
Plural 3rd P ag-ent they will do (they will be doing)
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GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 11
Active Voice – Indicative Mood
No: 167 : Present Tense (present stem) : I hear
aud-iō - I hear, I am hearing, I do hear
aud- īs – you hear, you are hearing, you do hear
aud-it – he, she, it hears; he, she, it is hearing; he, she it, does hear
aud- īmus – we hear, we are hearing, we do hear
aud- ītis - you hear, you are hearing, you do hear
aud-iunt – they hear, they are hearing, they do hear
Active Voice – Indicative Mood
No: 170 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was hearing
aud-iēbam - I was hearing
aud-iēbās – you were hearing
aud-iēbat – he, she, it was hearing
aud-iēbāmas – we were hearing
aud-iēbātis - you were hearing
aud-iēbant – they were hearing
No: 173 : Future Tense (present stem) : I shall hear
aud-iam - I shall hear (I shall be hearing)
aud-iēs – you will hear (you will be hearing)
aud-iēt – he, she, it will hear (he, she, it will be hearing)
aud-iēmas – we shall hear ( we shall be hearing)
aud-iētis - you will hear (you will be hearing)
aud-ient – they will hear (they will be hearing)
Additional Rules from the Reading:
Present System Active of 4th Conjugation
To form the principal parts of regular verbs of the fourth conjugation, drop the -iō of the first
person singular present indicative and add -īre, īvī, ītus (notice the long ī). Thus:
aud-iō, audīre, aud-īvī, aud-ītus
Practice for Week 11
Give form and meaning for audiō, 4. tr. – hear in the Present Tense (present stem)
No. 167.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P aud-iō I hear, I am hearing, I do hear
Singular 2nd P aud- īs you hear, you are hearing, you do hear
Singular 3rd P aud-it he, she, it hears; he, she, it is hearing; he,
she it, does hear
Plural 1st P aud- īmus we hear, we are hearing, we do hear
Plural 2nd P aud- ītis you hear, you are hearing, you do hear
Plural 3rd P aud-iunt they hear, they are hearing, they do hear
Give form and meaning for audiō, 4. tr. – hear in the Imperfect Tense (present stem)
No. 170.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P aud-iēbam I was hearing
Singular 2nd P aud-iēbās you were hearing
Singular 3rd P aud-iēbat he, she, it was hearing
Plural 1st P aud-iēbāmas we were hearing
Plural 2nd P aud-iēbātis you were hearing
Plural 3rd P aud-iēbant they were hearing
Give form and meaning for audiō, 4. tr. – hear in the Future Tense (present stem)
No. 173.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P aud-iam I shall hear (I shall be hearing)
Singular 2nd P aud-iēs you will hear (you will be hearing)
Singular 3rd P aud-iēt he, she, it will hear (he, she, it will be
hearing)
Plural 1st P aud-iēmas we shall hear ( we shall be hearing)
Plural 2nd P aud-iētis you will hear (you will be hearing)
Plural 3rd P aud-ient they will hear (they will be hearing)
Additional practice for Week 11
Give form and meaning for muniō, 4. tr. - fortify, in the Present Tense (present stem)
No. 167.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mun-iō I fortify, I am fortifying, I do fortify
Singular 2nd P mun- īs you fortify, you are fortifying, you do
fortify
Singular 3rd P mun-it he, she, it fortifys; he, she, it is fortifying;
he, she it, does fortify
Plural 1st P mun- īmus we fortify, we are fortifying, we do fortify
Plural 2nd P mun- ītis you fortify, you are fortifying, you do
fortify
Plural 3rd P mun-iunt they fortify, they are fortifying, they do
fortify
Give form and meaning for muniō, 4. tr. - fortify, in the Imperfect Tense (present stem)
No. 170.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mun-iēbam I was fortifying
Singular 2nd P mun-iēbās you were fortifying
Singular 3rd P mun-iēbat he, she, it was fortifying
Plural 1st P mun-iēbāmas we were fortifying
Plural 2nd P mun-iēbātis you were fortifying
Plural 3rd P mun-iēbant they were fortifying
Give form and meaning for muniō, 4. tr. - fortify, in the Future Tense (present stem)
No. 173.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mun-iam I shall fortify (I shall be fortifying)
Singular 2nd P mun-iēs you will fortify (you will be fortifying)
