Ch407h Project 05 Raymond Solar Energy
description
Transcript of Ch407h Project 05 Raymond Solar Energy
11
Solar EnergySolar Energy
Raymond F CarlRaymond F Carl
22
History of Solar EnergyHistory of Solar EnergyTypes of Solar Energy TechnologiesTypes of Solar Energy Technologies
PassivePassiveConcentration Concentration PhotovoltaicPhotovoltaic
Photovoltaic Cell (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cell (Solar Cells)Materials and Efficiency Materials and Efficiency
Inorganic Inorganic OrganicOrganic
Concerns about risks of toxic materials in PV CellsConcerns about risks of toxic materials in PV Cells
33
The History of Solar EnergyThe History of Solar Energy Greeks used passive solar to heat Buildings (400 BC)Greeks used passive solar to heat Buildings (400 BC) Romans improved by using glass to trap heat in the Romans improved by using glass to trap heat in the
buildings and green houses (100 AD)buildings and green houses (100 AD) 17001700 Antoine LaVoisier built a solar heater Antoine LaVoisier built a solar heater 1839 1839 French physicist Antoine-Cesar Becquerel French physicist Antoine-Cesar Becquerel
observed that shining light on an electrode submerged observed that shining light on an electrode submerged in a conductive solution would create an electric in a conductive solution would create an electric currentcurrent
18601860 The First Solar Motor heated water used to The First Solar Motor heated water used to drive a steam motor Auguste Mouchoutdrive a steam motor Auguste Mouchout
18831883 American Charles Fritts described the first solar American Charles Fritts described the first solar cells which was made from selenium waferscells which was made from selenium wafers
44
The History of Solar EnergyThe History of Solar Energy 1900 1900 The photoelectric effect was discovered The photoelectric effect was discovered 1904 1904 Henry E Willsie first use of solar energy at night Henry E Willsie first use of solar energy at night 19161916 Millikan provided experimental proof of the Millikan provided experimental proof of the
photoelectric effect photoelectric effect 19181918 Polish scientist Czochralski developed a way to grow Polish scientist Czochralski developed a way to grow
single-crystal silicon single-crystal silicon 19411941 American Russell Ohl invented a silicon solar cell American Russell Ohl invented a silicon solar cell 1954 1954 Bell Labs researchers Pearson Chapin and Fuller Bell Labs researchers Pearson Chapin and Fuller
reported their discovery of 45 efficient silicon solar cells reported their discovery of 45 efficient silicon solar cells 1950rsquos 1950rsquos Solar cells developed for satellites Solar cells developed for satellites 19601960 Hoffman Electronics achieved 14 efficient PV cells Hoffman Electronics achieved 14 efficient PV cells 19731973 OPEC Energy Crisis causes US to re-examine use of OPEC Energy Crisis causes US to re-examine use of
renewable energy sources federal and state tax credits result renewable energy sources federal and state tax credits result in rapid growth for a new solar industry in rapid growth for a new solar industry
55
PassivePassive Direct Solar GainDirect Solar Gain
South facing large South facing large windowswindows
Floors walls ceiling Floors walls ceiling used to trap heat The used to trap heat The heat is released at heat is released at night night
66
PassivePassive Indirect Solar GainIndirect Solar Gain
Thermal storage materials are placed between the interior habitable space and the sun
Can use vents in wall to help circulate hot air through room
77
PassivePassive Isolated Solar GainIsolated Solar Gain Uses a fluid (liquid or air) Uses a fluid (liquid or air)
to collect heat in a to collect heat in a flat flat plate solar collectorplate solar collector attached to the structure attached to the structure
88
ConcentrationConcentration Power towersPower towers
Large field of mirriors Large field of mirriors is used to concentrate is used to concentrate the sunlightthe sunlight
Concentrated Sunlight Concentrated Sunlight is used to heat molten is used to heat molten salt salt
99
ConcentrationConcentration Trough CollectorsTrough Collectors
Uses parabolic mirrors Uses parabolic mirrors to heat a fluid in an to heat a fluid in an absorbing tubeabsorbing tube
Hot fluid is used to boil Hot fluid is used to boil water to run a steam water to run a steam generator generator
1010
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Photoelectric effectPhotoelectric effect PN junction directly PN junction directly
converts sunlight into converts sunlight into electricityelectricity
Electricity can be stored Electricity can be stored for later useage or used for later useage or used on demandon demand
1111
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Multiple PN junction Cell Multiple PN junction Cell
has multiple transparent has multiple transparent layerslayers
Top layer absorbs the Top layer absorbs the high energy light and high energy light and passes rest throughpasses rest through
1212
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Solar Cells transform light Solar Cells transform light
to electricityto electricity Controller regulates were Controller regulates were
the charge is directedthe charge is directed Batteries store the energyBatteries store the energy Inverter converts from DC Inverter converts from DC
to ACto AC
1313
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thick Crystalline MaterialsThick Crystalline Materials
Crystalline SiliconCrystalline SiliconSingle-crystal Single-crystal MulticrystallineMulticrystallineEdge-defined film-fed growth Edge-defined film-fed growth DendriticDendritic
