Final Report 2010 – 2011 Academic Year

Under the Auspices of

The Nippon Foundation – Partnership for Observation of the

Global Oceans

In Association with the

Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences Venue: The Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, Inc, St. Georges, GE01, Bermuda R/V Atlantic Explorer Dates: 3 August 2010 – 25 May 2011 Report Prepared By: Dr. F. Gerald Plumley, BIOS 26 December 2011

Centre of Excellence in

Observational Oceanography

2

Executive Summary of Year 3 Activities The Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) has hosted the NF-POGO CofEOO (Nippon Foundation – Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean (NF-POGO) Centre of Excellence in Observational Oceanography (CofEOO)) since its inaugural year, 2008 – 2009. This report summaries activities for the third, and most recently completed, year of the CofEOO, 2010 - 2011. The third year (Year 3) of the CofEOO, like the first two years, was a great success. Improvements implemented from the first two years (e.g., modifications of the application form; review process of applicants; modification and clarification of instructional content; format of the research projects) all enhanced the programme. These improvements will be applied in future iterations of the CofEOO at BIOS, further strengthening what is already a very successful program. A call for applications for Year 3 of the CofEOO was answered by 105 students from 38 countries. BIOS ranked the applications according to established criteria. Top ranking candidates were evaluated by the POGO Steering Committee which met in London, to discuss the students. Ten finalist and several alternates were selected. The names, nationalities, and brief biographic sketches of these students were forwarded to NF for review and approval. The 10 Year 3 NF-POGO Scholars arrived in Bermuda in early August 2010. The Scholars participated in 11 modules, cruises aboard the R/V Atlantic Explorer, and conducted a 12 week independent research project. Graduation ceremonies were held 20 May 2011. It was a very successful 10 month training period. Student debriefings provided very favorable reviews. A Training Programme in a Developing Country was held 19 September to 10 October 2011 at the Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang, Vietnam, as part of the Year 3 activities of the CofEOO. The Training Programme title and lead instructor were:

The Application of Ocean Colour Remote Sensing for the Study of Marine and Coastal Processes and Related Bio-Resources

Dr. Tong Phuoc Hoang Son, Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang, Vietnam

This Training Programme in a Developing Country builds on the highly successful NF-POGO Visiting Professorship Programme. The goals of the Visiting Professorship Programme have been retained in the CofEOO-supported Training Programme, which are, broadly speaking, to provide training and mentoring, to develop collaborations, and to enhance networking. The Vietnam Training Programme was very successful. Complete details are provided below (Section 3, and Appendix 6). This report provides details on the goals, objectives, and activities of the NF-POGO CofEOO at BIOS, information on the students who participated, copies of the student reports on the independent research they conducted at BIOS, and plans for Year 4 (and beyond) activities. A complete report on the Training Programme in a Developing Country is also part of this report.

3

1. NF – POGO Goals The NF supports a wide range of activities, both at home and abroad, in the fields of ships and the oceans, public welfare and volunteerism, support of the basic human needs, the arts, sports, education and network building. The long-term objective of POGO is to participate in the creation and operation of an integrated global ocean observing strategy, addressing information needs of decision-makers, researchers, service providers, and the general public. 2.1 NF – POGO Centre of Excellence: Goals and Objectives NF – POGO established The Centre of Excellence in Observational Oceanography (hereafter referred to as the CofEOO) to benefit the oceanographic community in regions or countries where ocean science is less advanced. The goals of the CofEOO are to expand the world-wide capacity to observe the oceans; to develop human resources in developing countries, and to expand international networking in ocean sciences, with an emphasis on training young scientists from developing countries. The specific objectives are:

1. To create a self-sustaining CofEOO in an established multidisciplinary oceanographic centre that will promote and facilitate development of human resources in oceanography within developing countries.

2. To facilitate continuing education and further development of former trainees of the Nippon Foundation – POGO Visiting Professorship Programme.

3. To help form effective networks between trainees and professors of the existing Nippon Foundation – Visiting Professorship Programme, and the new students who will be trained at the CofEOO.

4. To facilitate and assist with regional training programmes in developing countries. The CofEOO is seen as the beginning of a long-term, sustained effort at capacity building in observational oceanography in the southern hemisphere as well as in portions of the northern hemisphere where oceans are rimmed by developing nations. The activities of the trainees will be monitored for some years after the completion of the course. It is also anticipated that the strongest participants will have further opportunities for advanced training and scientific exchange with POGO member institutions in other locations around the world. It is expected that the legacy of the course will endure far into the future. 2.2 Scholars 2.2.1 Eligibility and Prospects The CofEOO was open to 10 Scholars. Originally, the CofEOO was intended exclusively for scholars from developing countries. At the suggestions of NF, it was decided to extend the programme to a limited number of students from developed countries, such that the final enrollment target was roughly 8:2 (developing:developed). The objective of this change was to broaden the NF-POGO network (now called NANO) into developed countries; this change was seen as a positive step in terms of students from developing countries having a broader base of network ‘friends’. All trainees must have at least a first degree in science. Preference was given to applicants who currently hold a position in a research or academic institution in a developing (or developed) country and anticipate returning to the country after completion of training at the CofEOO. Candidates had to demonstrate immediate relevance of their training to on-going or planned ocean observations in their home country.

4

2.2.2 Scholar Review Each student was asked to submit a completed application form (Appendix 1), a resume, three letters of recommendation, and copies of transcripts and/or certificates. Complete applications were combined and collated for review. As a brief overview of the review process, the review of potential scholars started with a multi-faculty review at BIOS. A variety of files were created, some administratively, others by faculty input. A list of suggested finalists and first alternates was one of the files generated by BIOS faculty. All files were made available to the POGO selection committee, which met in London, England, to review the files. The review criteria used by BIOS faculty included the following:

a) student's academic background, both in general scope and in terms of grades/marks b) student's current position (whether the student had a position, either academic or

professional, that would allow them to make a contribution once they returned to their home country following the course).

c) letters of recommendation d) student's statement of career goals e) the potential of the student to do work in his/her home country when he returned based

on each individual country's commitment, both financially and politically, to the study of the global ocean

f) assurances that each student would carry on the traditions and diligence of the Nippon Foundation

g) goodness of fit with BIOS faculty research programs h) regional balance i) male/female ratio of approximately 50:50

