Life in the Industrial Age

1800-1914

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The Industrial Revolution

Spreads

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Factors that led others to industrializeNatural resourcesUse ideas & tech of U.K.

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Source: Prentice Hall Ms. Ramos

Effects of industrializationRapid urbanizationLong hours & dangerous

conditionsMany new goods at lower

pricesPoliticsGlobal trade competition

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TechnologySteele production- Henry

BessemerDynamite- Alfred NobelDynamo- Michael FaradayElec. Light bulb- Thomas

Edison

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New ProductionInterchangeable partsAssembly line

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Transport & CommunicationAutomobi

leAirplaneTelegraphTelephon

e Radio

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BusinessCorporationsMonopolies & trustsCartel“Captains of industry” v.

“Robber barons”

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http://www.uoregon.edu/~eberkshi/webquest/webquest/introduction_files/image002.jpg

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The Rise of the Cities

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Medicine adds to pop.Germ theory- Louis PasteurTuberculosis- Robert KochAnesthisiaSanitation & nursing-

Florence NightingaleAntiseptic- Joseph Lister

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City Life ChangesUrban renewalPaved lit streetsSewersSkyscrapersEntertainmentSlums persistedHigh crime rates

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Working Class AdvancesMutual-aid societiesMen gain suffrageUnion actionGov pass working regulationsHigher standard of living

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Life in Industrial Age

Expanded Discussion Points From Class

As the Industrial Age progressed in the late 1800s, one technology changed industry and daily life more than any other-

electricity.

•Scientists interested in electricity for centuries

– Ben Franklin, 1700s

– Michael Faraday discovered magnetism, electricity connection 1831

– Dynamo powered electric motor

•Swan developed primitive lightbulb, 1860

Early Attempts• First usable, practical

lightbulb invented 1879

• Edison’s lightbulb came through trial and error and many hours of work in lab

• Other inventions:– Generators

– Motors

– Light sockets

– Electric power plant

Edison’s Light bulb

Electric Power

Effects on Industry and Daily LifeElectric power transformed industry in Europe and the United

States

Improved industry in 3 significant ways

Factories no longer had to rely on steam engines

Factories did not have to depend on waterways to power steam engines

Factories became less dependent on sunlight, increased production

Improved daily life

Cheaper, more convenient light source than gas, oil

Other electrical devices soon created

Analyze

How did electricity change industry and daily life?

Analyze

How did electricity change industry and daily life?

Answer(s): Factories no longer needed steam engines or water sources to power them; production increased; people could light their homes and businesses more safely and effectively with electric lighting.

• Bessemer process, forcing air through molten metal to burn out impurities, strengthen steel

• Factories increased production of locomotives, tracks

• Stronger steel used to build bridges

• 30,000 mile network of railroads linking major American cities, 1860

• New railroads helped grow cities in American West

Improvements in Steel• Boats on canals, rivers best

for long-distance travel, in early 1800s

• With development of efficient steam engines, trains replace boats

• Trains could carry heavy loads, traveled faster than watercraft

• World’s first rail line, Britain 1830

• 3,000 miles of railroads, Eastern U.S. 1840

Steam Powered Trains

Advances in Transportation

Rail technology around the world India’s first train, 1851 First African railroad, Egypt 1852 Trans-Siberian Railroad in Russia, world’s longest, 1891

Food products Perishable foods could get to market before spoiling Frozen beef shipped by rail from west to east Shoppers had more food choices

Travel and trade Expansion of railroads increased markets Trains moved huge loads efficiently, transportation costs declined New products became available

Advances in Transportation

Steamships• Steamships changed ocean travel• Not dependent on wind, could travel through any weather• U.S. steamship service began, west around South America to east,

1849• Long distance movement of goods economically viable by 1870• Passenger travel began shortly thereafter

• First attempts, Europe 1769• 1885-1886 Daimler and Benz

developed practical automobiles

• Early U.S. autos too expensive• Henry Ford built first

affordable cars, mass production, 1908

• More roads than rail lines, 1915

The Automobile

• Wilbur and Orville Wright flew first sustained powered flight, 1903

• Developed airplane over four years

• Glider-powered with internal combustion engine

• Paved the way for commercial, military airplanes

The Airplane

Advances in Transportation

Identifying Cause and Effect

What effect did advances in transportation have on daily life?

Identifying Cause and Effect

What effect did advances in transportation have on daily life?

Answer(s): better and faster means of transportation; made it possible to get more goods to market at lower costs, increasing consumers' choices

Early 1800s Communication

• Much slower than today

• Boat, messenger on foot, horseback or carriage

• Entrepreneurs, inventors searched for faster ways

“What hath God wrought?”

• First telegraph message from Morse, 1844

• Telegraph wires between Washington D.C., Baltimore

• New era in communication

The Telegraph

• Telegraph invented, 1837

• Samuel Morse also invented a “language” for those messages

• Messages transmitted as electrical pulses

Growth of Telegraph

• Much of country linked by 1861

• Telegraph cable to Europe, 1866; to India, 1870

• Globalized personal and business communication

Advances in Communication

The Telephone Alexander Graham Bell tried to create way to send multiple

telegraph messages at same time Invented telephone 1876

Demand for telephones Increased during 1880s Thousands of miles of phone lines laid across U.S. Almost 1.5 million phones installed by 1900

“Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you.” Bell sent message to assistant from one room to another

Watson heard message through receiver

Advances in Communication

Advances in CommunicationThe Radio and Phonograph

Telephone technology limited by length of wires New wireless technology

Guglielmo Marconi built wireless telegraph, 1895 Radio first used as communication device for ships Later used for entertainment and news

Sound recording technology Thomas Edison invented phonograph Music became available to everyone

Contrast

How did the telegraph differ from the telephone?

Contrast

How did the telegraph differ from the telephone?

Answer(s): telegraph transmitted coded messages; telephone transmitted voice