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
1414
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thin Film MaterialsThin Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS)
1515
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials ConcernsConcerns
Use of toxic metals like CadmiumUse of toxic metals like Cadmium Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of
PV silane PV silane hydrogen selenide Can the materials be recycled or are they
destined for landfills
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
22
History of Solar EnergyHistory of Solar EnergyTypes of Solar Energy TechnologiesTypes of Solar Energy Technologies
PassivePassiveConcentration Concentration PhotovoltaicPhotovoltaic
Photovoltaic Cell (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cell (Solar Cells)Materials and Efficiency Materials and Efficiency
Inorganic Inorganic OrganicOrganic
Concerns about risks of toxic materials in PV CellsConcerns about risks of toxic materials in PV Cells
33
The History of Solar EnergyThe History of Solar Energy Greeks used passive solar to heat Buildings (400 BC)Greeks used passive solar to heat Buildings (400 BC) Romans improved by using glass to trap heat in the Romans improved by using glass to trap heat in the
buildings and green houses (100 AD)buildings and green houses (100 AD) 17001700 Antoine LaVoisier built a solar heater Antoine LaVoisier built a solar heater 1839 1839 French physicist Antoine-Cesar Becquerel French physicist Antoine-Cesar Becquerel
observed that shining light on an electrode submerged observed that shining light on an electrode submerged in a conductive solution would create an electric in a conductive solution would create an electric currentcurrent
18601860 The First Solar Motor heated water used to The First Solar Motor heated water used to drive a steam motor Auguste Mouchoutdrive a steam motor Auguste Mouchout
18831883 American Charles Fritts described the first solar American Charles Fritts described the first solar cells which was made from selenium waferscells which was made from selenium wafers
44
The History of Solar EnergyThe History of Solar Energy 1900 1900 The photoelectric effect was discovered The photoelectric effect was discovered 1904 1904 Henry E Willsie first use of solar energy at night Henry E Willsie first use of solar energy at night 19161916 Millikan provided experimental proof of the Millikan provided experimental proof of the
photoelectric effect photoelectric effect 19181918 Polish scientist Czochralski developed a way to grow Polish scientist Czochralski developed a way to grow
single-crystal silicon single-crystal silicon 19411941 American Russell Ohl invented a silicon solar cell American Russell Ohl invented a silicon solar cell 1954 1954 Bell Labs researchers Pearson Chapin and Fuller Bell Labs researchers Pearson Chapin and Fuller
reported their discovery of 45 efficient silicon solar cells reported their discovery of 45 efficient silicon solar cells 1950rsquos 1950rsquos Solar cells developed for satellites Solar cells developed for satellites 19601960 Hoffman Electronics achieved 14 efficient PV cells Hoffman Electronics achieved 14 efficient PV cells 19731973 OPEC Energy Crisis causes US to re-examine use of OPEC Energy Crisis causes US to re-examine use of
renewable energy sources federal and state tax credits result renewable energy sources federal and state tax credits result in rapid growth for a new solar industry in rapid growth for a new solar industry
55
PassivePassive Direct Solar GainDirect Solar Gain
South facing large South facing large windowswindows
Floors walls ceiling Floors walls ceiling used to trap heat The used to trap heat The heat is released at heat is released at night night
66
PassivePassive Indirect Solar GainIndirect Solar Gain
Thermal storage materials are placed between the interior habitable space and the sun
Can use vents in wall to help circulate hot air through room
77
PassivePassive Isolated Solar GainIsolated Solar Gain Uses a fluid (liquid or air) Uses a fluid (liquid or air)
to collect heat in a to collect heat in a flat flat plate solar collectorplate solar collector attached to the structure attached to the structure
88
ConcentrationConcentration Power towersPower towers
Large field of mirriors Large field of mirriors is used to concentrate is used to concentrate the sunlightthe sunlight
Concentrated Sunlight Concentrated Sunlight is used to heat molten is used to heat molten salt salt
99
ConcentrationConcentration Trough CollectorsTrough Collectors
Uses parabolic mirrors Uses parabolic mirrors to heat a fluid in an to heat a fluid in an absorbing tubeabsorbing tube
Hot fluid is used to boil Hot fluid is used to boil water to run a steam water to run a steam generator generator
1010
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Photoelectric effectPhotoelectric effect PN junction directly PN junction directly
converts sunlight into converts sunlight into electricityelectricity
Electricity can be stored Electricity can be stored for later useage or used for later useage or used on demandon demand
1111
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Multiple PN junction Cell Multiple PN junction Cell
has multiple transparent has multiple transparent layerslayers
Top layer absorbs the Top layer absorbs the high energy light and high energy light and passes rest throughpasses rest through
1212
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Solar Cells transform light Solar Cells transform light
to electricityto electricity Controller regulates were Controller regulates were
the charge is directedthe charge is directed Batteries store the energyBatteries store the energy Inverter converts from DC Inverter converts from DC