As the first stage of review, individual BIOS faculty members reviewed each applicant from a given geographic region (i.e., each BIOS faculty reviewed approximately 11 - 12 applications, for instance, all students from Brazil or all students from southeast Asia). Faculty provided written reports of each student's strengths as well as weaknesses (if any). Each student received a score based on his/her suitability and qualifications to participate in the NF-POGO CofEOO. As a second stage of review, the CofEOO Local Director (Dr. Plumley) reviewed the applications of all 105 students. In many/most cases, he concurred with the faculty evaluation/score. When he did not, he contacted the faculty member for discussion. The CofEOO Local Director then provided written comments and score for all 105 students. Based on written comments and scores, a number of students were eliminated from further consideration, as they were deemed either unqualified or less qualified than the remaining students. A list of students who passed this initial screen was created and provided to BIOS faculty, along with the written comments of other faculty and the Local Director. Faculty reviewed all applications that remained active and provided written input and scores for each student. The list was narrowed and the faculty review process repeated again, creating a series of lists (e.g., First Cut Applicants, Second Cut Applicants, Third Cut Applicants, Final Cut Applicants). As a final step at BIOS, telephone interviews were held with high ranking students, the objective being to determine each student’s ability to converse in English.

5

All of the above files (i.e., lists, Excel spreadsheets, and Word documents) were passed to the POGO Selection Committee for review. There was considerable Email correspondence between members of the POGO Selection Committee following receipt of the files. A few additional student names were asked to be included on the list of Final Cut Applicants, a request that was granted. The POGO Selection Committee met in London, England, to review the files. Students were evaluated based on the same criteria listed above, but from a more global, or broader, perspective, as members of the POGO Selection Committee have extensive international experience and expertise. Some of the students on the "Final Cut Applicants" were eliminated from consideration based on the 'broader perspective' while a few students who were eliminated late in the process at BIOS were put back into consideration. At the end of the POGO Selection Committee meeting, a list of finalist and first alternates had been generated. The names of these students and their qualifications were provided to the Nippon Foundation for review and consideration. After receiving a positive response from the Nippon Foundation, invitations to participate in the CofEOO were extended to 10 students.

2.2.3 Application Pool One hundred and five students from 38 countries applied for a position in the CofEOO at BIOS. Most of the applicants (74%) either had an advanced degree (e.g., MSc or PhD) or were currently enrolled in a graduate program. Many of the candidates had multiple advanced degrees. The male:female pool was 70:35. Overall, these numbers (both absolute and ratios) for Year 3 candidates were remarkably similar to those for Year 2. Applications for Year 3 were received from the following countries:

Angola Bangladesh (4) Benin (2) Brazil (12) Cameroon Cape Verde Chile Columbia Cote d’ Ivoire (6) Cuba (2) 

Ecuador (2) Egypt (6) Ghana (2) Greece India (9) Indonesia (2) Iran (4) Italy (2) Kenya (3) Kiribata 

Malaysia Mexico Morocco Myanmar Nigeria (11) Philippines (2) Portugal (2) Russia (2) Senegal (2) South Africa (2) 

Spain Tanzania (4) Thailand (2) Tunisia Turkey (2) Ukraine Venezuela Vietnam (2) 

2.2.4 In Residence Year 3 Scholars were selected as outlined in Section 2.2.2. Preference was given to applicants with a leaning towards quantitative analyses of biological, physical, and/or chemical data from the marine environment. The names and home countries of the 10 Scholars who participated in the Year 3 CofEOO are provided below; more details are included in Appendix 2 along with a global map of scholar home countries (Appendix 3) for the first three years of the CofEOO.

Dudeja, Gayatri – India Colo Giannini, Maria Fernanda – Brazil Pham, Thi Phuong Thao – Vietnam Klimchuk, Evgeniya – Russia Khammeri, Yosra – Tunisia

Khosravi, Maziar – Iran Rasse Boada, Rafael - Venezuela Sert, Muhammed Fatih – Turkey Guaman-Guevara, Fabricio - Ecuador Akpetou, Kouame Lazare – Cote d'Ivoire

6

Maziar Gayatri Rafael Fabricio Jane Iran India Venezuela Ecuador Russia

Thao Fernanda Fatih Lazare Yosra Vietnam Brazil Turkey Ivory Coast Tunisia 2.3 Course Modules The course modules presented as part of the NF-POGO CofEOO were based on the long-term time series work conducted at BIOS for the last 50+ years. Located in the Sargasso Sea, the CofEOO benefits from the location of BIOS and its nine long-term ocean, atmospheric, and near-shore observational programs: • Hydrostation “S”, the longest, year-round database at one point in the open ocean; • The Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS); • The Oceanic Flux Program (OFP); • The Bermuda Microbial Observatory; • The Bermuda Bio-Optics Program; • The Bermuda atmospheric monitoring programs

(e.g., based on AEROCE); • The Global CO2/Ocean Acidification Programme; • The Marine Environmental Programme (MEP), a

network of nearshore research; • The Bermuda Environmental Quality Program,

with a focus on local and global water/atmospheric systems.

7

The dates, titles, and instructors of the modules and research components were:

Date Event Staff 3 – 8 Aug 2010 Student Arrival Dates 9 Aug BIOS Orientation Gerry, Jane, IT, Wind, etc 10 – 13 Aug General Oceanography

Core Skills POGO Faculty Gerry Plumley 16 – 18 Aug

19 – 24 Aug R/V Atlantic Explorer – Hydrostation S/BATS cruise (7 berths available for NF-POGO)

25 – 27 Aug Chemical Oceanography Kristen Buck 30 Aug – 3 Sept 6 – 10 Sept 13 – 17 Sept Ocean Color/Satellite

Observatories Shubha Sathyendranath, Trevor Platt, Heather Bouman, Li Zhai, George White

20 – 24 Sept

27 Sept – 1 Oct Physical Oceanography Magdalena Andres Emily Shroyer 4 – 8 Oct

11 – 15 Oct Biological Oceanography Charlotte Best and Sarah Fawcett (Mike Lomas) 18 – 22 Oct

25 – 29 Oct 1 – 5 Nov Projects Staff 8 – 12 Nov Projects Staff 15 – 19 Nov Moored Observatories Maureen Conte 22 – 26 Nov 29 Nov – 3 Dec 6 – 10 Dec Ecological Modeling Tom Anderson 13 – 17 Dec 20 – 24 Dec Projects and Break 27 - 31 Projects and Break 3 – 7 Jan 2011 Marine Pollution/Marine Policy Andrew Peters 10 – 13 Jan Ocean Carbon/Ocean Acidification Andreas Andersson and Nick

Bates 17 – 21 Jan Marine Pollution/Marine Policy Andrew Peters 24 – 28 Jan Ocean Carbon/Ocean Acidification Andreas and Nick 31 Jan – 4 Feb Marine Pollution/Marine Policy Andrew Peters 7 – 11 Feb Ocean Carbon/Ocean Acidification Andreas and Nick 14 Feb – 1 Apr Projects Staff 4 – 8 Apr Ocean Data Management Murray Brown 11 – 15 Apr 18 Apr – 19 May Projects Staff 20 May Graduation 21 – 25 May Student Departure

8

Scholars receive certificates following successful completion of the Ocean Data Management module (NF-POGO Scholars and Dr Murray Brown (bottom right) lead instructor).