Singular 3rd P mun-iēt he, she, it will fortify (he, she, it will be
fortifying)
Plural 1st P mun-iēmas we shall fortify ( we shall be fortifying)
Plural 2nd P mun-iētis you will fortify (you will be fortifying)
Plural 3rd P mun-ient they will fortify (they will be fortifying)
S2W11
Give form and meaning for veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum, 4, intr. - come, in the Present Tense
(present stem)
No. 167.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P ven-iō I come, I am coming, I do come
Singular 2nd P ven- īs you come, you are coming, you do come
Singular 3rd P ven-it he, she, it comes; he, she, it is coming; he,
she it, does come
Plural 1st P ven- īmus we come, we are coming, we do come
Plural 2nd P ven- ītis you come, you are coming, you do come
Plural 3rd P ven-iunt they come, they are coming, they do come
Give form and meaning for veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum, 4, intr. - come, in the Imperfect Tense
(present stem)
No. 170.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P ven-iēbam I was coming
Singular 2nd P ven-iēbās you were coming
Singular 3rd P ven-iēbat he, she, it was coming
Plural 1st P ven-iēbāmas we were coming
Plural 2nd P ven-iēbātis you were coming
Plural 3rd P ven-iēbant they were coming
Give form and meaning for veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum, 4, intr. - come in the Future Tense
(present stem)
No. 173.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P ven-iam I shall come (I shall be coming)
Singular 2nd P ven-iēs you will come (you will be coming)
Singular 3rd P ven-iēt he, she, it will come (he, she, it will be
coming)
Plural 1st P ven-iēmas we shall come ( we shall be coming)
Plural 2nd P ven-iētis you will come (you will be coming)
Plural 3rd P ven-ient they will come (they will be coming)
S2W11
Give form and meaning for conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum, 4. intr. - come together,
assemble, in the Present Tense (present stem)
No. 167.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P conven-iō I assemble, I am assembling, I do assemble
Singular 2nd P conven- īs you assemble, you are assembling, you do
assemble
Singular 3rd P conven-it he, she, it assembles; he, she, it is
assembling; he, she it, does assemble
Plural 1st P conven- īmus we assemble, we are assembling, we do
assemble
Plural 2nd P conven- ītis you assemble, you are assembling, you do
assemble
Plural 3rd P conven-iunt they assemble, they are assembling, they do
assemble
Give form and meaning for conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum, 4. intr. - come together,
assemble the Imperfect Tense (present stem)
No. 170.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P conven-iēbam I was assembling
Singular 2nd P conven-iēbās you were assembling
Singular 3rd P conven-iēbat he, she, it was assembling
Plural 1st P conven-iēbāmas we were assembling
Plural 2nd P conven-iēbātis you were assembling
Plural 3rd P conven-iēbant they were assembling
Give form and meaning for conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum, 4. intr. - come together,
assemble in the Future Tense (present stem)
No. 173.
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P conven-iam I shall assemble (I shall be assembling)
Singular 2nd P conven-iēs you will assemble (you will be assembling)
Singular 3rd P conven-iēt he, she, it will assemble (he, she, it will be
assembling)
Plural 1st P conven-iēmas we shall assemble ( we shall be assembling)
Plural 2nd P conven-iētis you will assemble (you will be assembling)
Plural 3rd P conven-ient they will assemble (they will be
assembling)
GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 12
No. 14 - Nouns have gender, number, case and declension
No. 15 - Gender. There are three genders in Latin: masculine, feminine, neuter.
No. 16 - All nouns meaning individual male persons are masculine.
No. 17 - All nouns meaning individual female persons are feminine.
No. 18 - The gender of other nouns must be learned from their declension of from the
vocabularies.
No. 19 - Number. There are two numbers in Latin: singular and plural.
No. 20 The singular speaks of one: via, a road.
No. 21 The plural speaks of more than one: viae, roads.