to ACto AC
1313
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thick Crystalline MaterialsThick Crystalline Materials
Crystalline SiliconCrystalline SiliconSingle-crystal Single-crystal MulticrystallineMulticrystallineEdge-defined film-fed growth Edge-defined film-fed growth DendriticDendritic
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
1414
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thin Film MaterialsThin Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS)
1515
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials ConcernsConcerns
Use of toxic metals like CadmiumUse of toxic metals like Cadmium Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of
PV silane PV silane hydrogen selenide Can the materials be recycled or are they
destined for landfills
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
33
The History of Solar EnergyThe History of Solar Energy Greeks used passive solar to heat Buildings (400 BC)Greeks used passive solar to heat Buildings (400 BC) Romans improved by using glass to trap heat in the Romans improved by using glass to trap heat in the
buildings and green houses (100 AD)buildings and green houses (100 AD) 17001700 Antoine LaVoisier built a solar heater Antoine LaVoisier built a solar heater 1839 1839 French physicist Antoine-Cesar Becquerel French physicist Antoine-Cesar Becquerel
observed that shining light on an electrode submerged observed that shining light on an electrode submerged in a conductive solution would create an electric in a conductive solution would create an electric currentcurrent
18601860 The First Solar Motor heated water used to The First Solar Motor heated water used to drive a steam motor Auguste Mouchoutdrive a steam motor Auguste Mouchout
18831883 American Charles Fritts described the first solar American Charles Fritts described the first solar cells which was made from selenium waferscells which was made from selenium wafers
44
The History of Solar EnergyThe History of Solar Energy 1900 1900 The photoelectric effect was discovered The photoelectric effect was discovered 1904 1904 Henry E Willsie first use of solar energy at night Henry E Willsie first use of solar energy at night 19161916 Millikan provided experimental proof of the Millikan provided experimental proof of the
photoelectric effect photoelectric effect 19181918 Polish scientist Czochralski developed a way to grow Polish scientist Czochralski developed a way to grow
single-crystal silicon single-crystal silicon 19411941 American Russell Ohl invented a silicon solar cell American Russell Ohl invented a silicon solar cell 1954 1954 Bell Labs researchers Pearson Chapin and Fuller Bell Labs researchers Pearson Chapin and Fuller
reported their discovery of 45 efficient silicon solar cells reported their discovery of 45 efficient silicon solar cells 1950rsquos 1950rsquos Solar cells developed for satellites Solar cells developed for satellites 19601960 Hoffman Electronics achieved 14 efficient PV cells Hoffman Electronics achieved 14 efficient PV cells 19731973 OPEC Energy Crisis causes US to re-examine use of OPEC Energy Crisis causes US to re-examine use of
renewable energy sources federal and state tax credits result renewable energy sources federal and state tax credits result in rapid growth for a new solar industry in rapid growth for a new solar industry
55
PassivePassive Direct Solar GainDirect Solar Gain
South facing large South facing large windowswindows
Floors walls ceiling Floors walls ceiling used to trap heat The used to trap heat The heat is released at heat is released at night night
66
PassivePassive Indirect Solar GainIndirect Solar Gain
Thermal storage materials are placed between the interior habitable space and the sun
Can use vents in wall to help circulate hot air through room
77
PassivePassive Isolated Solar GainIsolated Solar Gain Uses a fluid (liquid or air) Uses a fluid (liquid or air)
to collect heat in a to collect heat in a flat flat plate solar collectorplate solar collector attached to the structure attached to the structure
88
ConcentrationConcentration Power towersPower towers
Large field of mirriors Large field of mirriors is used to concentrate is used to concentrate the sunlightthe sunlight
Concentrated Sunlight Concentrated Sunlight is used to heat molten is used to heat molten salt salt
99
ConcentrationConcentration Trough CollectorsTrough Collectors
Uses parabolic mirrors Uses parabolic mirrors to heat a fluid in an to heat a fluid in an absorbing tubeabsorbing tube
Hot fluid is used to boil Hot fluid is used to boil water to run a steam water to run a steam generator generator
1010
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Photoelectric effectPhotoelectric effect PN junction directly PN junction directly
converts sunlight into converts sunlight into electricityelectricity
Electricity can be stored Electricity can be stored for later useage or used for later useage or used on demandon demand
1111
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Multiple PN junction Cell Multiple PN junction Cell
has multiple transparent has multiple transparent layerslayers
Top layer absorbs the Top layer absorbs the high energy light and high energy light and passes rest throughpasses rest through
1212
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Solar Cells transform light Solar Cells transform light
to electricityto electricity Controller regulates were Controller regulates were
the charge is directedthe charge is directed Batteries store the energyBatteries store the energy Inverter converts from DC Inverter converts from DC
to ACto AC
1313