2.4 Lectures and Seminars In addition to attending modules, NF-POGO Scholars were able to attend a wide variety of seminars. Seminars were provided by visiting scientists, BIOS faculty/staff, and by a number of different interns who were at BIOS doing independent research. The ability of the NF-POGO Scholars to interact with ‘other interns’ was a very rewarding experience in that it allowed the NF-POGO trainees an opportunity to see the type of work that other ‘students’ were conducting at BIOS. Some of these other students had done multiple internships at BIOS, hence their research was of a very high caliber. This essentially ‘raised the bar’ for NF-POGO Scholars, encouraging them to do exceptional projects. We were not disappointed. August 11 POGO Scholar Introduction presentations Aug 13 Bermuda Program Intern Seminars

Dive Safety and Boat Preparation Forrest Williams Jr. Waterstart Survival Guide Sawyer Boyle Particulate Organic Phosphorus. Claire Grenfell Marine Environmental Program. Sarah Gosling

9

Analysis of coprostanol and other sterols to determine fecal contamination in sediment samples around Bermuda. Kiersten Vance Source analysis and quantification of wet and dry nitrogen deposition in the Sargasso Sea. Amy Gobel, Princeton University

August 28 – Intern Seminars

Hannah Barkley, Nathan VanBiber, Liz Drenkard

September 9 – POGO Scholar Final Chemical Oceanography Presentations

Cu (copper) Maziar Khosravi Al (aluminum) Fatih Sert Cd (cadmium) Evgeniya Klimchuk Zn (zinc) Fernanda Coló Giannini Hg (mercury) Rafael Rasse Boada

Mn (manganese) Thao Pham Ni (nickel) Gayatri Dudeja Sr (strontium) Fabricio Guaman-Guevara Co (cobalt) Lazare Akpetou

September 17 – Intern Seminars and POGO Scholar Presentations

Intern Presentations Mark Dowar Matthew Humphreys Susan Allender

REU Presentations Eric Dexter Samantha Loomis Hillevi Jaegerman, Vathani Logendran

Kristen Sims Christine Van Duyn Melissah Perkins Janelle

POGO Scholar Presentations Gayatri Dudeja Caju Giannini Thao Pham Evgeniya Klimchuk Maziar Khosravi

Rafael Rasse Boada Fatih Sert Fabricio Guaman-Guevara Lazare Akpeto

10

October 15 Effects of Coral Diseases from Individual Host to Coral Reef Ecosystem. Dr. Alec Croquer

November 2

Board of Trustees Presentations NF-POGO Introduction Presentations

November 18th

Red or Blue? Darwin’s Bermuda Dilemma and his Enduring Subsidence Theory of Coral Reefs. Dr Brian Rosen, Museum of Natural History, London

November 19 – Final REU Presentations November 20 – Marine Science Day Open House (including presentations by many BIOS Staff and/or interns, e.g., POGO) November 30

Sargasso Sea Alliance Presentations Oceanography of the Sargasso Sea

Nick Bates Simon Ussher

Andreas Andersson Samantha de Putron

December 3 –POGO Scholars Ocean Observatories Presentations Science Friday at the Wind February 12

Comparing indigenous and western scientific knowledge of the ocean. Anna Cummins and Marcus Eriksen, 5 Gyres

March 17

The Tsunami Project- Interdisciplinary Approaches to Tsunami Risk Reduction. Dr. Brian McAdoo

Going Broke: Transcriptome-Level Responses of Corals to Stress. Dr. Jodi Schwarz

March19

Me, Myself and Iron Simon Ussher, BIOS

March 25

The Composition of Rainwater Organic Matter: Caffeine, Cigarettes and Drugs Katye Altieri, Princeton

April 9

Iron, copper, and the ligands that bind them. Kristen Buck, BIOS

11

April 26th

GEOTRACES cruise, Research team on the Dutch research vessel, Pelagia

Geotraces: The West Atlantic Ocean Leg 1. Loes Gerringa Natural radionuclides in the GEOTRACES program. Michiel Rutgers van der Loeff Dissolved Manganese in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. Hydrothermal and fluvial input and biological uptake. Rob Middag

28 April 2011 NF-POGO Scholar Presentations to BIOS Board of Trustees 18 May 2011 NF-POGO Scholar Research Project Presentations to BIOS Staff 2.5 Shipboard Experience All NF-POGO Scholars participated in multiple seagoing exercises aboard the R/V Atlantic Explorer and/or the R/V Oceanus. The Scholar names, nationality and cruise dates are provided in the following table:

12

BIOS faculty and staff as well as visiting scientists incorporated NF-POGO Scholars into their at-sea research programs. Sea state ranged from gentle to ‘washing machine’ during the various cruises. Scholars tended the CTD rosette and Niskin bottles, set moored buoys, conducted net trawls, collected large amounts of water for radio-tracer studies, took air and water samples for trace metal biogeochemical studies, participated in the BATS validation cruise to Puerto Rico, manned the long-term time series stations associated with BATS and Hydrostation S, and participated in the ‘spring bloom’ cruises in early 2011. Some pictures of the Year 3 Scholars onboard the R/V Atlantic Explorer are below:

2.6 NF-POGO/NSF-REU Workshop BIOS has hosted a NSF-REU (National Science Foundation – Research Experience for Undergraduates) Program since 1991. This program brings 8 undergraduate students to BIOS for 12 weeks to conduct independent research. The students must be from the US or a US Territory. One of the goals of the program is to help launch young students into graduate programs in marine and ocean sciences. Notably missing from this US-based program is the chance to understand oceanographic and marine issues on a global scale, especially as seen by young students from developing countries. Since all Year 3 NF-POGO Scholars have advanced degrees (or were enrolled in a graduate program), there were many lessons that could be shared between the (very) young students involved in the NSF-REU Program and the NF-POGO Scholars. Two workshops were held, with students exchanging information about their home state/territory (for NSF-REU Students) or their home country (for NF-POGO Scholars). Each presentation was followed by questions/answers. The workshop schedule was:

2 November 2010 NF-POGO Presentations to REU Students

19 November 2010 REU Presentations to POGO Scholars

2.7 NF-POGO Scholars – Independent Projects Each NF-POGO Scholar was given the opportunity to design and execute an independent research project at BIOS. We introduced this concept to Scholars when they first arrived in

Captain Quentin, NF-POGO instructor Dr. Maureen Conte, ship’s crew and Year 3 NF-POGO Scholars (from left to right) on the rear aft deck of the R/V Atlantic Explorer.

