Ch. 1 Human Communication: What and Why
Transcript of Ch. 1 Human Communication: What and Why
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Ch. 1 Human Communication: What and Why
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Types of communication Intrapersonal Interpersonal Small Group Public Mass communication
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Intrapersonal vs. Interpersonal Intrapersonal- communicating with oneself
Interpersonal- communication that takes place between two people
Dyad- two persons interacting
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Small group communication Communication that takes place between more
than two members Group members usually communicate equally
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Public communication Communication that takes place in a large group Too large for all members to communicate equally
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Mass communication Consists of messages that are transmitted in large
quantities to several people at one time Transmitted through several sources: electronic,
print, television, radio, magazines, etc. No personal contact between sender and receiver
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What needs are satisfied in your life by communicating with others?
Physical needs Identity needs Social needs Practical needs
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Physical needs Communicating with others benefits our physical
health/well-being
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Identity needs We define who we are through communication
with others
Impressions of who we are, are formed according to the ways in which others respond to us
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Social needs Several social needs are met through
communication:
Pleasure EscapeAffection RelaxationInclusion Control
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Practical NeedsCommunication is used in order to achieve our
everyday needs-to get where we need to go-to accomplish what we need to accomplish-to better understand our environment and what is
expected of us
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What is communication competence? The ability to communicate effectively
What is effective communication? Communication that maintains or enhances the
relationship in which it occurs
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Why should we want to become more competent communicators?
More satisfying relationships In order to satisfy our human needs To get more out of life
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Some interesting findings…***Several studies show that married couples that were
identified as effective communicators report more satisfying relationships than husbands and wives who are less skillful communicators
***Other studies have found that college students’ G.P.A. was positively related to their communication competence.
Studies show that even a small amount of training can greatly affect communication ability
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How might you become a more competent communicator?
By taking this class By wanting to become a better communicator By continuously working toward improving your
communication skills By practicing the skills you are taught
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What are the characteristics of a competent communicator?
A wide range of communication behaviors to choose from in an interaction
Ability to choose the most appropriate behavior for the situation
Ability to perform effective communication Plenty of practice as a skilled communicator
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Other characteristics of competent communicators
Empathy Cognitive Complexity Self-Monitoring Commitment to the relationship
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Empathy Ability to put yourself in another’s shoes Understanding another’s perspective
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Cognitive complexity The ability to analyze the behavior of others in a
variety of ways Looking at the situation from a variety of angles
(rather than just your perspective)
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Self-Monitoring Observing your own behaviors as if you are
outside yourself Imagining how others are interpreting your
behaviors Being aware of how your behaviors affect others
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Commitment to the relationship Level of commitment to a relationship determines
willingness to communicate effectively We work harder at communicating in relationships
we genuinely care about
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Three factors to remember when deciding on a response
The context (what is involved in the situation) Your goal (do you want this relationship to
continue positively) The other person (where is he or she coming from
and how is he or she feeling)
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In Conclusion: It is now clear that communication satisfies several
human needs It is important that we all work on our
communication skills in order to have more effective relationships
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Models of Communication Linear Model Transactional Model
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Linear Model In this model communication only goes one way
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How it works… Sender – person sending the message Receiver – person receiving the
message Sender encodes a message, chooses a
channel by which to send the message, and then sends the message to a receiver who then decodes the message.
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Channel – the way the message is conveyed (face- to-face, telephone, e-mail, etc.) depends on the situation
[p. 14 explains different channels and their effectiveness in specific situations]
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Encode – when the sender consciously attaches meanings to symbols from feelings and ideas, creating the message sent
Decode – when the receiver interprets and creates an understanding of what the message sent means
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Noise affects the message sent by the sender may prevent the message from reaching the
receiver accurately may affect the way the receiver interprets the
message. May take place before, during and after
message is sent
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Types of Noise 1. External – factors that take place outside
the receiver 2. Physiological -- biological, personal factors
that prevent the receiver from accurately interpreting and decoding the message
3. Psychological -- when forces within a person prevent he/she from having the ability to send or receive a message effectively
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Environment• Refers to our physical surroundings, or
to our personal experiences and cultural backgrounds that communicators base their view of the world on.
• Our environments may influence the way we encode or decode messages.
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The way we understand a message is based on several
factors: 1. How we interpret the message sent 2. Environment we come from
3. The environment we are in when the message is sent
4. The amount of noise that is present when communication takes place
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Weaknesses of the linear model:
lacks an element of response, and communication is only one way.
This model assumes that all messages sent involve conscious encoding
Sometimes we send messages unconsciously without consciously encoding them
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This brings us to the transactional model – which changes encoding to response
Response – takes place when the sender (consciously or unconsciously) sends a message, or when a receiver (consciously or unconsciously) responds to a message.
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Transactional Model
Similar to the linear model with added elements
Represents two-way communication
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In the Transactional Model… Feedback is the seen and understood
response of a receiver to a sender’s message
Both parties involved are sending and receiving messages simultaneously
Noise and environment are also elements
involved with the transactional model