Ch6 - A New Industrial Age-2-0

7/21/2019 Ch6 - A New Industrial Age-2-0

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A New Industrial AgeA New Industrial A

geChapter 6Chapter 6

US History HonorsUS History Honors


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Section 1 Objectives:Section 1 Objectives: By the end of thisB

y the end of thislesson, I will be ablelesson, I will be ableto:to:

1. Explain how the1. Explain how theab n!ance o" nat ralab n!ance o" nat ralreso rces# new recoveryreso rces# new recoveryan! re$nin% &etho!s#an! re$nin% &etho!s#an! new ses "or the&an! new ses "or the&le! to intensivele! to intensive

in! striali'ation.in! striali'ation. (. )!enti"y inventions that(. )!enti"y inventions that

chan%e! the way peoplechan%e! the way peoplelive! an! wor*e!.live! an! wor*e!.


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Section 1:+he Expansion o"Section 1:+he Expansion o")n! stry:)n! stry:

Main IdeaMain Idea : ,t the en! o": ,t the en! o"the 1-the 1- thth cent ry# nat ralcent ry# nat ralreso rces# creativereso rces# creative

i!eas# an! %rowin%i!eas# an! %rowin%&ar*ets " ele! an&ar*ets " ele! anin! strial boo&.in! strial boo&.

Why it MattersWh

y it Matters ow:ow: +echnolo%ical +echnolo%ical!evelop&ents o" the late!evelop&ents o" the late1-1- thth cent ry pave! the waycent ry pave! the way"or the contin e! %rowth o""or the contin e! %rowth o",&erican )n! stry.,&erican )n! stry.

Key Terms:K

ey Terms:

/esse&er 0rocess/esse&er 0rocess

Key Names:Ke

y Names:

E!win . 2ra*eE!win . 2ra*e +ho&as ,lva E!ison +ho&as ,lva E!ison Christopher SholesChristopher Sholes ,lexan!er 3raha& /ell,lexan!er 3raha& /ell


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/e"ore 4e Start: Story/e"ore 4e Start: Story +i&e555 +i&e555

+he year is 1 67 an! +he year is 1 67 an!railroa! constr ction israilroa! constr ction isboo&in%. )n six years#boo&in%. )n six years#

the U.S. will be lin*e!the U.S. will be lin*e!by rail "ro& coast toby rail "ro& coast tocoast. Central 0aci$ccoast. Central 0aci$c8ailroa! e&ploys8ailroa! e&ploys&ainly Chinese&ainly Chinesei&&i%rants to blasti&&i%rants to blastt nnels# lay trac*# an!t nnels# lay trac*# an!!rive spi*es# all "or low!rive spi*es# all "or lowwa%es99wa%es99


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0hineas 3a%e0hineas 3a%e 0hineas 3a%e0hineas 3a%e 8ailroa! blastin% acci!ent severe! the "rontal lobes "ro&8ailroa! blastin% acci!ent severe! the "rontal lobes "ro&

the li&bic syste&the li&bic syste&

PhineasGage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phineas_Gage_GageMillerPhoto2010-02-17_Unretouched_Color_Cropped.jpg


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2isc ssion estions: + rn an! +al*:2isc ssion estions: + rn an! +al*:

1. 4hat !an%ers !o yo thin* the railroa!1. 4hat !an%ers !o yo thin* the railroa!wor*ers will enco nter; ectthe environ&ent;the environ&ent;

?. 4hat are the pros an! cons o" railroa!?. 4hat are the pros an! cons o" railroa!expansion;expansion;


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Section 1:Section 1: +he Expansion o" )n! stry: +he Expansion o" )n! stry:

After the Civil WarAfter the Civil War!"#$% the &'(' was!"#$% the &'(' was

still largely agri)ulturestill largely agri)ulture

By !*+ , the &'(' wasBy !*+ , the &'(' wasthe leading industrialthe leading industrial-ower in the world-ower in the world

This enormous growthThis enormous growthwas due to threewas due to threefa)tors. !%fa)tors. !%

Natural /esour)esNatural /esour)es+% 0overnmental+% 0overnmentalsu--ort 1%su--ort 1%&rbani2ation&rbani2ation


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/lac* 3ol!:/lac* 3ol!: In !"$*,In !"$*, 3dwin 4ra5e3dwin 4ra5e

used a steam engine toused a steam engine todrill for oildrill for oil

This brea5throughThis brea5throughstarted anstarted an oil boomoil boom ininthe Midwest and laterthe Midwest and laterTe6asTe6as

At 7rst the -ro)essAt 7rst the -ro)esswas limited towas limited totransforming the oiltransforming the oilinto 5erosene andinto 5erosene andthrowing out thethrowing out thegasoline 88 a by8gasoline 88 a by8-rodu)t of the -ro)ess-rodu)t of the -ro)ess