Year 3 NF-POGO Scholar, Gayatri (India), helps prepare sampling containers for one of the moored buoys.

13

Bermuda in August. BIOS faculty provided topic areas and specific titles for research projects, but allowed the students to modify/adjust what they wanted to do within the confines of available equipment and expertise. Scholars had several opportunities during the Fall semester and again over the Christmas/New Year holiday to work on their projects, whether the work involved experimental manipulations and/or background reading. All Scholars were expected to have a project outlined by mid December and to begin full-time research in late February. This allowed 12 weeks for independent study. Scholars were required to write a proposal for their project. Proposals were evaluated by the Scholars’ mentors based on: 1) basic skills (i.e., writing skills); and 2) academics/scientific criteria (e.g., quality and/or novelty of the idea; clarity of presentation; strength of hypothesis; strength of experimental approach).

Scholars were allowed to work on their projects based on self prescribed time lines and schedules. The Scholar projects and mentors are outlined in the following table:

NF-POGO Scholar Project Titles and Mentors Scholar Project Title Mentors Dudeja Gayatri

Regional Contribution of Tropical Storms and Hurricanes to Annual New Production in

the Sargasso Sea

Dr. Trevor Platt Dr. Shubha Sathyendranath

Colo Giannini Maria Fernanda

Phytoplankton Groups Assessment from Remote Sensing Data in the Sargasso Sea

Dr. Michael Lomas

Pham Thi Phuong Thao

Interannual to Decadal Variability of Upper Ocean Carbon Cycle

in the Western North Atlantic Ocean

Dr. Nicholas Bates

Klimchuk Evgeniya

Advection Heat Flux at the BATS Site Dr. Rod Johnson

Khammeri Yosra

The Effect of Atmospheric Dust on Phytoplankton Growth in the Sargasso Sea

Dr. Simon Ussher Dr. Kristen Buck

Khosravi Maziar

Numerical Modeling of the Surface Heat Fluxes in the Persian Gulf

Dr. Rod Johnson

Rasse Boada Rafael

Ocean Acidification Effects on the Redfield Ratio in the Sargasso Sea

Dr. Michael Lomas Mr. Steve Bell

Sert Muhammed Fatih

Biological Controls on C:N:P ratios in Particulate Organic Matter in the Sargasso

Sea

Dr. Michael Lomas

Guaman-Guevara Fabricio

Winter Variability of Seawater pCO2 and Coral Calcification Rates at Two Sites on the

Bermuda Coral Reef

Dr. Andreas Andersson

Akpetou Kouame Lazare

Copper Speciation Near a Metal Waste Dump in Castle Harbor, Bermuda

Dr. Kristen N. Buck

Dr. Simon Ussher

2.8 NF-POGO Scholars – Oral Presentations (General Public) Most young/early-career students need to work on their verbal presentation skills, especially scientific presentation skills. To help improve Scholar presentation skills – and to make sure Scholars were on track with their independent research projects – we held a number of seminar series for the students.

14

The first set of seminars was designed to be suitable for the general public. After a few weeks of practice, the Scholars gave their presentations to the BIOS Board of Directors, a body composed of about 40% scientists and 60% non-scientists. The seminars were very well received. 2.9 NF-POGO Scholars – Oral Presentations on Independent Projects The Scholars gave two scientific presentations on their independent research projects. The first presentation was on 28 April 2011. In attendance were members of the BIOS Board of Trustees. Many of the Trustees are internationally recognized marine scientists, while other Board members are from non-science backgrounds (e.g., business men and women). These presentations were very difficult to prepare, as the Scholars tended to use jargon and/or technical terms that were not understandable to the non-scientists in the audience. At the same time, the Scholars wanted to present enough science to impress the scientists who were present. Mentors spent considerable time with Scholars helping hone their presentations. In the end, the presentations were very well received, by scientists and non-scientists; a good learning opportunity. The second oral presentations were given on 18 May 2011, just before graduation. These presentations were given to BIOS faculty and staff; there was a large audience in attendance. These presentations were modeled after those normally presented at a scientific meeting. Jargon and technical terms were allowed, but we encouraged Scholars to include sufficient ‘background’ for those in attendance who were not experts in a given field. The presentations were of a very high caliber and were very well received by the scientists in attendance. When the Scholars were leaving BIOS at the end of the Programme (see details in Section 2.12) many commented favorably about how they had been taught to modify ‘the same talk’; one format for the scientific community, another format for the general public. Additionally, the Scholars expressed gratitude for these seminars, in part because the seminars had proved to be a strong pedagogical device, but also because many of them had been asked (as was hoped to be asked), to give a seminar when they returned home.

NF-POGO Scholar Fathih Sert discusses his research project and time at BIOS with Michael Butt, Board of Trustee.

2.10 NF-POGO Scholars – Final Project Reports Each Scholar was required to write a final report of their independent project. The format was to be that of a journal suitable for the research conducted. Reports were turned in to mentors for review/editing, and then returned to the Scholar to make suggested improvements. Manuscripts

15

were subjected to multiple revisions. A copy of each Scholar report is available as part of this Year 3 Annual Report, see Appendix 4A – 4J. As Scholars were leaving BIOS to return home, many commented positively during their exit interviews (Section 2.12) about the final written reports. Several suggested that in future years more time be dedicated to improving writing skills as part of the programme. 2.11 CofEOO Graduation Ceremonies The Year 3 NF-POGO CofEOO Graduation ceremonies were held on 20 May 2011 at the Hamilton Princess Hotel. Invited guests included members of the Bermuda Government: Senator and Mrs. Walwyn Hughes, The Hon. Dame Jennifer Smith, DBE, JP, DHumL, and MPMinister of Education, and PS for Education Mr. Warren Jones. Many members of the BIOS Board of Trustees as well as BIOS faculty and staff were also present. The opening remarks and welcome comments were provided by Dr. Tony Knap. The Hon. Dame Jennifer Smith gave congratulatory remarks (Appendix 5_A) and challenged the students to continue working to understand and protect the world ocean. The keynote address was given by Dr. Tom Malone from the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. A copy of Dr. Malone’s commencement speech is attached (Appendix 5_B). Dr. Malone had several meetings with the Scholars, both before and after the graduation ceremonies, both formal and informal. Scholars were all inspired by the warmth, friendliness, and scientific rigor of Dr. Malone. Each Scholar was awarded a Graduation Certificate. Awards were made by Drs. Malone and Plumley. The receiving line was manned by mentors who were responsible for presenting the modules and working with the Scholars on their independent projects.