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thick Crystalline MaterialsThick Crystalline Materials
Crystalline SiliconCrystalline SiliconSingle-crystal Single-crystal MulticrystallineMulticrystallineEdge-defined film-fed growth Edge-defined film-fed growth DendriticDendritic
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
1414
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thin Film MaterialsThin Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS)
1515
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials ConcernsConcerns
Use of toxic metals like CadmiumUse of toxic metals like Cadmium Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of
PV silane PV silane hydrogen selenide Can the materials be recycled or are they
destined for landfills
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
44
The History of Solar EnergyThe History of Solar Energy 1900 1900 The photoelectric effect was discovered The photoelectric effect was discovered 1904 1904 Henry E Willsie first use of solar energy at night Henry E Willsie first use of solar energy at night 19161916 Millikan provided experimental proof of the Millikan provided experimental proof of the
photoelectric effect photoelectric effect 19181918 Polish scientist Czochralski developed a way to grow Polish scientist Czochralski developed a way to grow
single-crystal silicon single-crystal silicon 19411941 American Russell Ohl invented a silicon solar cell American Russell Ohl invented a silicon solar cell 1954 1954 Bell Labs researchers Pearson Chapin and Fuller Bell Labs researchers Pearson Chapin and Fuller
reported their discovery of 45 efficient silicon solar cells reported their discovery of 45 efficient silicon solar cells 1950rsquos 1950rsquos Solar cells developed for satellites Solar cells developed for satellites 19601960 Hoffman Electronics achieved 14 efficient PV cells Hoffman Electronics achieved 14 efficient PV cells 19731973 OPEC Energy Crisis causes US to re-examine use of OPEC Energy Crisis causes US to re-examine use of
renewable energy sources federal and state tax credits result renewable energy sources federal and state tax credits result in rapid growth for a new solar industry in rapid growth for a new solar industry
55
PassivePassive Direct Solar GainDirect Solar Gain
South facing large South facing large windowswindows
Floors walls ceiling Floors walls ceiling used to trap heat The used to trap heat The heat is released at heat is released at night night
66
PassivePassive Indirect Solar GainIndirect Solar Gain
Thermal storage materials are placed between the interior habitable space and the sun
Can use vents in wall to help circulate hot air through room
77
PassivePassive Isolated Solar GainIsolated Solar Gain Uses a fluid (liquid or air) Uses a fluid (liquid or air)
to collect heat in a to collect heat in a flat flat plate solar collectorplate solar collector attached to the structure attached to the structure
88
ConcentrationConcentration Power towersPower towers
Large field of mirriors Large field of mirriors is used to concentrate is used to concentrate the sunlightthe sunlight
Concentrated Sunlight Concentrated Sunlight is used to heat molten is used to heat molten salt salt
99
ConcentrationConcentration Trough CollectorsTrough Collectors
Uses parabolic mirrors Uses parabolic mirrors to heat a fluid in an to heat a fluid in an absorbing tubeabsorbing tube
Hot fluid is used to boil Hot fluid is used to boil water to run a steam water to run a steam generator generator
1010
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Photoelectric effectPhotoelectric effect PN junction directly PN junction directly
converts sunlight into converts sunlight into electricityelectricity
Electricity can be stored Electricity can be stored for later useage or used for later useage or used on demandon demand
1111
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Multiple PN junction Cell Multiple PN junction Cell
has multiple transparent has multiple transparent layerslayers
Top layer absorbs the Top layer absorbs the high energy light and high energy light and passes rest throughpasses rest through
1212
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Solar Cells transform light Solar Cells transform light
to electricityto electricity Controller regulates were Controller regulates were
the charge is directedthe charge is directed Batteries store the energyBatteries store the energy Inverter converts from DC Inverter converts from DC
to ACto AC
1313
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thick Crystalline MaterialsThick Crystalline Materials
Crystalline SiliconCrystalline SiliconSingle-crystal Single-crystal MulticrystallineMulticrystallineEdge-defined film-fed growth Edge-defined film-fed growth DendriticDendritic
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
1414
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thin Film MaterialsThin Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS)
1515
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials ConcernsConcerns
Use of toxic metals like CadmiumUse of toxic metals like Cadmium Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of
PV silane PV silane hydrogen selenide Can the materials be recycled or are they
destined for landfills
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
55
PassivePassive Direct Solar GainDirect Solar Gain
South facing large South facing large windowswindows
Floors walls ceiling Floors walls ceiling used to trap heat The used to trap heat The heat is released at heat is released at night night
66
PassivePassive Indirect Solar GainIndirect Solar Gain
Thermal storage materials are placed between the interior habitable space and the sun