9ater, the gasoline was9ater, the gasoline wasused for )arsused for )ars


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4hich o" these was O+ a reason4hich o" these was O+ a reasonwhy the US was experiencin%why the US was experiencin%

tre&en!o s %rowth:tre&en!o s %rowth:1.1. at ralat ral8eso rces8eso rces

(.(.3overn&ent3overn&ents pports pport

7.7. +he %ol! r sh +he %ol! r sh

?.?. Urbani'ationUrbani'ationof 1

:+$


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/esse&er Steel 0rocess:/esse&er Steel 0rocess: il was not the onlyil was not the only

valuable naturalvaluable naturalresour)eresour)e

Coal and iron wereCoal and iron were

-lentiful within the &'('-lentiful within the &'(' When you removed theWhen you removed the)arbon from iron by)arbon from iron byin;e)ting air into thein;e)ting air into themolten iron, the resultmolten iron, the resultwas a lighter, morewas a lighter, moreenryBessemer ? WilliamBessemer ? WilliamKelly%Kelly%

BESSEMER CONVERTORCIRCA 1880


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4hy were iron an! oil4hy were iron an! oilbeco&in% &ore so %ht a"ter;beco&in% &ore so %ht a"ter;1.1. +hey were new +hey were new(.(. +hey both were +hey both were

extre&ely easy toextre&ely easy to

createcreate7.7. /oth were able to/oth were able to

be trans"or&e! intobe trans"or&e! intoother &ore e@cientother &ore e@cient

co&&o!itiesco&&o!ities?.?. one o" the aboveone o" the above

+

$

of 1


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ew Uses Aor Steel:ew Uses Aor Steel: The railroads, withThe railroads, with

thousands of milesthousands of milesof tra)5, were theof tra)5, were the

biggestbiggest )ustomers)ustomersfor steelfor steel ther uses emerged:ther uses emerged:

barbed wire, farmbarbed wire, farme@ui-ment -low%,e@ui-ment -low%,

bridge )onstru)tionbridge )onstru)tionBroo5lyn Bridge8Broo5lyn Bridge8!""1%,and the 7rst!""1%,and the 7rsts5ys)ra-erss5ys)ra-ers Brooklyn Bridge: NYC


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How !o yo "eel to!ay;How !o yo "eel to!ay;1.1. 38E,+38E,+(.(. )B& Here)B& Here

7.7. )C 5)C 5?.?. History isHistory is

,4ESODE5,4ESODE5

!$

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ew )nventions Sp rew )nventions Sp r)n! stry:)n! stry:

Can yo i&a%ineCan yo i&a%inelivin% in a ti&e whenlivin% in a ti&e whenthe "ollowin%the "ollowin%

inventions wereinventions werecreate!;create!;

1.1. 3le)tri)ity3le)tri)it y


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Electricity: E!isonElectricity: E!ison !" #8 Thomas Alva!" #8 Thomas Alva

3dison3dison established theestablished theworld s 7rst resear)hworld s 7rst resear)hlab in New erseylab in New ersey

There 3disonThere 3dison -erfe)ted-erfe)tedthe in)andes)ent lightthe in)andes)ent lightbulbbulb in !""in !""

9ater he invented an9ater he invented anentire system forentire system for-rodu)ing and-rodu)ing and

distributing ele)tri)itydistributing ele)tri)ity By !"* ,By !"* , ele)tri)ityele)tri)ity-owered numerous-owered numerousma)hines in)ludingma)hines in)ludingstreet)arsstreet)ars

$One %er&en' in(%ir)'ion )nd ##%er&en' %er(%ir)'ion*+


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+he +ypewriter: +he +ypewriter: Christo-her (holesChristo-her (holes

invented theinvented thety-ewriter in !"#ty-ewriter in !"#

>is invention>is inventionforever aDe)tedforever aDe)tedoE)e wor5 andoE)e wor5 and-a-erwor5 -a-erwor5

It also o-ened manyIt also o-ened manynew ;obs for womennew ;obs for women

!" : Women made!" : Women madeu- less than $F ofu- less than $F ofwor5for)e !*! :wor5for)e !*! :They made u- G FThey made u- G F

T,i( i( ',e 'i-e %eriod .,en(e&re')ry /o ( .ere%ri-)rily ,eld y.o-en *,)( ',i( &,)nged- &,


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+he +elephone: +he +elephone: Another im-ortantAnother im-ortant

invention of the lateinvention of the late!*!* thth )entury was the)entury was thetele-honetele-hone

Ale6ander 0rahamAle6ander 0rahamBellBell and Thomasand ThomasWatson unveiled theirWatson unveiled theirinvention in !" #invention in !" #

By !*!$ )oast8to8By !*!$ )oast8to8

)oast -hone servi)e)oast -hone servi)ebegan -aving the waybegan -aving the wayfor worldfor worldtele)ommuni)ationstele)ommuni)ations


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!evices co l! yo live!evices co l! yo livewitho t;witho t;

1

1.1. Cell 0honeCell 0hone(.(. )po!)po!

7.7. + +?.?. Co&p terCo&p ter

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How !i! inventions chan%eHow !i! inventions chan%e,&erican society;,&erican society;

Aactory wor* replace! jobs that ha!Aactory wor* replace! jobs that ha!been previo sly !one at ho&e


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Section (: ObjectivesSection (: Objectives

By the end of this lesson, I will beBy the end of this lesson, I will beable to:able to:

1. )!enti"y the role o" the railroa!s in1. )!enti"y the role o" the railroa!s inni"yin% the co ntry.ni"yin% the co ntry.