NF-POGO Scholar Thao Pham, Dr. Tom Malone, Hon. Dame Jennifer Smith, and Dr. Tony

Knap (left to right) at NF-POGO graduation ceremonies. 2.12 Periodic and Exit Interviews Review of the Programme this year followed the same (successful) format used in Year 1 and Year 2. Both periodic and exit interviews were used. Briefly, meetings were held periodically with the Scholars to update them with new information, answer their questions, and field their issues/concerns. The office door of the Local Programme Director (Dr. Plumley) was always open as was his email mailbox. Both were used extensively.

16

2.13 Other Activities Each year BIOS attempts to give the NF-POGO Scholars a variety of ‘extra-curricular’ activities, hopefully including a number that will benefit their scientific/academic interests and careers. This year, many of the POGO Scholars became interested in scuba diving and were able to obtain their science diving credentials. Here is a photograph of several NF-POGO Scholars underwater. 3.0 Regional Training Programme in a Developing Country One objective of the CofEOO is to facilitate and assist with regional training programmes in developing countries. There are several complimentary goals, of which two will be mentioned here: 1) training of young students in a key aspect of observational oceanography; and 2) running a regional programme that will help attract future Scholars into the NF-POGO CofEOO in Bermuda. Mr. Tong P. H. Son Tong, Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang, Vietnam, was the organizer and host of the Year 3 Regional Training Programme in a developing country. The title, venue and dates of the training programme were:

The Application of Ocean Colour Remote Sensing for the Study of Marine and Coastal Processes and Related Bio-Resources

Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang, Vietnam September 19 – October 10, 2011

Trainees attended a series of lectures on ocean color remote sensing, satellite oceanography, marine-GIS, and its applications such as marine fisheries, investigations of tidal flats changes, red-tides, phytoplankton community structure, carbon flux, and primary productivity. A field trip in Nha Trang Bay was also organized to familiarize trainees with bio-optical instruments and measurements of chlorophyll-a concentration and primary production, as well as temperature, salinity and total suspended matter. The trainees were also introduced to the NF-POGO Alumni Network for Oceans (NANO) and the CofEOO at BIOS. The trainees worked on issues immediately relevant to their research, discussed these with their instructors and peers and presented final reports to the group using their new knowledge of satellite oceanography. The presentations indicated remarkable progress. They will be able to apply their new knowledge to their research after they return to their institutes and thus contribute to the development of an ocean colour remote sensing group in SE Asia. The 22 selected trainees included participants from Vietnam, as well as overseas participants from Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia. Compared with previous courses, the remote sensing knowledge and skills of the trainees were of a higher standard. Some of them had attended previous NF-POGO training courses.

17

Guest Instructors who participated in the Nha Trang Training Programme included: Dr. Sei Ichi Saitoh (Japan) Dr, Joji Ishizaka (Japan) Dr. Taka Hirata (Japan) Dr. Sasuki Matsumura (Japan), Dr. Joo Huyn Ryu (Korea) Dr. Jong Kuk Choi (Korea) Dr. F. Gerald Plumley (Bermuda)

A full report of the Vietnam Training Programme is provided in Appendix 6. 4.0 The Future of the NF-POGO CofEOO 4.1 Year 1 Changes that Were Implemented in Year 2 After Year 1 was complete, private exit interviews were held with each scholar. One of the main questions asked was: ‘how do we improve the programme?’ After the scholars left, BIOS faculty held discussions focused on how to improve the programme. Overall, several changes were implemented in the Year 2 programme. The changes are outlined below and are followed by comments about how these changes were perceived in Year 2.

1. The deadline for student applications was moved forward. This was necessary because of difficulties involved in getting Bermuda Work Permits and Transit Visas (i.e., in many cases, it was seemingly impossible to get one before the other without a lot of extra work). • This was a very positive change.

2. Several Scholars invited to participate decided not to attend. This was invariably a result of ‘family situations’, almost always involving young children or aging parents. The application form for Year 2 was modified to include questions such as ‘how will participation in the NF-POGO CofEOO adversely affect your family life, especially if you have young children or aging parents? Other questions were added to make sure Scholars understand that they cannot commute weekly between Bermuda and their home country to maintain a salaried position. • Again, this was very positive. Only one Scholar withdrew after being asked to

attend (she had not yet finished her MS degree and had anticipated she would be through).

3. Scholars were asked to conduct an ‘independent study’ during the second half of the CofEOO in Year 1. This did not work as well as anticipated. Students were much more interested in learning skills than in conducting research. For instance, they would rather conduct 5-10 short ‘experiments’, each involving a new skill, than to use one skill repeatedly in order to get publication quality results. For Year 2, the decision has been made to increase the duration of the modules (from roughly 2 weeks to 3 weeks) and to incorporate more laboratory and/or field skills into each module. The Year 1 Scholars thought this an excellent approach. • Scholars were very happy with the addition of new modules and the increased

efforts to get them into the laboratory for more hands-on training. 4. Related to #3, the research projects will be of shorter duration in Year 2 and will be much

more directed by BIOS faculty. Our problem in Year 1 was that many students took several weeks to decide on a project. While we encouraged Scholars to talk with faculty about their projects, many Scholars rotated through faculty several times as they attempted to finalize a project. This was frustrating for faculty and was not a productive

18

use of Scholar time/energy. For Year 2, the projects will be much more directed, but that does not mean we will ‘force’ students to do a project if they have the background necessary to convince us they want, and can, do something else. Our goal is to minimize ‘slippage’ (i.e., to get Scholars started on a reasonable project in a short period of time, rather than having them spend weeks mulling idea after idea). • This was the most positive of all changes. Scholars had a much better idea of the

work they were going to be involved with from an earlier stage. 5. During the exit interview (Section 2.12), several Scholars told us that they had learned

they needed a very detailed description of what they had done as part of the CofEOO. Some Scholars needed this for their home institution (i.e., many Scholars needed to ‘prove’ that they had been trained as part of the CofEOO). Other Scholars needed a detailed document of their work in order to obtain academic credit (e.g., a couple of Scholars had applied to graduate programs and wanted to receive academic credit for their work at BIOS as part of their degree). Our plan for Year 2 is to have instructors assign ‘grades’ at the end of each module (we are still debating whether these will be letter grades, e.g., A, B, C, etc, or a more descriptive evaluation such as First, Second, With Distinction, etc.). We will also give a ‘grade’ for the final independent project (including the work itself, the final oral presentation about the work, and the written report of the work).