No. 22 Case. There are six cases in Latin:
Nominative: the case of the Subject.
Genitive: the case of the Possessor.
Dative: the case of the Indirect Object; the ‘to’ or ‘for’ case
Accusative: the case of the Direct Object.
Ablative: the ‘by-with-from’ case [ used frequently with prepositions]
Vocative: the case of the Person Addressed.
No. 23 Declension. Declension consists in adding the proper ENDINGS to the STEM to show
the different genders, numbers, and cases
No. 24 Stem. The stem is found by dropping the ENDING of the GENITIVE SINGULAR.
vi-ae, stem: vi-
S2W12
No. 346 – Indicative Present
Singular - sum – I am
es – you are
est – he, she, it, is
Plural - sumus - we are
estis – you are
sunt – they are
No. 347 – Indicative Imperfect
Singular – eram - I was
erās – you were
erat – he, she, it was
Plural – erāmus – we were
erātis – you were
erant – they were
No. 348 – Indicative Future
Singular - erō – I shall be
eris – you will be
erit – he, she, it will be
Plural - erimus – we shall be
eritis – you will be
erunt – they will be
S2W12
Present, Imperfect, and and Future Indicative of Sum:
1. The final personal signs are the same as in the four conjugations.
2. The third person plural of the future is erunt.
No. 474 - A predicate adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case
Vīta brevis est.
Life is short.
No. 477 - An attributive adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number and case.
Mīles fortis pugnat.
The brave soldier fights.
Practice for Week 12
Copy or fill in the blank Grammar Rules:
No. 14 - Nouns have gender, number, case and declension
No. 15 - Gender. There are three genders in Latin: masculine, feminine, neuter.
No. 16 - All nouns meaning individual male persons are masculine.
No. 17 - All nouns meaning individual female persons are feminine.
No. 18 - The gender of other nouns must be learned from their declension of from the
vocabularies.
No. 19 - Number. There are two numbers in Latin: singular and plural.
No. 20 The singular speaks of one: via, a road.
No. 21 The plural speaks of more than one: viae, roads.
No. 22 Case. There are six cases in Latin:
Nominative: the case of the Subject.
Genitive: the case of the Possessor.
Dative: the case of the Indirect Object; the to/for case
Accusative: the case of the Direct Object.
Ablative: the ‘by-with-from’ case [ used frequently with prepositions]
Vocative: the case of the Person Addressed.
No. 23 Declension. Declension consists in adding the proper ENDINGS to the STEM to show
the different genders, numbers, and cases
No. 24 Stem. The stem is found by dropping the ENDING of the GENITIVE SINGULAR
vi-ae, stem: vi-
SW12
No. 346 – Indicative Present - SUM
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P sum I am
Singular 2nd P es you are
Singular 3rd P est he, she, it is
Plural 1st P sumus we are
Plural 2nd P estis you are
Plural 3rd P sunt they are
No. 346 – Indicative Imperfect – ERAM
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P eram I was
Singular 2nd P erās you were
Singular 3rd P erat he, she, it was
Plural 1st P erāmus we were
Plural 2nd P erātis you were
Plural 3rd P erant they were
No. 348 – Indicative Future - ERO
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P erō I shall be
Singular 2nd P eris you will be
Singular 3rd P erit he, she, it will be
Plural 1st P erimus we shall be
Plural 2nd P eritis you will be
Plural 3rd P erunt they will be
Copy Grammar Rules:
No. 474: A predicate adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case
No. 477: An attributive adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number and case.
GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 13
Verbs
No 142 Verbs have voice, mood, tense, number, and person.
No 143 Voice. There are two vocies: active and passive.
No 144 a. The active represents the subject as acting or being.
Lēgātum laudō. I praise the envoy.
Valeō. I am well.
No 145 b. The passive represents the subject as acted upon.
Laudor. I am praised.
No 146 Mood. There are three moods: indicative, subjunctive, imperative. (The meanings and
used of these moods and tenses must be learned by syntax)
No 147 Tense. There are six tenses: present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future
perfect. (The meanings and used of these moods and tenses must be learned by syntax)
No 148 Number. There are two numbers: singular and plural.
