Ch. 17 Foot, Ankle, and Lower Leg

Objectives

• Describe the anatomy of the foot and ankle. • Cite primary extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

of the lower leg. • Explain the common injuries and condition

affecting the foot, ankle, and lower leg. • Describe medical tibial stress syndrome

and its treatment.

Anatomy

• 28 bones in each foot • 7 tarsals• 5 metatarsals• 14 phalanges• 2 Sesmoids

• 38 joints

Anatomy

• Tarsals• Talus• Calcaneus• Navicular• Cuboid• 1st Cuneiform• 2nd Cuneiform• 3rd Cuneiform

Arches

• Medial Longitudinal Arch• Calcaneus• Talus• Navicular• Cuneiforms• First 3 metatarsals

• Highest and most important

Arches

• Lateral Longitudinal Arch• Calcaneus• Talus• Cuboid• 4th and 5th metatarsals

• Lower and flatter than medial side

Arches

• Transverse Arch• Cuneiforms• Cuboid• Fifth Metatarsal• Arches are

maintained by bones and ligaments

Joints

• Talocrural joint is the ankle joint• Most commonly injured

joint• Medial and lateral

malleolus• Talus is the most weight

bearing bone in body

Ligaments• Medial• Deltoid Ligament• Composed of 4

ligaments

• Lateral• Anterior Talofibular• Posterior Talofibular• Calcaneofibular

Muscles

• Intrinsic muscles: located within the foot and cause movement of the toes•Plantar flexors, dorsiflexors,

abductors, and adductors of the toes

• Extrinsic muscles: located outside the foot in the lower leg

Muscles

• Gastrocnemius: plantar flexes foot• Soleus: plantar flexes foot• Tibialis Anterior: dorsiflexes foot• Peroneus Longus: everts, plantar flexes• Peroneus Brevus: everts foot• Flexor Hallucis Longus: flexes great toe• Flexor Digitorum Longus: flexes toes