• The grading system worked well. It allowed students to determine how they were progressing during the course of the Programme. Several students have subsequently asked for copies of their transcripts, which they will use as part of their application package to graduate schools.

6. We made several changes to the modules: • Our original plan for Year 1 was to have a ‘core skills’ module when the Scholars first

arrived. Our goal was to teach basic skills in writing (especially scientific writing) and oral presentations. As many of the Scholars arrived late, we decided to incorporate the presentation skills into weekly seminars (Section 2.8 and 2.9). This worked well. In contrast, we did not do a sufficient job of helping students improve their writing skills until the final reports were due (Section 2.10). We will include a ‘core skills’ module in Year 2 AND we will require that each module have at least one writing assignment that will be evaluated as part of the student grade. • This worked well, but still needs improvement. We need to be more proactive

in grading written reports and getting them back to Scholars in a timely fashion. • Our plan for Year 1 included a module on data management. This proved intractable,

as the instructors, part of the Ocean Data team from Belgium, were not able to participate as originally scheduled. The team is scheduled for Year 2. • This was a very successful module and is scheduled as part of the Year 3

programme.

• Many/most of the scholars had not had a course in ‘general oceanography’ when they arrived for the CofEOO Programme. Most indicated that such a course was not offered in their home country as part of the university curriculum. Year 2 will start with a module on Oceanography. The text will be Exploring the World Ocean by Sean Chamberlin and Tommy Dickey. The course will be team taught by BIOS faculty. McGraw-Hill, the publisher, has agreed to provide gratis copies of the text. • More of the Scholars in attendance for Year 2 of the CofEOO had already had a

course in General Oceanography. However, this was still a valuable addition to

19

the Programme. Students are able to hone their English skills, get to know each other, and settle in for the harder/more advanced courses to follow.

• The module on Physical Oceanography was modified (and shortened) in Year 1 at the last minute, due to BIOS faculty scheduling conflicts. A complete PO module is scheduled for Year 2. • This was one of the more successful modules this year.

To summarize, changes implemented following Year 1 of the CofEOO were largely positive. 4.2 Year 2 Changes to be Implemented in Year 3

1. Several Scholars commented on the slow turnaround on their assignments during some modules. There was also concern that some modules did not provide sufficient feedback on “English skills” (i.e., Scholars wanted comments about the science as well as comments about their ability to write/speak English).

2. One of the Year 2 Scholars had a very low ability to communicate verbally in English. His writing skills were also weak (in English) but satisfactory. This situation did not improve for several weeks until we were able to find a local tutor who spoke his native language. Still, this was very rough on the student and he went through some hard times, not feeling part of the group, not able to fully participate in the programme. Our solution for this is to conduct telephone interviews with top ranking students before they are officially accepted into the programme. We were able to implement this change into our Year 3 selection process and results of telephone interviews were forwarded to members of the POGO Selection Committee prior to their meeting in London in March 2010.

4.3 Year 3 Changes to be Implemented in Year 4

1. The single largest change to the Year 4 CofEOO was the addition of a module on

scientific writing. This ‘module’ was planned for delivery throughout the first semester (August through December) and would be team taught. The idea was that the Core Skills module was helping student learn the fundamentals of writing English sentences and short reports (as well as to give scientific and/or public seminars), but that few of the Scholars were sufficiently fluent in ‘how to write a scientific manuscript for publication’. The text chosen for this module was How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper: 7th Edition. Robert A. Day and Barbara Gastel (released June 2011).

5.0 Out Years 5.1 Year 4 Scholars We are pleased to announce that the NF accepted a proposal from POGO to support a fourth year of the CofEOO at BIOS starting in August 2011. A call for student applications was announced in 2010. Applications were due 30 January 2010. Applications were received from 85 students from 36 countries; the most numerous applications were from Brazil, India, and Nigeria. The applications were reviewed by faculty at BIOS (see Section 2.2.2 for details). A list of suggested finalists and first alternates was presented for consideration to the POGO Executive Committee, which met in Seoul, South Korea, after the POGO-12 meeting. A list of finalists and alternates was forwarded to NF for review and acceptance. We are pleased to report that 10 NF-POGO Scholars accepted the invitation to participate (see Table below).

20

Details on the 10 students selected to be NF-POGO Scholars during Year 4 of the CofEOO.

First Name

Middle Name Last Name Nationality

M/F Age

Anna Sergeevna Rumyatseva Polish F 21 Arvind NA Singh Indian M 27 Chunli NA Liu Chinese F 30 Elisee NA Toualy Ivory Coast M 31 Gerry Giliant Salamena Indonesian M 22 Mara Silvia Braverman Argentinian F 30 Monika Izabela Orchowska Polish? F 25 Ousmane NA Diankha Senegalese M 25 Priscila Kienteca Lange Brazillian F 28 Yuna NA Zayasu Japanese F 26

