Ch10 wwi 1894 1914 europe
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Transcript of Ch10 wwi 1894 1914 europe
The days of World war One
The Long-Term Causes
of World War One
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionThe FOUR Traditional Causes According to Most Historians
The Long-Term Causes
of World War One
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionThe FOUR Traditional Causes According to Most Historians
Before 1906, a battleship was:
10,000 tons 400 ft. long maybe four big guns 11 in. bore several 6 in. bore slow, twelve knots England and Germany build many of them rendered obsolete
Battleship— H. M. S. DreadnoughtAfter 1906, a battleship was:
18,000 tons 520 ft. long, 82 ft. wide 12, 12 in. bore guns range of 20 miles armor plate 11 in. thick18 knots 23,000 horse power 2 million each
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionThe Industrialization of War
??
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionThe Industrialization of War
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionALL of the Great Powers STOCKPILE Weapons!
.
The Long-Term Causes
of World War One
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionThe FOUR Traditional Causes According to Most Historians
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionMonarchy’s Last Breath: One Big Happy Family!
Allied Powers
Central Powers
Great Britain
France
Russia
Italy
Germany
Austrian-Hungarian Empire
Turkey
assassination
The Long-Term Causes
of World War One
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionThe FOUR Traditional Causes According to Most Historians
The Long-Term Causes
of World War One
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionThe FOUR Traditional Causes According to Most Historians
Soldiers Mobilized
0
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France Germany Russia Britain
Mill
ions
World War I
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution“It will be over by Christmas…”
Cheering crowds gathered in public squares in every capital of all of the
countries of Europe.
Thousands of young men, praised by thousands of young women, enlisted.
August 1, 1914 in Berlin Arthur Kampf (1914)
The Immediate Cause
of World War One
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionThe FOUR Traditional Causes According to Most Historians
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionThe Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his Wife Sophie
Meet the “Black Hand” and Assassin Gavrilo Princip
Saravejo
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionSecret-Entangling Alliances: The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
Bosnia was a bewildering array
of ethnic and religious groups that broke away
from the Ottoman Empire only to be
occupied by Austria.
Summer of 1914
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionGeneral von Schlieffen and “The Schlieffen Plan”
On his deathbed, he declares, “Only keeps zee right wing strong…”
“The Schliefen Plan” (1891-1905): Russia is big but slow (six weeks to mobilize) feint at French boarder at Ardennes Assemble 90% of troops on Belgium and
Luxemburg boarder (34 divisions) take Paris, force France to surrender transfer troops to defeat Russia the Kaiser dictates peace terms and it would have worked if those pesky…
Gen. von Schlieffen
“The Schlieffen Plan”
“Paris for
lunch…
…Moscow
for dinner!”
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and Revolution“The Schlieffen Plan” WHAT WENT WRONG!?
“The Schlieffen Plan” What went wrong!?: Schlieffen died (1913), and new generals
worried about southern flank too much early success, by end of August the
German army was shelling Paris drew down troops on the Western Front to
strengthen southern flank (should have been just for defense)
the Russians mobilized sooner than thought Germany had to reinforce Eastern Front 6-9 September French and British forces
stopped the German offensive at Marne (called “The Miracle of the Marne” by Allies
Gen. Helmuth Ludwig von Moltke“Moltke the Younger”
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionWWI and the Failure of Leadership
Both Side “Dug” In: For the next four
years both side launched one offensive after another
hurling millions of men across “No Man’s Land”
* Paris
THE RACE TO THE SEA
“TRENCH WARFARE”
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionWWI and “Trench Warfare”
“Over-The-Top”
p.726
1914, The Battle of the Marne1 million casualties
1916, The Battle of Verdun700,000 casualties
1916, The Battle of the Somme500,000 casualties
58,000 on the first day
1917, The Battle of Ypres340,000 casualties
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionGerman High Command: Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff
If the “Front” never moved more than 10
miles or so why did
Generals on both sides
repeatedly send men “over-the-top”?
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionWWI and the Failure of Leadership. Why?
The “Professional Soldiers” of WWI: thoroughly trained in the art of 19th
century warfare studied the great battles of the 18th and
19th centuries – Napoleon experienced in colonial wars with
natives and tribal warriors saw war as a game – national sport,
victory comes with team spirit and redoubling of individual effort
To them there had to be a way to break the “Deadlock”
General Douglas Haig (British)dubbed “Sir” made 1st Earl
by King George V
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionDeadlock: Allies Attempt
1900s The Beginning of the 20th Century Crisis: War and RevolutionDeadlock: The Germans Attempt