Spanish 3 grammar concepts 2nd semester
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Transcript of Spanish 3 grammar concepts 2nd semester
Maya Miracle
1. Conditional
2. Conditional Irregulars
3. Present Perfect
4. Present Perfect Irregulars
5. Past Perfect
6. Subjunctive Perfect
7. Se Impersonal
8. Saber vs. Conocer
9. Formal Commands
10. Formal Irregulars
11. Informal Commands
12. Informal Irregulars
13. Nosotros Commands
14. Mono Verbs
15. DOP + IOP Placement
16. Subjunctive
17. Subjunctive Irregulars
18. Trigger Phrases
19. Demonstrative Adjectives + Pronouns
20. Tan/Tanto
the conditional tense
add endings to end
of infinitive
wonder conjecture
when "would" is used in the sense of a repeated action in
the past, the imperfect is used
possibility probability
would, should, could, must
have, or probably
ía
ía
ías
ían
íamos
íais
poder podrponer pondrquerer querrsaber sabr
salir saldrtener tendrvaler valdrvenir vendr
caber cabrdecir dirhaber habrhacer har
infinitive + ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían
-ado-ar -ido-er -ido-ir
Es un tiempo compuesto (compound tense) formado con el presente de verbo“haber” y el pasado participio de otro verbo.
El pasado participio se forma cambiando la terminaciónIndicates a recently completed actionTells what you have/haven’t doneSpeaking about an action that was true in the past and is still true in the present
he hemos
has
ha
habéis
han
•abrir abierto
•cubrir cubierto
•decir dicho
•escribir escrito
•hacer hecho
•ir ido
•morirmuerto•ponerpuesto•resolver resuelto•romper roto
•ver visto•volvervuelto
two verbs required: the main verb and the auxiliary verb
haber + past participle
auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated
object pronouns are placed immediately before the auxiliary verb
he hemos
has
ha
habéis
han
-ar -ado-er -ido-ir -ido
Present subjunctive of
haber
Past participle
-ar -ado
-er -ido
-ir -ido
Subjunctive Perfect
• used when a verb or expression requiring the subjunctive in the main clause is in the present, future, or present perfect
haya hayamos
hayas
haya
hayáis
hayan
avoid specifying a person doing the verb’s action
verb with “se” is
always in 3rd
person
can
be
used in
all tenses
can
replace the indirect object pronoun ("le +
lo--> se lo")
to know facts and informationto know
people, places, things, or literary works
• Conjugate to yo form
• Drop –o and add -e-ar• Conjugate to yo form
• Drop-o and add -a-er• Conjugate to yo form
• Drop –o and add -a-ir
T • tener
• Tenga(n)
V • Venir
• Venga(n)
D • Dar dé(n)•Decirdiga(n)
I • Ir
• Vaya(n)
S • Ser
• Sea(n)
H • Hacer
• Haga(n)
E • Estar
• Esté(n)
S • Saber
• Sepa(n)
IrregularFormal
Commands
• Conjugate to the túform
• Drop the “s”
Affirmative
• Put in yo form
• Change to opposite vowel
• Add an “s”
Negative
Di (decir)
Haz (hacer)
Ve (ir)
Pon (poner)
Sal (salir)
Sé (ser)
Ten (tener)
Ven (venir)
Tengas (tener)
Vengas (venir)
Dés, digas (dar, decir)
Vayas (ir)
Seas (ser)
Hagas (hacer)
Estés (estar)
Sepas (saber)
Opposite vowel
Add the “mos”
verb
Change to yo form
Nosotros Commands
equivalent of Let's plus a verb in English
if object pronouns are used, they must be attached to the
end of affirmative commands, and this will always require a written
accent in the nosotros forms
the first s of the affirmative reflexive
ending is lost, that is -mosnos becomes -
monos
Irregulars: vámonos, no
vayamos
DO
P: l
o, l
a, lo
s, &
las
• Attach to end of infinitive
• Place in front of conjugated verb
ir + infinitive phrases
• Attach to end of –ing verb and add accent to the 3rd to last syllable vowel
Estar + -ing verb phrases
• affirmative commands: it is attached to end of command with an accent on first syllable vowel
• negative commands: it comes after “no”, before the command
commands
IOP
: me, te, se, n
os, &
os
infinitive yo formchange vowel
•Es importante que•Es necesario que•Es urgente que
-a
-a -amos-as
-an-áis
-e -emos
-e-es
-en-éis-ar -er
T• tener tenga
V•venir venga
D
•decir diga
•dar dé
I• ir vaya
S•ser sea
H•hacer haga
E•estar esté
S•saber sepa
-que-car -gue-gar -cé-zar
stem changers
• -er and –ar have the same stem changes
• nosotros/vosotros stem change with pedir (e>i), sentir (e>i), and dormir (o>u)
•Es bueno que
•Es mejor que
•Es malo que
•Es importante que
•Es necesario que
•Es urgente que
Impersonal Expressions
•Alegrarse (de) to be happy
•Esperar to hope, wish
•Sentir (e:ie) to be sorry/regret
•Sorprender to surprise
•Temer to fear
•Es triste it’s sad
•Ojalá (que) I hope (that), I wish
•Main clause: hope, fear, joy, pity, surprise + subordinate clause: subjunctive
Expressions of Emotion
•Precedes subjunctive after the subordinate clause is habitual or in the past
•Asi que
•Cuando
•Despues de que
•En cuanto
•Hasta que
•Luego que
•Tan pronto como
Conjunctions of Time
Como (as…as)
Used with adjectives and
adverbs
Como (as much/as
many…as)
Used with nouns and verbs
Tan Tanto
este/ estathis
ese/esathat
aquel/ aquella
that over there
estos/estasthese
esos/esasthose
aquellos/ aquellas
those over there
when used as a pronoun, add an accent (ex: esté)