5.2 Keeping the Network Active (What Next for Current NF-POGO Scholars?) We realized during Year 1 of NF-POGO CofEOO that it was important for the Scholars to have access to digital libraries and personal laptop computers when they return to their home countries. The CofEOO was able to provide both of these to Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3 Scholars. Briefly, this gives students unlimited access to all the digital library assets of the MBL/WHOI digital library consortium. The laptop computers contained many software programs used throughout the CofEOO as well as the many manuscripts, working papers, presentations and related scientific documents accumulated during the 10 month training programme. The end result was an extremely fine tuned set of applications for ocean observatory work on a laptop computer; the type of applications that all young Scholars need and could use on a daily basis when they return to their home country. One of the outgrowths of the various POGO educational programmes, including the CofEOO, has been the creation of NANO (The NF-POGO Network of Alumni). Drs. Trevor Platt and Shubha Sathyendranath have played a critical role in the creation of NANO. Several CofEOO Scholars from Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3 are active members. More details can be found on NANO here: http://www.nf-pogo-alumni.org/about+NANO. 5.3 Training Programme in a Developing Country The Year 4 training programme in a developing country will be held in India. Dr. Srinivas Kumar (Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services) has agreed to organize the Training Programme. The title of the training programme is: The Application of Ocean Colour Remote Sensing in Primary Productivity and Ecosystem Modelling. The programme will be held 5 – 26 February, 2012. Host institutions include the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad, and the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) and Andhra University, Visakhapatnam Pending approval of funding for Year 5 of the CofEOO, we are in the early stages of planning a fourth Training Programme in a Developing Country in Asia, in Thailand. Dr. Andrew Willmott, will be the lead instructor. Dr. Willmott travels frequently to Thailand to work with

21

scientists in the general area of sea level rise/climate change. Dr. Willmott is the Director of Science and Technology at the National Oceanographic Centre, Southampton, UK. 5.4 Self-sustainability of the CofEOO Long-term, the goal is for the CofEOO to become self-sustaining. One corporate donor was identified for the inaugural year (2008 – 2009) and a second during Year 2 (2009 – 2010) and Year 3 (2010 – 2011). We are optimistic that three donors will participate in Year 4. Our goal is to identify five to ten donors, which will help defray costs associated with all Scholars. 6.0 Past Scholars – Where are They Now? What are they doing? As mentioned above, one goal of the CofEOO is to build a legacy that will endure into the future. To determine if the CofEOO has been successful, updates were requested from students who attended the Year 1 CofEOO (2008 – 2009), Year 2 (2009 – 2010) and Year 3 (2010 – 2011) programmes. Below are brief updates on each Scholar, from which we conclude that the Scholars chosen to participate have been excellent and that the programme has been successful in many/most of its goals. Kidwai Samina • Still employed by the National Institute of Oceanography.

• Work relates to stock assessment program (FRAP: Fishery Resource Appraisal Program), a collaboration between the FAO, Marine Fisheries Department and NIO.

• Assisted in the preparation of protocols for oceanographic observations – a manual that provide guidelines of how to take basic oceanographic observations during fish surveys.

• Part of the team for a 2 year project that involves carrying out an EIA for a power plant.

• Attended several national level meetings and workshops on various marine related issues

• Enjoyed talking to the under-graduate/graduate students from the university who visit NIO; topics include (zoo)plankton methodology, oceanography in Pakistan, the region and internationally; and other relevant topics.

• Invited to present at the Training Course on Sustainable Fisheries and Protection of Marine Life Environment, Presentation titled: Remote Sensing and its Application in Fisheries and Aquaculture (a case study).

• Submitted 2 in-house project proposals, revising another national project proposal.

• Invited to be a member of the IMBER Capacity Building Task Team (CBTT) for 2010.

• Continues as Managing Editor of the Pakistan Journal of Oceanography (published Vol 5; Vol 6 is in the pipeline)

Queiroz Eurico Tiago Justino

• Started a PhD programme the last term of 2010 or beginning of 2011 o Will do this in conjunction with University of Cape Town o Work related to short- and long-term variability of the

Angola-Benguela Frontal Zone and its relationship to regional climate, fisheries etc.

22

• Lecturer of Introduction to Geophysics courses at home university • On path to promotion to Auxiliary Professor • Collaborating with the Fisheries Institute, establishing the base

for future connections between the university and institute • Consulting for EAI reports • Attended a specialization course on education and pedagogics,

graduated last month and should start a UNITAR course on International Environmental

• Invited to attend the OCEANOBS'09 conference (Venice, September 2009) and SAFARI'10 workshop and conference (Kochi, Feb. 2010)

• Active in NANO, submitted a proposal to use moored arrays in the tropical Atlantic.

Smati Hossem Edine

• Attended the AGU Ocean Sciences meeting and presented his POGO research

• Formulating PhD research project ideas based on models of zooplankton population dynamics in the economic zone of New Caledonia based on a 12 year time series of acoustic data

• Active in NANO, recently submitting a proposal to work on coastal water dynamics and impacts on coastal erosion and pollutant dispersal.

Ayala Campos Rene • Finished graduate degree • Created a civil association to protect the environment

Joshi Nimitkumar Dilipbhai

• In late stages of finishing PhD • Currently working with an NGO with a mandate of coastal

biodiversity surveys and pollution monitoring. Recently promoted to position of ecologist within the NGO.

• Nominated as a trustees in another NGO focused on environmental issues such as whale sharks and turtle rescues. -- did you get a promotion

• Attended SAFARI symposium at Cochi and connected with Tiago Queiroz, Drs. Platt and Sathyendranath

Matias Catia Isabel Pereira

• Finished MSc degree o Used POGO project as MSc thesis research

• Currently working on fellowship at home university on research project related to interannual variability in seasonal phytoplankton biomass in southern Portugal as determined by remote sensing

• Participated in OTN (Ocean Tracking Network) workshop, whose goal is to place acoustic receivers in several key places in the global ocean to track different species

Lartey-Antwi Lailah Gifty • Speaker at the conference on Biogeochemical Impacts of Climate and Land-use Changes on Marine Ecosytems, Trieste, Itlaly o Research topic was based on the oyster project research

conducted at BIOS • Officially finished graduate school

23

• Visited NF on 26 April 2010 o Thanks to help of Mr. Makoto Wada

• Presentation at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology on 30 April 2010 o Topic: Solid Waste (garbage, dumping sites, leachate and e-

waste) in Ghana o Funds provided by Scientist Emeritus Dr. John Farrington

(WHOI) who arranged contribution from Prof. TAKADA to partially cover travel expenses.

o Selected as PhD candidate at International Max-Planck School for Biochemical Processes (IMPRS-gBGC) in Jena, Germany. Research will focus on quaternary paleoenvironments using ostracods to study past climate in the Tibetan Plateau.

o Active in NANO, recently submitting a proposal to monitor heavy metals in North and West Africa.

Akinnigbagbe Akintoye Edward

• Married on June 12 • Represents Department at home Institute when visitors are present • Attended or invited to attend workshops outside Nigeria, o Attended one in Australia o Attended one in Belgium based on an invitation from

UNESCO/ IOC on the Ocean Teacher Academy training course on Oceanographic Data Management

o Invited to attend the workshop of the National Planning Commission, The Presidency, Abuja, Nigeria through my institute to represent Nigeria in a course on Ocean Observation and Hydrographic Survey in Korea starting from 30th September to 23rdOctober, 2010.