Can use vents in wall to help circulate hot air through room
77
PassivePassive Isolated Solar GainIsolated Solar Gain Uses a fluid (liquid or air) Uses a fluid (liquid or air)
to collect heat in a to collect heat in a flat flat plate solar collectorplate solar collector attached to the structure attached to the structure
88
ConcentrationConcentration Power towersPower towers
Large field of mirriors Large field of mirriors is used to concentrate is used to concentrate the sunlightthe sunlight
Concentrated Sunlight Concentrated Sunlight is used to heat molten is used to heat molten salt salt
99
ConcentrationConcentration Trough CollectorsTrough Collectors
Uses parabolic mirrors Uses parabolic mirrors to heat a fluid in an to heat a fluid in an absorbing tubeabsorbing tube
Hot fluid is used to boil Hot fluid is used to boil water to run a steam water to run a steam generator generator
1010
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Photoelectric effectPhotoelectric effect PN junction directly PN junction directly
converts sunlight into converts sunlight into electricityelectricity
Electricity can be stored Electricity can be stored for later useage or used for later useage or used on demandon demand
1111
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Multiple PN junction Cell Multiple PN junction Cell
has multiple transparent has multiple transparent layerslayers
Top layer absorbs the Top layer absorbs the high energy light and high energy light and passes rest throughpasses rest through
1212
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Solar Cells transform light Solar Cells transform light
to electricityto electricity Controller regulates were Controller regulates were
the charge is directedthe charge is directed Batteries store the energyBatteries store the energy Inverter converts from DC Inverter converts from DC
to ACto AC
1313
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thick Crystalline MaterialsThick Crystalline Materials
Crystalline SiliconCrystalline SiliconSingle-crystal Single-crystal MulticrystallineMulticrystallineEdge-defined film-fed growth Edge-defined film-fed growth DendriticDendritic
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
1414
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thin Film MaterialsThin Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS)
1515
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials ConcernsConcerns
Use of toxic metals like CadmiumUse of toxic metals like Cadmium Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of
PV silane PV silane hydrogen selenide Can the materials be recycled or are they
destined for landfills
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
66
PassivePassive Indirect Solar GainIndirect Solar Gain
Thermal storage materials are placed between the interior habitable space and the sun
Can use vents in wall to help circulate hot air through room
77
PassivePassive Isolated Solar GainIsolated Solar Gain Uses a fluid (liquid or air) Uses a fluid (liquid or air)
to collect heat in a to collect heat in a flat flat plate solar collectorplate solar collector attached to the structure attached to the structure
88
ConcentrationConcentration Power towersPower towers
Large field of mirriors Large field of mirriors is used to concentrate is used to concentrate the sunlightthe sunlight
Concentrated Sunlight Concentrated Sunlight is used to heat molten is used to heat molten salt salt
99
ConcentrationConcentration Trough CollectorsTrough Collectors
Uses parabolic mirrors Uses parabolic mirrors to heat a fluid in an to heat a fluid in an absorbing tubeabsorbing tube
Hot fluid is used to boil Hot fluid is used to boil water to run a steam water to run a steam generator generator
1010
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Photoelectric effectPhotoelectric effect PN junction directly PN junction directly
converts sunlight into converts sunlight into electricityelectricity
Electricity can be stored Electricity can be stored for later useage or used for later useage or used on demandon demand
1111
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Multiple PN junction Cell Multiple PN junction Cell
has multiple transparent has multiple transparent layerslayers
Top layer absorbs the Top layer absorbs the high energy light and high energy light and passes rest throughpasses rest through
1212
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Solar Cells transform light Solar Cells transform light
to electricityto electricity Controller regulates were Controller regulates were
the charge is directedthe charge is directed Batteries store the energyBatteries store the energy Inverter converts from DC Inverter converts from DC
to ACto AC
1313
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thick Crystalline MaterialsThick Crystalline Materials
Crystalline SiliconCrystalline SiliconSingle-crystal Single-crystal MulticrystallineMulticrystallineEdge-defined film-fed growth Edge-defined film-fed growth DendriticDendritic
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
1414
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thin Film MaterialsThin Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS)
1515
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials ConcernsConcerns
Use of toxic metals like CadmiumUse of toxic metals like Cadmium Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of
PV silane PV silane hydrogen selenide Can the materials be recycled or are they
destined for landfills
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
77
PassivePassive Isolated Solar GainIsolated Solar Gain Uses a fluid (liquid or air) Uses a fluid (liquid or air)