No 149 Person. There are three persons:
First (the one speaking – I, we)
Second (the one spoken to – you)
Third (the one spoken of – he, she, it, they)
No 150 Conjugation consists in adding the proper endings to the proper stem to show the
different voices, moods, tenses, numbers and persons.
S2W13
No 174
Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)
Singular – 1. laudāv-ī - I praised ( I have praised)
2. laudāv-istī - you praised ( you have praised)
3. laudāv-īt - he, she, it praised ( he, she, it has praised)
Plural - 1. laudāv-imus - we praised ( we have praised)
2. laudāv-istis you praised ( you have praised)
3. laudāv-ērunt – they praised (they have praised)
No 177
Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)
Singular – 1. monu-ī - I advised (I have advised)
2. monu-istī - you advised ( you have advised)
3. monu-īt - he, she, it advised (he, she, it has advised)
Plural - 1. monu-imus - we advised ( we have advised)
2. monu-istis - you advised (you have advised)
3. monu-ērunt – they advised (they have advised)
No 178
Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)
Singular – 1. mīs -ī - I sent ( I have sent)
2. mīs-istī - you sent ( you have sent)
3. mīs -īt - he, she, it sent ( he, she, it has sent)
Plural - 1. mīs-imus - we sent ( we have sent)
2. mīs-istis - you sent ( you have sent)
3. mīs-ērunt – they sent (they have sent)
No 179
Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)
Singular – 1. audīv-ī - I heard ( I have heard)
2. audīv-istī - you heard ( you have heard)
3. audīv-īt - he, she, it heard ( he, she, it has heard)
Plural - 1. audīv-imus - we heard ( we have heard)
2. audīv-istis - you heard ( you have heard)
3. audīv-ērunt – they heard (they have heard
S2W13
No. 349
Indicative Perfect
Singular – 1. fu-ī - I have been, I was
2. fu-istī - you have been, you were
3. fu-īt - he, she, it has been; he, she it was
Plural - 1. fu-imus - we have been, we were
2. fu-istis - you have been, you were
3. fu-ērunt – they have been, they were
The Perfect Active Stem:
1. The perfect system of the indicative active includes the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect
tenses.
2. The perfect active stem is found by dropping the ending -ī of the third principal part.
laudāv-ī stem: laudāv-
monu-ī stem: monu-
mīs-ī stem: mīs-
audīv-ī stem: audīv-
fu-ī stem: fu-
Perfect Indicative Active
The PERFECT tense expresses a past act
For all three forms in English, Latin has one form: the PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE.
The perfect indicative active of ALL LATIN VERBS, REGULAR AND IRREGULAR, is
formed by:
1. Finding the perfect stem from the third principal part;
2. Adding the endings shown in the model, Grammar No. 174
Practice for Week 13
Copy or fill in the blank Grammar Rules:
Verbs
No 142 Verbs have voice, mood, tense, number, and person.
No 143 Voice. There are two voices: active and passive.
No 144 a. The active represents the subject as acting or being.
Lēgātum laudō. I praise the envoy.
Valeō. I am well.
No 145 b. The passive represents the subject as acted upon.
Laudor. I am praised.
No 146 Mood. There are three moods: indicative, subjunctive, imperative. (The meanings and
used of these moods and tenses must be learned by syntax)
No 147 Tense. There are six tenses: present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future
perfect. (The meanings and used of these moods and tenses must be learned by syntax)
No 148 Number. There are two numbers: singular and plural.
