Ch 24 : Early Imperialism

What is imperialism?

What nations may be at risk for this?

What events may have caused the introduction of imperialism?

Changes in AfricaChanges in Africa

1750-1870s:• Early 1800s- Droughts hit southern coast of

Africa-brings conflict among neighboring tribes.• End to the slave trade on the Atlantic Coast-

need for new markets• Industrialization helps to open trading posts• New cash crops developed to compensate for

trade deficiencies in other regions.

Abolition of Slavery on the AtlanticAbolition of Slavery on the Atlantic

• Slave traders move their business to the east coast of Africa

• New trade commodities come out such as gold, oils, soaps, cotton

Questions to Consider:

Who is involved in this new market?

How does it effect the social structure of the African East?

New Empires EmergeNew Empires Emerge

• Drought causes conflict over grazing lands:

• SOUTH AFRICA: – New leader emerges:

Shaka

• Uses military combat to build a Zulu Empire in South Africa

3 Groups in South Africa3 Groups in South Africa

• Shaka chief of the Zulus created a centralized African state by 1816 in South Africa

• This became British controlled land in 1887• The Dutch (aka Boers) had been there since the

1600’s• In the 1830’s the British pushed the Boers out

into Zulu territory, known as the Great Trek

WEST AFRICA:• Movements to purify Islam• Jihad brings new nation states• New Muslim States become centers for learning

Questions to consider:• How does this effect the social, economical, and

political make-up of West Africa?

Egypt and Ethiopia Egypt and Ethiopia

EGYPT:• Muhammad Ali- • reforms the military• Cotton becomes an export • Ismail- Ali’s grandson-wants to

“westernize” Egypt-bringing in RailroadsQuestions to consider:• How might “westernizing” change the

cultural values of the people?Ethiopia:• Purchases weapons from the west for

protectionQuestion to consider:• How might the purchasing of guns hinder

or help the Ethiopians?

Europeans in AfricaEuropeans in Africa

• First European’s in Africa are:

• Explorers or Missionaries such as David Livingston, Henry Morton Stanley

• Looking for natural resources, tracing the courses of the major rivers of Africa

Questions to consider:

India in the 18India in the 18thth Century Century

• Mughal Empire is weakening• Giving up Administrative and Economic power to the

British, French and Dutch• B, F, D- Establishing trading Co. in the Indian Ocean and

new trading posts in India• British Push out French with the British East India Co.• They use SEPOYs (Indian troops) to protect their trade

posts• British rein in India (RAJ)- they create Administrative and

social reform BUT respect social and religious customs

Questions to consider:

British Imperialism in IndiaBritish Imperialism in India

• The East India Company – dominated India as early as 1757– ran by the British government– Even had their own army staffed by Sepoys

(Indian soldiers)– Became known as “The Jewel in the Crown”

because it was the most valuable colony

Jewel in the Crown: IndiaJewel in the Crown: India

• 300 Million People to market to

• Produced Raw Materials—tea, indigo, coffee, cotton and opium

• Opium sold to China for tea---then sold in Britain

British-RAJBritish-RAJ

• Provided protection to locals and trade posts with Sepoys

• Allowed Christians to enter

• Established private ownership of land

• FOCUS: Rich elites

• Poor become upset- particularly the Sepoys

The Sepoys RebelThe Sepoys Rebel

• Economic conditions worsened for the Indians• In 1857 gossip spread that the Sepoy rifle

cartridges were sealed with beef fat• The cow is a sacred animal to Hindus• 85 of 90 Sepoys would not take the cartridges• The “Sepoy Mutiny” began the Nationalism

movement and the eventual freedom of India from colonial rule

Results of the Sepoy MutinyResults of the Sepoy Mutiny

Sepoy Mutiny:• Guards rebel against British Government many

killed• Sparks a national rebellion of the Indian people

– Pride, Protect and Control their own country– Create Indian National Congress and Muslim League– Wanted to self-govern

Results:• Britain gains control back through the RAJ• Sparks Nationalist Movement…eventually

ran by Gandhi…through peaceful protest

Imperialism in other parts Imperialism in other parts of the world: of the world:

Ottoman Empire, South East Asia and USOttoman Empire, South East Asia and US

Lecture #4Lecture #4

The Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire• Made up of Muslim traders

and military (people who believe in the Islamic Faith)

• Control very popular land that the Europeans wanted

• Problems in their empire– Not as technologically advanced

as the Europeans– Internal corruption of leadership– Coinage not valued by the

Europeans

Europeans: Europeans: Take over Ottoman EmpireTake over Ottoman Empire

• Europe plays Geopolitics: Taking land due to its important location or products

• Ottomans controlled the Mediterranean and Red Sea trade Europe wanted this!

• Russia also wanted a piece of the Ottoman Empire: The Black Sea for OIL!– Result: Crimean War-- Russia vs. Ottomans

• France and Britain did not want Ottomans to lose so they help fight off Russia and win!!

The “Great Game”The “Great Game”

• Geopolitical Struggle between Russia and Great Britain– Fight over India and Afghanistan– Result: India is kept by the British and

Afghanistan signs a NON-aggression pact with Russia (making them buddies until Russian invades in 1979)

Western Powers rule Southeast Western Powers rule Southeast Asia on the Pacific RimAsia on the Pacific Rim

Pacific Rim: all nations with coasts that touch the Pacific Ocean—Great for Trade through China

• Dutch take Indonesia

• British take Malaysia

• French control Indochina (Vietnam, Burma, Cambodia)

• Japan takes Korea and Taiwan—Only Asian country to do so!!!

US ImperialismUS Imperialism• United States take: Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam

– Promise to teach how to set up self-rule– Help to support the economies

• US interested in Hawaii:– Sugar plantations set up and plantation owners gain power

– Political Control: Queen Liliuokalani VS Dole

– Queen wants to keep power, but looses to Sanford B. Dole (plantation owner and politician)

• Dole pushes for ANNEXATION-Hawaii becomes a state.