(. ist positive an! ne%ative e>ects o"(. ist positive an! ne%ative e>ects o"railroa!s on the nationBs econo&y.railroa!s on the nationBs econo&y.

7. S &&ari'e reasons "or# an! o tco&es7. S &&ari'e reasons "or# an! o tco&eso"# the !e&an! "or railroa! re"or&.o"# the !e&an! "or railroa! re"or&.


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Section (: +he ,%e o" theSection (: +he ,%e o" the8ailroa!s:8ailroa!s:

Main IdeaMain Idea : +he %rowth: +he %rowthan! consoli!ation o"an! consoli!ation o"railroa!s bene$te! therailroa!s bene$te! the

nation b t also le! tonation b t also le! tocorr ption an! re ire!corr ption an! re ire!%overn&ent re% lation.%overn&ent re% lation.

Why it Matters NowWh y it Matters Now ::8ailroa!s &a!e8ailroa!s &a!epossible the expansionpossible the expansion

o" in! stry across theo" in! stry across theUnite! States.Unite! States.

Key Terms:Ke y Terms: +ranscontinental 8ailroa! +ranscontinental 8ailroa! Cre!it DobilierCre!it Dobilier D nn vs. )llinoisD nn vs. )llinois )nterstate Co&&erce ,ct)nterstate Co&&erce ,ct

Key Names:K ey Names:

3eor%e D. 0 ll&an3eor%e D. 0 ll&an


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+he ,%e o" 8ailroa!s +he ,%e o" 8ailroa!s The growth andThe growth and

)onsolidation of)onsolidation ofthe railroadthe railroad

industry inowever, theun)he)5edun)he)5ed -ower-owerof the railroadof the railroad )om-anies)om-anies led toled towides-read abuseswides-read abuses and then reformsand then reforms


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8ailroa!s: )!eals v. 8eality8ailroa!s: )!eals v. 8eality )2E, S:)2E, S: ,!vent re,!vent re Aresh StartAresh Start an! Ownershipan! Ownership

8E, )+I:8E, )+I: Horrible wor*in% con!itionsHorrible wor*in% con!itions 2isease2isease 2eath2eath


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, ational etwor*:, ational etwor*: By !"#*, tra)5s hadBy !"#*, tra)5s had

been laid a)ross thebeen laid a)ross the)ontinent)ontinent 0olden0olden(-i5e8 &tah%(-i5e8 &tah%

ImmigrantsImmigrants fromfromChina and Ireland andChina and Ireland andout8of8wor5 Civil Warout8of8wor5 Civil Warvets -rovided most ofvets -rovided most ofthethe diE)ult labordiE)ult labor

Thousands lost theirThousands lost theirlives and tens oflives and tens ofthousands werethousands werein;ured laying tra)5 in;ured laying tra)5


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4or*er 2iscri&ination4or*er 2iscri&ination 4hite &en wo l! earn J?KLJ6K an!4hite &en wo l! earn J?KLJ6K an!

wor*e! a ten ho r !ay.wor*e! a ten ho r !ay.

Chinese wor*e! "ro& !awn ntil ! s* an!Chinese wor*e! "ro& !awn ntil ! s* an!earne! J7M a &onth.earne! J7M a &onth. 1 66 Chinese wor*ers were carvin% their1 66 Chinese wor*ers were carvin% their

way thro %h a %ranite &o ntain an!way thro %h a %ranite &o ntain an!

beca&e trappe! by ?K "eet o" snow on allbeca&e trappe! by ?K "eet o" snow on allsi!es. Aive &onths later wor*ers weresi!es. Aive &onths later wor*ers were"o n! with their tools "ro'en in their han!s."o n! with their tools "ro'en in their han!s.


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4hich o" the "ollowin% is O+ tr e in4hich o" the "ollowin% is O+ tr e inre%ar!s to railroa! wor*;re%ar!s to railroa! wor*;

1.1. )t was !an%ero s)t was !an%ero s(.(. +here was ra&pant +here was ra&pant

!iscri&ination!iscri&inationespecially a%ainstespecially a%ainstthe Chinese.the Chinese.

7.7. 2isease was a2isease was aproble&proble&

?.?. +he pay was +he pay was

a!e ate "or thea!e ate "or thetype o" wor* thattype o" wor* thatwas bein% !one.was bein% !one.

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8ailroa! an! +i&e:8ailroa! an! +i&e: Before !""1, ea)hBefore !""1, ea)h

)ommunity still)ommunity stillo-erated on its owno-erated on its owntimetime

Hor e6am-le: Noon inHor e6am-le: Noon inBoston was !+ minutesBoston was !+ minuteslater than noon in Newlater than noon in New

or5 City or5 City Indiana had do2ens ofIndiana had do2ens of

diDerent timesdiDerent times

No standard timeNo standard timereferen)ereferen)e

W>AT J/ B93M (%W>AT J/ B93M (%W &94 T>I( C/3AT3W &94 T>I( C/3AT3


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0ro"essor 2ow! Creates +i&e0ro"essor 2ow! Creates +i&eNones:Nones:

In !"#*, to remedy thisIn !"#*, to remedy this-roblem, Jrofessor C'H'-roblem, Jrofessor C'H'4owd -ro-osed dividing4owd -ro-osed dividingthe earth into +G timethe earth into +G time2ones2ones

The &'(' would beThe &'(' would bedivided into G 2ones: thedivided into G 2ones: theeastern, Central,eastern, Central,Mountain, and Ja)i7)Mountain, and Ja)i7)

!""1 = /ailroads!""1 = /ailroadssyn)hroni2ed theirsyn)hroni2ed theirwat)hes a)ross &'('wat)hes a)ross &'('

!""G = International!""G = InternationalConferen)e ado-ts 2onesConferen)e ado-ts 2ones

&( Congress did not&( Congress did notado-t this as the oE)ialado-t this as the oE)ialtime until !*!"time until !*!"


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T E 5OR67 IS 7IVI7E7 INTO 24 TIME ONES


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T E 9NITE7 STATES IS 7IVI7E7 INTO 4 TIME ONES


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8ailroa!s Sp r Other8ailroa!s Sp r Other)n! stries:)n! stries:

The ra-id growth ofThe ra-id growth ofthe railroad industrythe railroad industryin


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8ailroa!s e! to 3rowth o"8ailroa!s e! to 3rowth o"Cities:Cities:

Many ofMany of today stoday sma;or )itiesma;or )ities oweowetheir lega)y totheir lega)y tothe railroadthe railroad

Chi)ago,Chi)ago,Minnea-olis,Minnea-olis,

4enver, and4enver, and(eattle all(eattle all grewgrewu- than5s tou- than5s tothe railroadthe railroad7en er ; T,e Mile

ig, Ci'y


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0 ll&an: , Aactory an! ,0 ll&an: , Aactory an! , +own +own

InIn !"" , 0eorge Jullman!"" , 0eorge Jullman built a fa)tory forbuilt a fa)tory formanufa)turing slee-ers andmanufa)turing slee-ers andother railroad )ars in Illinoisother railroad )ars in Illinois

The nearbyThe nearby towntown JullmanJullmanbuilt for his em-loyees wasbuilt for his em-loyees wasmodeled after earlymodeled after earlyindustrial 3uro-ean townsindustrial 3uro-ean towns

Jullman wor5ers felt hisJullman wor5ers felt his-uritani)al town was too-uritani)al town was toostri)tstri)t

Jullman wanted a stableJullman wanted a stablewor5for)e that he )ouldwor5for)e that he )ould)ontrol in and out of the)ontrol in and out of thewor5-la)ewor5-la)e

When he lowered wages butWhen he lowered wages butnot rent = it led to a violentnot rent = it led to a violentstri5e in !"*G The loweredstri5e in !"*G The loweredwages were a result of !"*1wages were a result of !"*1-ani)%-ani)%

I ',ink ,e % ll( o


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How wo l! yo "eel abo t livin% in aHow wo l! yo "eel abo t livin% in aco&pany sponsore! town;co&pany sponsore! town;

1.1. ) li*e when people) li*e when people&a*e !ecisions "or &e.&a*e !ecisions "or &e.

(.(. )t wo l! have so&e)t wo l! have so&e

a!vanta%es li*ea!vanta%es li*e% arantee! ho sin%% arantee! ho sin%7.7. ) !onBt li*e havin%) !onBt li*e havin%

others control &yothers control &yprivate li"e.private li"e.

?.?. Ii*es9it is &y worst Ii*es9it is &y worstni%ht&are5ni%ht&are5

2

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Cre!it Dobilier Scan!al:Cre!it Dobilier Scan!al: (to)5holders(to)5holders of &nionof &nion

Ja)i7) /ailroadJa)i7) /ailroad formedformed aa )onstru)tion)onstru)tion)om-any)om-any in !"#Gin !"#G

(to)5holders then(to)5holders thengave )ontra)ts to thegave )ontra)ts to the)om-any to lay tra)5)om-any to lay tra)5at 1 times the a)tualat 1 times the a)tual)osts and -o)5eted the)osts and -o)5eted thediDeren)ediDeren)e

They donated sharesThey donated sharesof the sto)5 to +of the sto)5 to +/e-ubli)an members/e-ubli)an membersof Congress in !"#of Congress in !"# incl !in% " t re presi!entincl !in% " t re presi!ent

a&es 3ar$el!. a&es 3ar$el!.


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+he 3ran%e an! the +he 3ran%e an! the8ailroa!s:8ailroa!s:

Harmers were es-e)iallyHarmers were es-e)iallyaDe)ted by )orru-tion inaDe)ted by )orru-tion inthe railroad industrythe railroad industry

0rangers0rangers a farmersa farmersorgani2ation% -rotestedorgani2ation% -rotested

land deals, -ri)e 76ing, andland deals, -ri)e 76ing, and)harging diDerent rates to)harging diDerent rates todiDerent )ustomersdiDerent )ustomers

0ranger 9aws0ranger 9aws were thenwere then-assed -rote)ting farmers-assed -rote)ting farmers

Munn vs' IllinoisMunn vs' Illinois : !" %: !" %(tates were given(tates were givenregulation )ontrol ofregulation )ontrol ofrailroads by the Courtsrailroads by the Courts