No 149 Person. There are three persons:
First (the one speaking – I, we)
Second (the one spoken to – you)
Third (the one spoken of – he, she, it, they)
No 150 Conjugation consists in adding the proper endings to the proper stem to show the
different voices, moods, tenses, numbers and persons
S2W13
No 174
Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - laudāv-ī
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P laudāv-ī I praised ( I have praised)
Singular 2nd P laudāv-istī you praised ( you have praised)
Singular 3rd P laudāv-īt he, she, it praised ( he, she, it has praised)
Plural 1st P laudāv-imus we praised ( we have praised)
Plural 2nd P laudāv-istis you praised ( you have praised)
Plural 3rd P laudāv-ērunt they praised (they have praised)
No 177
Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - monu-ī
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P monu-ī I advised ( I have advised)
Singular 2nd P monu-istī you advised ( you have advised)
Singular 3rd P monu-īt he, she, it advised ( he, she, it has advised)
Plural 1st P monu-imus we advised ( we have advised)
Plural 2nd P monu-istis you advised ( you have advised)
Plural 3rd P monu-ērunt they advised (they have advised)
No 178
Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - mīs -ī
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mīs -ī I sent ( I have sent)
Singular 2nd P mīs-istī you sent ( you have sent)
Singular 3rd P mīs -īt he, she, it sent ( he, she, it has sent)
Plural 1st P mīs-imus we sent ( we have sent)
Plural 2nd P mīs-istis you sent ( you have sent)
Plural 3rd P mīs-ērunt they sent (they have sent)
S2W13
No 179
Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - audīv-ī -
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P audīv-ī I heard ( I have heard)
Singular 2nd P audīv-istī you heard ( you have heard)
Singular 3rd P audīv-īt he, she, it heard ( he, she, it has heard)
Plural 1st P audīv-imus we heard ( we have heard)
Plural 2nd P audīv-istis you heard ( you have heard)
Plural 3rd P audīv-ērunt they heard (they have heard)
S2W13
No. 349
Indicative Perfect - fu-ī
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P fu-ī I have been, I was
Singular 2nd P fu-istī you have been, you were
Singular 3rd P fu-īt he, she it has been; he, she, it was
Plural 1st P fu-imus we have been, we were
Plural 2nd P fu-istis you have been, you were
Plural 3rd P fu-ērunt they have been, they were
Additional Practice for Week 13
No 174
Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - collocō, 1. tr. - place, station
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P colloc-ī I placed ( I have placed)
Singular 2nd P colloc-istī you placed ( you have placed)
Singular 3rd P colloc-īt he, she, it placed ( he, she, it has placed)
Plural 1st P colloc-imus we placed ( we have placed)
Plural 2nd P colloc-istis you placed ( you have placed)
Plural 3rd P colloc-ērunt they placed (they have placed)
No 177
Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsūrus, 2. tr. -
remain
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P man-ī I advised ( I have advised)
Singular 2nd P man-istī you advised ( you have advised)
Singular 3rd P man-īt he, she, it advised ( he, she, it has advised)
Plural 1st P man-imus we advised ( we have advised)
Plural 2nd P man-istis you advised ( you have advised)
Plural 3rd P man-ērunt they advised (they have advised)
No 178
Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - compleō, complēre, complēvī, complētus,
2. tr.; w. abl. - fill (with)
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P compl-ī I filled ( I have filled)
Singular 2nd P compl-istī you filled ( you have filled)
Singular 3rd P compl-īt he, she, it filled ( he, she, it has filled)
Plural 1st P compl-imus we filled ( we have filled)
Plural 2nd P compl-istis you filled ( you have filled)
Plural 3rd P compl-ērunt they filled (they have filled)
S2W13
No 179
Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessūrus, 3. intr. - give
way, yield
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P cēd -ī I gave ( I have given)
Singular 2nd P cēd-istī you gave ( you have given)
Singular 3rd P cēd -īt he, she, it gave ( he, she, it has given)
Plural 1st P cēd-imus we gave ( we have given)
Plural 2nd P cēd-istis you gave ( you have given)
Plural 3rd P cēd-ērunt they gave (they have given)
GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 14
No 175
Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)
Singular – 1. laudāv-eram - I had praised
2. laudāv-erās - you had praised
3. laudāv-erat - he, she, it had praised
Plural - 1. laudāv-erāmus - we had praised
2. laudāv-erātis - you had praised