to collect heat in a to collect heat in a flat flat plate solar collectorplate solar collector attached to the structure attached to the structure
88
ConcentrationConcentration Power towersPower towers
Large field of mirriors Large field of mirriors is used to concentrate is used to concentrate the sunlightthe sunlight
Concentrated Sunlight Concentrated Sunlight is used to heat molten is used to heat molten salt salt
99
ConcentrationConcentration Trough CollectorsTrough Collectors
Uses parabolic mirrors Uses parabolic mirrors to heat a fluid in an to heat a fluid in an absorbing tubeabsorbing tube
Hot fluid is used to boil Hot fluid is used to boil water to run a steam water to run a steam generator generator
1010
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Photoelectric effectPhotoelectric effect PN junction directly PN junction directly
converts sunlight into converts sunlight into electricityelectricity
Electricity can be stored Electricity can be stored for later useage or used for later useage or used on demandon demand
1111
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Multiple PN junction Cell Multiple PN junction Cell
has multiple transparent has multiple transparent layerslayers
Top layer absorbs the Top layer absorbs the high energy light and high energy light and passes rest throughpasses rest through
1212
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Solar Cells transform light Solar Cells transform light
to electricityto electricity Controller regulates were Controller regulates were
the charge is directedthe charge is directed Batteries store the energyBatteries store the energy Inverter converts from DC Inverter converts from DC
to ACto AC
1313
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thick Crystalline MaterialsThick Crystalline Materials
Crystalline SiliconCrystalline SiliconSingle-crystal Single-crystal MulticrystallineMulticrystallineEdge-defined film-fed growth Edge-defined film-fed growth DendriticDendritic
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
1414
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thin Film MaterialsThin Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS)
1515
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials ConcernsConcerns
Use of toxic metals like CadmiumUse of toxic metals like Cadmium Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of
PV silane PV silane hydrogen selenide Can the materials be recycled or are they
destined for landfills
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
88
ConcentrationConcentration Power towersPower towers
Large field of mirriors Large field of mirriors is used to concentrate is used to concentrate the sunlightthe sunlight
Concentrated Sunlight Concentrated Sunlight is used to heat molten is used to heat molten salt salt
99
ConcentrationConcentration Trough CollectorsTrough Collectors
Uses parabolic mirrors Uses parabolic mirrors to heat a fluid in an to heat a fluid in an absorbing tubeabsorbing tube
Hot fluid is used to boil Hot fluid is used to boil water to run a steam water to run a steam generator generator
1010
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Photoelectric effectPhotoelectric effect PN junction directly PN junction directly
converts sunlight into converts sunlight into electricityelectricity
Electricity can be stored Electricity can be stored for later useage or used for later useage or used on demandon demand
1111
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Multiple PN junction Cell Multiple PN junction Cell
has multiple transparent has multiple transparent layerslayers
Top layer absorbs the Top layer absorbs the high energy light and high energy light and passes rest throughpasses rest through
1212
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Solar Cells transform light Solar Cells transform light
to electricityto electricity Controller regulates were Controller regulates were
the charge is directedthe charge is directed Batteries store the energyBatteries store the energy Inverter converts from DC Inverter converts from DC
to ACto AC
1313
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thick Crystalline MaterialsThick Crystalline Materials
Crystalline SiliconCrystalline SiliconSingle-crystal Single-crystal MulticrystallineMulticrystallineEdge-defined film-fed growth Edge-defined film-fed growth DendriticDendritic
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
1414
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thin Film MaterialsThin Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS)
1515
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials ConcernsConcerns
Use of toxic metals like CadmiumUse of toxic metals like Cadmium Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of
PV silane PV silane hydrogen selenide Can the materials be recycled or are they
destined for landfills
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
99
ConcentrationConcentration Trough CollectorsTrough Collectors
Uses parabolic mirrors Uses parabolic mirrors to heat a fluid in an to heat a fluid in an absorbing tubeabsorbing tube
Hot fluid is used to boil Hot fluid is used to boil water to run a steam water to run a steam generator generator
1010
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Photoelectric effectPhotoelectric effect PN junction directly PN junction directly
converts sunlight into converts sunlight into electricityelectricity
Electricity can be stored Electricity can be stored for later useage or used for later useage or used on demandon demand
1111
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Multiple PN junction Cell Multiple PN junction Cell
has multiple transparent has multiple transparent layerslayers