This allowed for settingThis allowed for settingma6imum -ri)es forma6imum -ri)es forshi--ing goods and -eo-leshi--ing goods and -eo-leas well as allowing for noas well as allowing for nodsi)riminationdsi)rimination


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)nterstate Co&&erce ,ct:)nterstate Co&&erce ,ct: In !"" , the HederalIn !"" , the Hederal

government re8government re8established theirestablished their)ontrol over railroad)ontrol over railroada)tivitiesa)tivities

Congress -assed theCongress -assed theInterstate Commer)eInterstate Commer)eA)tA)t and established aand established a$8member Interstate$8member Interstate

Commer)eCommer)eCommission ICC%Commission ICC%

The ICC struggled toThe ICC struggled togain -ower until !* #gain -ower until !* #


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How was yo r wee*en!;How was yo r wee*en!;1.1. Excellent9)Excellent9)

watche! the Historywatche! the HistoryChannel5Channel5

(.(.S per9 ) rea! aS per9 ) rea! ahistory relate! boo*.history relate! boo*.

7.7. Cool9) reLenacte!Cool9) reLenacte!history battles.history battles.

?.?. +erri$c9) wrote a +erri$c9) wrote ahistory essay5history essay5

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Section 7: ObjectivesSection 7: Objectives By the end of the lesson, I will be able to:By the end of the lesson, I will be able to: 1. )!enti"y &ana%e&ent an! b siness1. )!enti"y &ana%e&ent an! b siness

strate%ies that contrib te! to the s ccess o"strate%ies that contrib te! to the s ccess o"b siness tycoons s ch as ,n!rew Carne%ie.b siness tycoons s ch as ,n!rew Carne%ie.

(. Explain Social 2arwinis& an! its e>ects on(. Explain Social 2arwinis& an! its e>ects onsociety.society.

7. S &&ari'e the e&er%ence an! %rowth o"7. S &&ari'e the e&er%ence an! %rowth o"

nions.nions. ?. Explain the violent reactions o" in! stry an!?. Explain the violent reactions o" in! stry an!%overn&ent to nion stri*es.%overn&ent to nion stri*es.


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Section 7: /i% / siness an!Section 7: /i% / siness an!aborabor

Main IdeaMain Idea : +he expansion: +he expansiono" in! stry res lte! in theo" in! stry res lte! in the%rowth o" bi% b siness an!%rowth o" bi% b siness an!pro&pte! laborers to "or&pro&pte! laborers to "or&

nions to better their lives.nions to better their lives.

Why it Matters NowWh y it Matters Now ::Dany o" the strate%ies se!Dany o" the strate%ies se!to!ay in in! stry an! in theto!ay in in! stry an! in thelabor &ove&ent# s ch aslabor &ove&ent# s ch as

stri*in%# have their ori%insstri*in%# have their ori%insin the late 1-in the late 1- thth cent ry.cent ry.

Terms:Terms: ertical inte%ration an! hori'ontalertical inte%ration an! hori'ontal

consoli!ationconsoli!ation Social 2arwinis&Social 2arwinis&

Sher&an ,ntitr st ,ctSher&an ,ntitr st ,ct ,&erican Ae!eration o" abor,&erican Ae!eration o" abor


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Section 7: /i% / siness an!Section 7: /i% / siness an!aborabor

Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie was one of the 7rstwas one of the 7rstindustrial mogulsindustrial moguls

>e entered the>e entered thesteel industry insteel industry in!" 1!" 1

By !"**, theBy !"**, theCarnegie (teelCarnegie (teelCom-anyCom-any manufa)tured moremanufa)tured moresteel than all thesteel than all thefa)tories in 0reatfa)tories in 0reatBritain )ombinedBritain )ombined

C)rnegie Mellon 9ni er(i'y


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Carne%ie / sinessCarne%ie / siness0ractices:0ractices:

Carnegie initiatedCarnegie initiatedmany new businessmany new business-ra)ti)es su)h as.-ra)ti)es su)h as.

(ear)hing for ways(ear)hing for waysto ma5eto ma5e betterbetter-rodu)ts more-rodu)ts more)hea-ly)hea-ly

A))ounting systemsA))ounting systemsto tra)5 e6-ensesto tra)5 e6-enses

Attra)ting @ualityAttra)ting @uality-eo-le by oDering-eo-le by oDeringthem sto)5 ?them sto)5 ?bene7tsbene7tsAN7RE5 CARNE>IE

183 ?1#1#


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Carne%ieBs erticalCarne%ieBs ertical)nte%ration:)nte%ration:

CarnegieCarnegie attem-tedattem-tedtoto )ontrol)ontrol as mu)has mu)hof the steelof the steelindustry as -ossibleindustry as -ossible

>ow Lerti)al>ow Lerti)alintegration.integration. hehebought out hisbought out hissu--liers )oalsu--liers )oal7elds, iron mines,7elds, iron mines,

ore freighters, andore freighters, andrail lines% in orderrail lines% in orderto )ontrol materialsto )ontrol materialsand trans-ortationand trans-ortation