• Submitted two papers for publication • Attended a workshop on West African Paleoecological and

Paleoclimate • Abstract accepted at the Science Association of Nigeria • Title: " Organic contaminants/ Pollutants in Nigeria Coastal

Waters: Effects of Oil Pollution and Human Activities". • Registered for MPhil programme • Active in NANO, involved in proposal to monitor ocean

dynamics and impacts on coastal erosion along the Gulf of Guinea.

Palermo Joseph Dominic Herbano

• Currently working at the Biological Oceanography and Modeling of Ecosystem Lab with a project on harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the tropics

• Conducting field experiments on zooplankton grazing, toxicology, hydrographic surveys, remote sensing and more

• Will soon start java programming for agent based modeling • Promoted to senior research associate • Accepted to PhD program, but deferred to work on HAB project • Attended a local conference and presented a paper about

zooplankton grazing during a Pyrodinium bloom.

24

• Two manuscripts in preparation • Mentor at National Science Camp for high school students –

several now inspired to pursue degree in marine sciences • Served as volunteer in flood relief program.

Kreiger Sebastian • Abstract accepted at Ocean Sciences Meeting 2010 o Work based on POGO project conducted at BIOS

• Currently enrolled in the PhD programme of the Oceanographic

Institute of the University of São Paulo o Providing lectures to undergraduate students at the University. o Involved in a project that tries to bring oceanography to

secondary school students through short eye-catching workshops. It has been great to try to explain to teen age student concepts like ocean circulation, greenhouse effect, CO2, global climate change, and what to do to help without using a single equation!

• Visited WHOI and met with Drs. M. Conte, J Farrington and K. Brink to share some of the work I did and some experiences in Bermuda.

• Gave an informal talk at the University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, on the research conducted at BIOS

• Attended the Austral Summer Institute X at the University of Concepción in Chile,

• Invited by the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) to attend the 2010 Southwestern Hemisphere Workshop Series on Climate Change held at the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina.

• Writing three articles (one of which from my POGO project), one project proposal and a short guide to Python for oceanography.

• Developing a data distribution server application

The following information was collected for select Year 2 Scholars

Kivva Kirill • Working at the Lab of Climatic Bases of Bio-productivity, Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO). Current position is equivalent to graduate research assistant.

• Started PhD course at Lomonosov Moscow State University. Area of study is mesoscale variability of bio-hydrochemical structure of the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhtsk.

W.N.C Priyadarshani • Associated with the Oceanography Division, NARA, Mattakkuliva in Colombo, Sri Lanka.

• Current work is on river plume dynamics on influences on coastal ecosystems.

• Active with NANO, recently submitting proposal to study phytoplankton carbon export from reef ecosystems in Sri Lanka.

Hui Zhao • Accepted as a Visiting Fellow to work in the Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, St. John’s,

25

Newfoundland with Dr. Guoqi Han. H.C. Tin • Active in oceanographic research in Vietnam.

• Attended Vietnam workshop and acted as co-host for the training programme (see Section 3, above, and Appendix 6). Active in NANO, recently involved in two proposals (establishment of SE Asian Sea time-series study in the Eastern Sea; remote sensing applications for marine fishery resources in upwelling regions of the southern Vietnam Sea.

• • •

The following information was provided for Year 3 Scholars as of December 2011

Guaman-Guevara

Fabricio • Applying for PhD with MARES, a three-year Joint PhD Programme offered through 23 partner institutions (Coordinated through Ghent University, Belgium).

• Proposed topics for study include: - In situ Effects of Ocean Acidification on the Main Agents of Carbonate Dissolution in Coral Reefs: Boring Microflora and Fauna - The challenge of living in a High CO2 World

Dudeja Gayatri • Enrolled in PhD Programme in Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton.

• Current research is to determine if it is possible to detect and attribute climate change in satellite records of primary production.

Pham Thi Phuong Thao

• Working at Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang, Vietnam • Attended and helped co-host the Workshop (see Section 3, above,

and Appendix 6, for details). • Currently writing a proposal to study carbon/CO2 chemistry in

coastal waters of Vietnam. This is a continuation of the Thao’s research project as a CofEOO member. It will be the first such study conducted in Vietnam. Active in NANO, recently participating in two proposals (establishment of SE Asia Sea Time-series study of environmental monitoring; remote sensing applications for marine fisheries in upwelling regions of Vietnam Sea).

Colo Giannini Maria Fernanda

• Returned to her home university and started her PhD. • Continues to work with Brazilian colleagues. Recent publications

include: MOSER, G. A. O. ; CIOTTI, A. M. ; GIANNINI, M. F. C. ; TONINI, R. T. ; HARARI, J (Accepted). Brazilian Journal of Biology (Impresso), 2012.

• Active in NANO, submitting a proposal to study life cycles of invertebrates of rocky shores in response to rising sea levels.

Klimchuk Evgeniya • Returned to PhD studies in Lomonosov Moscow State University. • Working as a research technician at State Research Center of

Space Hydrometeorology “Planeta”, where she is monitoring SST

26

of the Black and Azov Seas via satellite data. Khammeri Yosra • Remains active in Tunisian oceanography, recently presenting a

proposal to NANO for continuation of ocean science research pertaining to monitoring heavy metal pollution in the North and West Africa coastal waters.

• Co-author of a second proposal to NANO addressing water dynamics and coastal erosion in Tunisia.

Khosravi Maziar • Returned to his home institution, INIO. • Reportedly very busy with current duties.

Rasse Boada Rafael • Remains active with the Cariaco Basis research • Member of NANO, submitted proposal to study persistent organic

pollutants in rivers and coastal areas of Venezuela. Sert Muhammed

Fatih • Remains active in oceanography in Turkey, recently authoring

and presenting a proposal to NANO to determine antimicrobial pollution and antibacterial resistance in aquaculture in Turkey.

Akpetou Kouame Lazare

• Remains active in Ivory Coast oceanography, rencently co-authoring a proposal submitted at NANO (see Yosra Khammeri, above) pertaining to monitoring heavy metal pollution in North and West Africa coastal waters.

Year 3 NF-POGO Scholars. Photograph taken at BIOS a few days before Scholars returned to their home country. Scholars created this photograph and added their names and national flags of their home countries so that they could remember each other and the good and productive times they had as members of the CofEOO at BIOS.