Top layer absorbs the Top layer absorbs the high energy light and high energy light and passes rest throughpasses rest through
1212
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Solar Cells transform light Solar Cells transform light
to electricityto electricity Controller regulates were Controller regulates were
the charge is directedthe charge is directed Batteries store the energyBatteries store the energy Inverter converts from DC Inverter converts from DC
to ACto AC
1313
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thick Crystalline MaterialsThick Crystalline Materials
Crystalline SiliconCrystalline SiliconSingle-crystal Single-crystal MulticrystallineMulticrystallineEdge-defined film-fed growth Edge-defined film-fed growth DendriticDendritic
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
1414
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thin Film MaterialsThin Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS)
1515
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials ConcernsConcerns
Use of toxic metals like CadmiumUse of toxic metals like Cadmium Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of
PV silane PV silane hydrogen selenide Can the materials be recycled or are they
destined for landfills
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
1010
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Photoelectric effectPhotoelectric effect PN junction directly PN junction directly
converts sunlight into converts sunlight into electricityelectricity
Electricity can be stored Electricity can be stored for later useage or used for later useage or used on demandon demand
1111
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Multiple PN junction Cell Multiple PN junction Cell
has multiple transparent has multiple transparent layerslayers
Top layer absorbs the Top layer absorbs the high energy light and high energy light and passes rest throughpasses rest through
1212
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Solar Cells transform light Solar Cells transform light
to electricityto electricity Controller regulates were Controller regulates were
the charge is directedthe charge is directed Batteries store the energyBatteries store the energy Inverter converts from DC Inverter converts from DC
to ACto AC
1313
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thick Crystalline MaterialsThick Crystalline Materials
Crystalline SiliconCrystalline SiliconSingle-crystal Single-crystal MulticrystallineMulticrystallineEdge-defined film-fed growth Edge-defined film-fed growth DendriticDendritic
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
1414
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thin Film MaterialsThin Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS)
1515
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials ConcernsConcerns
Use of toxic metals like CadmiumUse of toxic metals like Cadmium Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of
PV silane PV silane hydrogen selenide Can the materials be recycled or are they
destined for landfills
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
1111
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Multiple PN junction Cell Multiple PN junction Cell
has multiple transparent has multiple transparent layerslayers
Top layer absorbs the Top layer absorbs the high energy light and high energy light and passes rest throughpasses rest through
1212
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Solar Cells transform light Solar Cells transform light
to electricityto electricity Controller regulates were Controller regulates were
the charge is directedthe charge is directed Batteries store the energyBatteries store the energy Inverter converts from DC Inverter converts from DC
to ACto AC
1313
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thick Crystalline MaterialsThick Crystalline Materials
Crystalline SiliconCrystalline SiliconSingle-crystal Single-crystal MulticrystallineMulticrystallineEdge-defined film-fed growth Edge-defined film-fed growth DendriticDendritic
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
1414
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thin Film MaterialsThin Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS)
1515
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials ConcernsConcerns
Use of toxic metals like CadmiumUse of toxic metals like Cadmium Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of
PV silane PV silane hydrogen selenide Can the materials be recycled or are they
destined for landfills
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
1212
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells) Solar Cells transform light Solar Cells transform light
to electricityto electricity Controller regulates were Controller regulates were
the charge is directedthe charge is directed Batteries store the energyBatteries store the energy Inverter converts from DC Inverter converts from DC
to ACto AC
1313
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thick Crystalline MaterialsThick Crystalline Materials
Crystalline SiliconCrystalline SiliconSingle-crystal Single-crystal MulticrystallineMulticrystallineEdge-defined film-fed growth Edge-defined film-fed growth DendriticDendritic
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
1414
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thin Film MaterialsThin Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS)
1515
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials ConcernsConcerns
Use of toxic metals like CadmiumUse of toxic metals like Cadmium Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of