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Hori'ontal Consoli!ation:Hori'ontal Consoli!ation: Additionally, CarnegieAdditionally, Carnegie

bought u- thebought u- the)om-etition)om-etition throughthroughfriendly and hostilefriendly and hostile

ta5eoversta5eovers This is 5nown asThis is 5nown as>ori2ontal>ori2ontalConsolidation.Consolidation. buyingbuying)om-anies that -rodu)e)om-anies that -rodu)esimilar -rodu)ts = in thissimilar -rodu)ts = in this

)ase other steel)ase other steel)om-anies)om-anies By !* ! he -rodu)edBy !* ! he -rodu)ed

" F of the nation s" F of the nation ssteelsteel

h


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/ siness 3rowth an!/ siness 3rowth an!Consoli!ationConsoli!ation

MergersMergers )ould result)ould resultin a mono-olyin a mono-oly Trust%Trust%

A mono-oly isA mono-oly is)om-lete )ontrol over)om-lete )ontrol overan industryan industry

An e6am-le ofAn e6am-le of)onsolidation: In !" ,)onsolidation: In !" ,/o)5efeller/o)5efeller (tandard(tandard

il Com-any ownedil Com-any owned

+F of the )ountry s+F of the )ountry s)rude oil)rude oil By !"" = it )ontrolledBy !"" = it )ontrolled

* F of &'(' )rude oil* F of &'(' )rude oil


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Social 2arwinis&:Social 2arwinis&: The -hiloso-hy 5nownThe -hiloso-hy 5nown

asas (o)ial 4arwinism(o)ial 4arwinism hashasits origins in 4arwin sits origins in 4arwin stheory of evolutiontheory of evolution

4arwin theori2ed that4arwin theori2ed thatsome individuals in asome individuals in as-e)ies erbert (-en)er% believed ri)hes was abelieved ri)hes was asign of 0od s favor, andsign of 0od s favor, andbeing -oor was a signbeing -oor was a signof inferiority andof inferiority andla2inessla2iness

C,)rle( 7)r.in6IMITE7 IS@IN7IN>S TOT E ANIMA65OR67

er er' S%en&er

COINE7 T ERASE

$S9RVIVA6 O@

T E @ITTEST+


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aisse'LAaire Econo&icsaisse'LAaire Econo&ics

+heory base! on the Arench ter& +heory base! on the Arench ter&Pallow to !oQPallow to !oQ

+he &ar*etplace sho l! not be +he &ar*etplace sho l! not beinter"ere! with by the %overn&entinter"ere! with by the %overn&entthro %h the se o" re% lationsthro %h the se o" re% lations

/asically: +he &ore co&petition/asically: +he &ore co&petitionthe better5the better5


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8obber /arons:8obber /arons: Alarmed at the )ut8Alarmed at the )ut8

throat ta)ti)s ofthroat ta)ti)s ofindustrialists, )riti)sindustrialists, )riti)sbegan to )all thembegan to )all them

/obber Barons/obber Baronsbased on 3uro-eanbased on 3uro-ean

feudalism%feudalism% Hamous /obberHamous /obber

Barons in)ludedBarons in)ludedCarnegie, /o)5efeller,Carnegie, /o)5efeller,Landerbilt, (tanford,Landerbilt, (tanford,and 'J' Morganand 'J' Morgan

-i)tured%-i)tured%


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8obber /arons 4ere8obber /arons 4ere3enero s +oo:3enero s +oo:

4es-ite being labeled4es-ite being labeledas greedy barons, ri)has greedy barons, ri)hindustrialists did haveindustrialists did havea generous sidea generous side

When very ri)h -eo-leWhen very ri)h -eo-legive away lots ofgive away lots ofmoney it is )alledmoney it is )alled

Jhilanthro-yJhilanthro-y Carnegie builtCarnegie built libraries,libraries,

/o)5efeller, 9eland/o)5efeller, 9eland(tanford, and Cornelius(tanford, and CorneliusLanderbilt builtLanderbilt built s)hoolss)hools

8oc*e"eller an! Carne%ie8oc*e"eller an! Carne%ie%ave an esti&ate! J (M%ave an esti&ate! J (M&illion !ollars to the&illion !ollars to theco&& nityco&& nity

ROC E@E66ER

C A E6 ; 9NIVERSITYO@ C ICA>O


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Carne%ieBs 3ospel o"Carne%ieBs 3ospel o"4ealth4ealth

0eople sho l! be allowe! to earn as0eople sho l! be allowe! to earn as& ch &oney as possible witho t& ch &oney as possible witho t

inter"erence /U+9inter"erence /U+9 0eople sho l! also pass alon% &oney to0eople sho l! also pass alon% &oney toworthy ca sesworthy ca ses

)n Carne%ieBs case -KR o" his)n Carne%ieBs case -KR o" his wealthwealth


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Carne%ieBs P%ospel o"Carne%ieBs P%ospel o"wealthQ;wealthQ;

1.1. +otally a%ree +otally a%ree(.(. So&ewhatSo&ewhat

a%reea%ree7.7. So&ewhatSo&ewhat

!isa%ree!isa%ree?.?. Co&pletelyCo&pletely

!isa%ree.!isa%ree.