3. laudāv-erant – they had praise
No 176
Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem)
Singular – 1. laudāv-erō - I shall have praised
2. laudāv-eris - you will have praised
3. laudāv-erit - he, she, it will have praised
Plural - 1. laudāv-erimus - we shall have praised
2. laudāv-eritis - you will have praised
3. laudāv-erint – they will have praised
No 180
Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)
Singular – 1. monu-eram - I had advised
2. monu-erās - you had advised
3. monu-erat - he, she, it had advised
Plural - 1. monu-erāmus - we had advised
2. monu-erātis - you had advised
3. monu-erant– they had advised
S2W14
No 181
Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)
Singular – 1. mīs -eram - I had sent
2. mīs-erās - you had sent
3. mīs -erat - he, she, it had sent
Plural - 1. mīs-erāmus - we had sent
2. mīs-erātis - you had sent
3. mīs-erant – they had sent
No 182
Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)
Singular – 1. audīv-eram - I had heard
2. audīv-erās - you had heard
3. audīv-erat - he, she, it had heard
Plural - 1. audīv-erāmus - we had heard
2. audīv-erātis - you had heard
3. audīv-erant – they had heard
No 183
Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem)
Singular – 1. monu-erō - I shall have advised
2. monu-eris - you will have advised
3. monu-erit - he, she, it will have advised
Plural - 1. monu-erimus - we shall have advised
2. monu-eritis - you will have advised
3. monu-erint– they will have advised
No 184
Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem)
Singular – 1. mīs -erō - I shall have sent
2. mīs-eris - you will have sent
3. mīs -erit - he, she, it will have sent
Plural - 1. mīs-erimus - we shall have sent
2. mīs-eritis - you will have sent
3. mīs-erint – they will have sent
S2W14
No 185
Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem)
Singular – 1. audīv-erō - I shall have heard
2. audīv-eris - you will have heard
3. audīv -erat - he, she, it will have heard
Plural - 1. audīv-erimus - we shall have heard
2. audīv-eritis - you will have heard
3. audīv-erint – they will have heard
Practice for Week 14
No 175
Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) – laudav-
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P laudāv-eram I had praised
Singular 2nd P laudāv-erās you had praised
Singular 3rd P laudāv-erat he, she, it had praised
Plural 1st P laudāv-erāmus we had praised
Plural 2nd P laudāv-erātis you had praised
Plural 3rd P laudāv-erant they had praised
No 176
Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem) - laudav
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P laudāv-erō I shall have praised
Singular 2nd P laudāv-eris you will have praised
Singular 3rd P laudāv-erit he, she, it will have praised
Plural 1st P laudāv-erimus we shall have praised
Plural 2nd P laudāv-eritis you will have praised
Plural 3rd P laudāv-erint they will have praised
No 180
Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) – monu-
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P monu-eram I had advised
Singular 2nd P monu-erās you had advised
Singular 3rd P monu-erat he, she, it had advised
Plural 1st P monu-erāmus we had advised
Plural 2nd P monu-erātis you had advised
Plural 3rd P monu-erant they had advised
S2W14
No 181
Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - mīs
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mīs-eram I had sent
Singular 2nd P mīs-erās you had sent
Singular 3rd P mīs-erat he, she, it had sent
Plural 1st P mīs-erāmus we had sent
Plural 2nd P mīs-erātis you had sent
Plural 3rd P mīs-erant they had sent
S2W14
No 182
Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)- audīv
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P audīv-eram I had heard
Singular 2nd P audīv-erās you had heard
Singular 3rd P audīv-erat he, she, it had heard
Plural 1st P audīv-erāmus we had heard
Plural 2nd P audīv-erātis you had heard
Plural 3rd P audīv-erant they had heard
No 183
Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) - monu
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P monu-erō I shall have advised
Singular 2nd P monu-eris you will have advised
Singular 3rd P monu-erit he, she, it will have advised
Plural 1st P monu-erimus we shall have advised
Plural 2nd P monu-eritis you will have advised
Plural 3rd P monu-erint they will have advised
S2W14
No 184
Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) - mīs
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P mīs-erō I shall have sent
Singular 2nd P mīs-eris you will have sent
Singular 3rd P mīs-erit he, she, it will have sent
Plural 1st P mīs-erimus we shall have sent