PV silane PV silane hydrogen selenide Can the materials be recycled or are they
destined for landfills
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
1313
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thick Crystalline MaterialsThick Crystalline Materials
Crystalline SiliconCrystalline SiliconSingle-crystal Single-crystal MulticrystallineMulticrystallineEdge-defined film-fed growth Edge-defined film-fed growth DendriticDendritic
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
1414
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thin Film MaterialsThin Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS)
1515
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials ConcernsConcerns
Use of toxic metals like CadmiumUse of toxic metals like Cadmium Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of
PV silane PV silane hydrogen selenide Can the materials be recycled or are they
destined for landfills
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
1414
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Thin Film MaterialsThin Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS) Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS)
1515
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials ConcernsConcerns
Use of toxic metals like CadmiumUse of toxic metals like Cadmium Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of
PV silane PV silane hydrogen selenide Can the materials be recycled or are they
destined for landfills
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
1515
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials ConcernsConcerns
Use of toxic metals like CadmiumUse of toxic metals like Cadmium Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of Use of toxic gasses in the manufacturing of
PV silane PV silane hydrogen selenide Can the materials be recycled or are they
destined for landfills
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
1616
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic Materials Concerns Answered Concerns Answered
Cd is produced as a byproduct of Zn production and can either be put to beneficial uses or discharged into the environment
CdTe in PV is much safer than other current Cd uses CdTe PV uses Cd 2500 times more efficiently than NiCd
batteries 1048708Occupational health risks are well managed -
Continuous vigilance is required 1048708Absolutely no emissions during PV operation 1048708Risk from fire emissions is minimal 1048708Disposal of spent modules is an environmental issue ndash
Reducing the amount of CdTe will alleviate the problem Recycling will resolve most environmental concerns
Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 140 g CdGWh in fine dust Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack Burning of Coal produces 2 g CdGWh be emitted from the stack
(for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or (for plants with perfectly maintained electrostatic precipitators or baghouses operating at 986 efficiencybaghouses operating at 986 efficiency
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
1717
Inorganic MaterialsInorganic MaterialsConcerns AnsweredConcerns Answered
Manufacturers use gas handling systems to reduce risk and use careful engineering and administrative controls to prevent exposure of workers or the public
Landfill leaching is a modest concern only because PV materials are largely encased in glass or plastic and many are insoluble
Because of dispersed use and small amounts of semiconductor material per cell PV recycling will be challenging Machinery for dismantling modules for recycling has been developed and recycling systems for batteries and electronics provide useful models
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
1818
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
Organic MaterialsOrganic Materials Pure and chemically Pure and chemically
modified fullerenesmodified fullerenes polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivatives
polyphenylene vinylene polyphenylene vinylene
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
1919
Organic MaterialsOrganic MaterialsCurrent obstaclesCurrent obstacles
All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules All of the PV cells made from Organic molecules decompose rapidlydecompose rapidly
Only 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricityOnly 3-6 conversion of solar energy to electricity
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
2020
ConclusionConclusionUsing a combination of Passive solar Using a combination of Passive solar
energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen energy and photovoltaic cells can lessen pollutionpollution
Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells Concerns with use of Cadmium in PV cells is exaggerated when compared to is exaggerated when compared to electricity produced from coalelectricity produced from coal
More research is needed and being done More research is needed and being done Cost of Solar system will come down in Cost of Solar system will come down in
price when production increasesprice when production increases
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-
2121
SourcesSources httpwwwabcnetaurnscienceearthstories
s225110htm httpwwwsolarenergycominfo_historyhtml httppvpowercompvtechshtml httpwwwadsdyescomfullereneshtml httpwwwazsolarcentercomdesignpas-2htm httpwwweereenergygovRE
solar_concentratinghtml
- Solar Energy
- Slide 2
- The History of Solar Energy
- Slide 4
- Passive
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Concentration
- Slide 9
- Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Cells)
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Conclusion
- Sources
-