:+

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2121 2222 2323 2424 22 2!2! 2"2" 2828 2#2# 3030


53/65

Sher&an ,ntiL+r st ,ct:Sher&an ,ntiL+r st ,ct: InIn !"* , the (herman!"* , the (herman

Anti8Trust A)tAnti8Trust A)t made itmade itillegal to form a mono-olyillegal to form a mono-oly

Trust%Trust% Jrose)uting )om-aniesJrose)uting )om-anies

under the A)t was notunder the A)t was noteasy = a business wouldeasy = a business wouldsim-ly reorgani2e intosim-ly reorgani2e intosingle )om-anies to avoidsingle )om-anies to avoid-rose)ution Instead of !-rose)ution Instead of !giant (tandard il, theregiant (tandard il, therewould be many smallerwould be many smallerversions%versions%

(even of eight )ases(even of eight )asesbrought before thebrought before the(u-reme Court were(u-reme Court werethrown out Lery diE)ultthrown out Lery diE)ultto enfor)eO%to enfor)eO%

4 * H ! 0


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4or*ers Ha! 0oor4or*ers Ha! 0oorCon!itions:Con!itions:

Wor5ers routinelyWor5ers routinelywor5ed # or days awor5ed # or days awee5, had no va)ations,wee5, had no va)ations,no si)5 leave, and nono si)5 leave, and no)om-ensation for)om-ensation forin;uries, wor5ed inin;uries, wor5ed inunsanitary, -oorlyunsanitary, -oorlyventilated environmentsventilated environments

In;uries were )ommonIn;uries were )ommon ==In !""+, an average ofIn !""+, an average of# $ wor5ers were 5illed# $ wor5ers were 5illedJ3/ W33K J3/ W33K on the ;obon the ;ob

Men earned roughlyMen earned roughlyPG*" -er year, womenPG*" -er year, womenP+#* andQCarnegie P+1P+#* andQCarnegie P+1MI99I NMI99I N


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abor Unions E&er%e:abor Unions E&er%e: AsAs )onditions)onditions forfor

laborerslaborers worsened,worsened, wor5ers reali2ed theywor5ers reali2ed theyneeded to organi2eneeded to organi2e

The 7rst large8s)aleThe 7rst large8s)alenational organi2ation ofnational organi2ation ofwor5ers was thewor5ers was the NationalNational9abor &nion in !"##9abor &nion in !"##

William (ylvis% >eWilliam (ylvis% >een)ouraged to o-enen)ouraged to o-enmembershi- to all -eo-lemembershi- to all -eo-le

The Colored NationalThe Colored National9abor &nion followed9abor &nion followedwhen )ertain unionswhen )ertain unionsrefused Afri)an8refused Afri)an8Ameri)ans to ;oinAmeri)ans to ;oin


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Cra"t Unions:Cra"t Unions: Craft &nions were unions ofCraft &nions were unions of

wor5ers in a s5illed tradewor5ers in a s5illed trade (amuel 0om-ers(amuel 0om-ers led theled the

Cigar Ma5ers InternationalCigar Ma5ers International&nion to ;oin with other )raft&nion to ;oin with other )raftunions in !""#unions in !""#

0om-ers be)ame -resident of0om-ers be)ame -resident ofthethe Ameri)an Hederation ofAmeri)an Hederation of9abor AH9%9abor AH9%

>e fo)used on )olle)tive>e fo)used on )olle)tivebargaining to im-rovebargaining to im-rove)onditions, wages and hours)onditions, wages and hours

Collective bar%ainin%


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)n! strial Unionis&:)n! strial Unionis&: (ome unions were(ome unions were

formed with wor5ersformed with wor5erswithin a s-e)i7)within a s-e)i7)industryindustry

3ugene 4ebs3ugene 4ebs attem-ted thisattem-ted thisIndustrial &nionIndustrial &nionwith the railwaywith the railwaywor5erswor5ers

In !"*G, the newIn !"*G, the newunionunion won a stri5ewon a stri5e for higher wagesfor higher wagesand at its -ea5 hadand at its -ea5 had!$ , members!$ , members


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Socialis& an! the )44Socialis& an! the )44 (ome unionists in)luding(ome unionists in)luding

4ebs% turned to a4ebs% turned to aso)ialismso)ialism = an e)onomi)= an e)onomi)and -oliti)al systemand -oliti)al systembased on governmentbased on government

)ontrol of business and)ontrol of business and-ro-erty and an e@ual-ro-erty and an e@ualdistribution of wealthdistribution of wealthamong all )iti2ensamong all )iti2ens

The International Wor5ersThe International Wor5ersof the World IWW% orof the World IWW% orWobbliesWobblies , was one su)h, was one su)hso)ialist union 9ed byso)ialist union 9ed byWilliam >aywood%William >aywood%

Calle! "or the joinin% o" allCalle! "or the joinin% o" allwor*ers


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Stri*es + rn iolent:Stri*es + rn iolent: (everal stri5es turned(everal stri5es turned

deadly in the late !*deadly in the late !* thth )entury as wor5ers and)entury as wor5ers andowners )lashedowners )lashed

The Great Strike of 1877:The Great Strike of 1877:

Wor5ers for theWor5ers for theBaltimore and hioBaltimore and hio/ailroad stru)5 to/ailroad stru)5 to-rotest wage )uts-rotest wage )uts

ther rail wor5ers a)rossther rail wor5ers a)rossthe )ountry stru)5 inthe )ountry stru)5 insym-athysym-athy

Hederal troo-s wereHederal troo-s were)alled in to end the)alled in to end thestri5estri5e at the re est o"at the re est o"0resi!ent Hayes0resi!ent Hayes


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+he Hay&ar*et ,>air: +he Hay&ar*et ,>air: 9abor leaders )ontinued9abor leaders )ontinued

to -ush for )hange =to -ush for )hange =and onand on May G, !""#May G, !""# 1, -eo-le gathered1, -eo-le gathered

at Chi)ago s >aymar5etat Chi)ago s >aymar5et(@uare to -rotest -oli)e(@uare to -rotest -oli)etreatment of stri5ingtreatment of stri5ingwor5erswor5ers

A bomb e6-loded nearA bomb e6-loded nearthe -oli)e linethe -oli)e line = 5illing = 5illing

)o-s and several)o-s and severalwor5erswor5ers /adi)als were rounded/adi)als were rounded

u- and e6e)uted for theu- and e6e)uted for the)rime)rime


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+he Ho&estea! Stri*e: +he Ho&estea! Stri*e: 3ven3ven Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie

)ould not es)a-e a)ould not es)a-e awor5ers stri5ewor5ers stri5e

Conditions and wagesConditions and wageswere not satisfa)tory inwere not satisfa)tory in

his (teel -lant inhis (teel -lant inJennsylvania and wor5ersJennsylvania and wor5ersstru)5 in !"*+stru)5 in !"*+

Carnegie hired Jin5ertonCarnegie hired Jin5erton4ete)tives to guard the4ete)tives to guard the-lant and allow s)abs to-lant and allow s)abs towor5 wor5

4ete)tives and stri5ers4ete)tives and stri5ers)lashed = 1 dete)tives and)lashed = 1 dete)tives and* stri5ers died* stri5ers died

The National guardThe National guardrestored order = wor5ersrestored order = wor5ersreturned to wor5 returned to wor5


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+he 0 ll&an Stri*e: +he 0 ll&an Stri*e: After theAfter the JullmanJullman

Com-anyCom-any laid oDlaid oDthousands of wor5ersthousands of wor5ersand )ut wages, theand )ut wages, thewor5ers went onwor5ers went on stri5estri5ein the s-ring of in the s-ring of !"*G!"*G

3ugene 4ebs3ugene 4ebs Ameri)an /ailroadAmeri)an /ailroad

&nion% tried to settle&nion% tried to settledis-ute whi)h turneddis-ute whi)h turnedviolentviolent

Jullman hired s)absJullman hired s)absand 7red the stri5ersand 7red the stri5ers ==Hederal troo-s wereHederal troo-s werebrought inbrought in

4ebs was ;ailed4ebs was ;ailed


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4o&en Or%ani'e:4o&en Or%ani'e: Although women wereAlthough women were

barred from most unions,barred from most unions,they did organi2e behindthey did organi2e behind-owerful leaders su)h as-owerful leaders su)h asMary >arris onesMary >arris ones

(he organi2ed the &nited(he organi2ed the &nitedMine Wor5ers of Ameri)aMine Wor5ers of Ameri)a Mine wor5ers gave herMine wor5ers gave her

the ni)5name,the ni)5name, MotherMother ones ones

Jauline NewmanJauline Newman organi2ed theorgani2ed theInternational 9adiesInternational 9adies0arment Wor5ers &nion0arment Wor5ers &nionat the age of !#at the age of !#


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E&ployers Ai%ht Unions:E&ployers Ai%ht Unions: The more -owerful theThe more -owerful the

unions be)ame, the moreunions be)ame, the moreem-loyers )ame to fearem-loyers )ame to fearthemthem

3m-loyers often forbade3m-loyers often forbadeunion meetingsunion meetings andandrefused to re)ogni2erefused to re)ogni2eunionsunions

3m-loyers for)ed new3m-loyers for)ed newwor5ers towor5ers to sign ellowsign ellow4og Contra)ts,4og Contra)ts, swearing that theyswearing that theywould never ;oin a unionwould never ;oin a union

4es-ite those eDorts,4es-ite those eDorts,the AH9 had over +the AH9 had over +million members by !*!Gmillion members by !*!G

h h &


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4hat !o yo thin* o" &o!ern4hat !o yo thin* o" &o!ern!ay nions;!ay nions;

1.1. +hey are still +hey are stillnecessary.necessary.

(.(. +hey sho l! be +hey sho l! beli&ite!.li&ite!.

7.7. +hey are nnecessa ry +hey are nnecessaryb t ) !onBt have anb t ) !onBt have aniss e with the&.iss e with the&.

?.?. +hey are nnecessary +hey are nnecessaryan! i&pe!e an!an! i&pe!e an!inter"ere withinter"ere withb siness.b siness.

+$

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Ch6 - A New Industrial Age-2-0

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Transcript of Ch6 - A New Industrial Age-2-0