French and Indian War

Who was fighting?

• British vs. French and Indians

Why were they fighting?

• Both wanted control of the rich fisheries off the coast of Newfoundland

• Both wanted control of fur trade west of Appalachian Mountains

• They wanted to control the Ohio River Valley

The French

• Advantages1. The colonial government was strong2. Had forts at strategic points3. Well trained army4. Support of Indians

• Disadvantages– Hard to defend because so spread out

The British

• Advantages1. Had more people than the French2. English Navy was strongest in world3. Had support of Iroquois

• Disadvantages– Lack of unity

French and Indian War

• Actually a series of 4 wars fought between England and France that moved to the colonies

• Neither side could gain the upper hand until the last war called the French and Indian War. Also called the Seven Years’ War

• Virginians started to build a fort at the mouth of the Ohio River

• George Washington was sent to protect them• Before he could get there, the French chase

them off and finish the fort themselves• They named it Fort Duquesne

• George Washington had to retreat and built Fort Necessity

• He was defeated

Fort Necessity

Fort Duquesne

Fort Necessity

How did they fight?

• The Indians used guerilla warfare• The British used fighting in ranks

Albany Plan

• Benjamin Franklin suggested it• It was to have delegates from each colony to

help with governing it• Both British and colonies rejected it

• British try to take back Fort Duquesne• The British were led by General Edward

Braddock• George Washington was second in command• Braddock insisted on fighting in ranks• He lost

General Braddock’s burial

• William Pitt became the new Prime Minister of Britain.

• His Plan:1. Replace old generals with young ones2. Agreed to pay for outfitting of colonists as

soldiers3. Attack Quebec

William Pitt

• The British take back Fort Duquesne and rename it Fort Pitt

Washington planting flag on Fort Duquesne

Quebec

• British General James Wolfe laid siege to Quebec

• The French were just going to wait it out till winter

• 4000 British troops scale the walls in the middle of the night

• French commander Marquis de Montcalm attacks, but its no use

Montcalm rallying troops before Quebec

General Wolfe

• Battle is called the Plains of Abraham• Both Wolfe and Montcalm die in the battle

Death of Montcalm

Death of General Wolfe

Peace of Paris

• Ended the French and Indian War• France gave up all land east of Mississippi• Britain gained control of Canada and Florida• Spain gets Louisiana Territory for losing Florida

Prior to French and Indian War

After Treaty of Paris