Plural 2nd P mīs-eritis you will have sent
Plural 3rd P mīs-erint they will have sent
No 185
Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) - audīv
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P audīv-erō I shall have heard
Singular 2nd P audīv-eris you will have heard
Singular 3rd P audīv-erit he, she, it will have heard
Plural 1st P audīv-erimus we shall have heard
Plural 2nd P audīv-eritis you will have heard
Plural 3rd P audīv-erint they will have heard
Additional Practice for Week 14
Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem) - adjuvō, adjuvāre, adjūvī, adjūtus,
1. tr. - help, aid
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P adjuv-erō I shall have helped
Singular 2nd P adjuv-eris you will have helped
Singular 3rd P adjuv-erit he, she, it will have helped
Plural 1st P adjuv-erimus we shall have helped
Plural 2nd P adjuv-eritis you will have helped
Plural 3rd P adjuv-erint they will have helped
Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - - adjuvō,
adjuvāre, adjūvī, adjūtus, 1. tr. - help, aid
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P adjuv-eram I had helped
Singular 2nd P adjuv-erās you had helped
Singular 3rd P adjuv-erat he, she, it had helped
Plural 1st P adjuv-erāmus we had helped
Plural 2nd P adjuv-erātis you had helped
Plural 3rd P adjuv-erant they had helped
Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem) - - perturbō, 1. tr. - confuse, disturb
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P perturb-erō I shall have confused
Singular 2nd P perturb-eris you will have confused
Singular 3rd P perturb-erit he, she, it will have confused
Plural 1st P perturb-erimus we shall have confused
Plural 2nd P perturb-eritis you will have confused
Plural 3rd P perturb-erint they will have confused
Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - perturbō, 1.
tr. - confuse, disturb
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P perturb-eram I had confused
Singular 2nd P perturb-erās you had confused
Singular 3rd P perturb-erat he, she, it had confused
Plural 1st P perturb-erāmus we had confused
Plural 2nd P perturb-erātis you had confused
Plural 3rd P perturb-erant they had confused
Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) - incendō, incendere, incendī,
incēnsus, 3. tr. - set fire to, burn
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P incend-erō I shall have burned
Singular 2nd P incend-eris you will have burned
Singular 3rd P incend-erit he, she, it will have burned
Plural 1st P incend-erimus we shall have burned
Plural 2nd P incend-eritis you will have burned
Plural 3rd P incend-erint they will have burned
Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - - incendō,
incendere, incendī, incēnsus, 3. tr. - set fire to, burn
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P incend-eram I had burned
Singular 2nd P incend-erās you had burned
Singular 3rd P incend-erat he, she, it had burned
Plural 1st P incend-erāmus we had burned
Plural 2nd P incend-erātis you had burned
Plural 3rd P incend-erant they had burned
S2W14
Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) incitō, 1. tr. - incite, arouse
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P incit-erō I shall have incited
Singular 2nd P incit-eris you will have incited
Singular 3rd P incit-erit he, she, it will have incited
Plural 1st P incit-erimus we shall have incited
Plural 2nd P incit-eritis you will have incited
Plural 3rd P incit-erint they will have incited
Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - incitō, 1. tr. -
incite, arouse
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P incit-eram I had incited
Singular 2nd P incit-erās you had incited
Singular 3rd P incit-erat he, she, it had incited
Plural 1st P incit-erāmus we had incited
Plural 2nd P incit-erātis you had incited
Plural 3rd P incit-erant they had incited
Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) servō, 1. tr – guard, keep
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P serv-erō I shall have guarded
Singular 2nd P serv-eris you will have guarded
Singular 3rd P serv-erit he, she, it will have guarded
Plural 1st P serv-erimus we shall have guarded
Plural 2nd P serv-eritis you will have guarded
Plural 3rd P serv-erint they will have guarded
S2W14
Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - servō, 1. tr –
guard, keep
Form Meaning
Singular 1st P serv-eram I had guarded
Singular 2nd P serv-erās you had guarded
Singular 3rd P serv-erat he, she, it had guarded
Plural 1st P serv-erāmus we had guarded
Plural 2nd P serv-erātis you had guarded
Plural 3rd P serv-erant they had guarded