CELLSStructure &

Transport Review

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls what enters or leaves cell;

When DNA is loosely packed and spread out in the nucleus of a cell of non-dividing cells it is called ____________.chromatin

Bacteria are ______________ prokaryotes eukaryotes

prokaryotes

This storage spaceis a ___________.vacuole

http://library.thinkquest.org/3564/Cells/cell93.gif

Tell the 3 of the parts of the cell theory.*All living things are made of cells.*Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism* Cells are produced from existing cells.

Small structure in a cell that performsa specific function

organelle

Name the Cell PEOPLE

German zoologist who

concluded all animals

are made of cells _______________________

English scientist who 1st

saw “little boxes” in cork

and called them cells ___________________

Theodor Schwann

Robert Hooke

Tell which part does it?

Burns glucose ____________________

Controls what enters or leaves the cell ___________________

Guides chromosomesduring cell division __________________

Digests unwanted substances or cell parts _______________

Makes proteins ______________________

Contains chromatin ___________________

Mitochondria

Cell membrane

Centrioles

Lysosomes

RibosomesNucleus

Name the Cell PEOPLE

American biologist who

provided evidence for

the Endosymbiotic theory ___________________

This theory explains the origins of which cell parts?

_______________ _________________

Lynn Margulis

Mitochondria & chloroplasts

An animal cell is a ____________. prokaryote eukaryote

eukaryote

This organelle isthe ____________Rough ER

http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html

Name an organelle that assists withmovement

Cilia OR flagella OR CYTOSKELETON

Name the organelle which is called the “power plant” of the cellbecause it provides energy

mitochondrion

Name the storage space that is larger in plants than animals.

vacuole

Name the molecule that provides the energy for cell activities

ATP

Cells that have a cell membranebut NOT a nuclear membrane are

________________

prokaryotes

Name the organelle that acts as the cell’s control center.

nucleus

Cell membranes are made of these 2 main kinds of molecules.

Phospholipids & proteins

Name the dark spot in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are made.

nucleolus

Membranes that allow certain moleculesto pass through and not others are saidto be ___________________ permeable.Selectively OR semi-

Programmed cell death or “cell suicide” for the good of the organism Apoptosis

Proteins are made on the __________ in a cell.

ribosomes

Tell which part does it? Makes lipids

for membranes ____________________

Stores energy as ATP ___________________

Spread out DNA __________________

Modifies & transports proteins

made on its ribosomes ____________________

Regulates calcium levelsin muscle cells ________________

Supports and protectsplant cells ___________________

smooth ERMitochondria

chromatin

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Cell wall

In what kind of cell would you expect to see chromatin?

dividing non-dividing

Non-dividing

Thylakoid stacks would be seen inside_____________________

Mitochondria Golgi bodies chloroplasts

chloroplasts

What’s the function? Mitochondria ____________________

Ribosomes ___________________

Cell wall __________________

Golgi bodies ____________________

Centrioles ________________

Smooth ER ___________________

burn glucose; make ATPMake proteins

support; protectionPackage molecules for storage

or exportGuide chromosomes apart during cell division

Make steroids in gland cells; regulate calcium in muscle cells; Break down toxins in liver

Cell organelles that burnglucose and store energy as ATP.

mitochondria

This structureis a __________Flagellum

(pl. flagella)

Name an organelle that is made of microtubules

Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, OR centrioles

A membrane protein with carbohydrates attached to its surface that functions incell identification is called a____________________glycoprotein

Tell which part does it? Makes ATP ____________________

Controls what enters or leaves the nucleus _________________

Help cell move __________________

Modify, sort, & package

substances for transport _________________

Makes ribosomes ______________________

Control center of cell ___________________

Mitochondria

nuclear envelope

Cilia or flagella

Golgi bodiesnucleolus

Nucleus

Name this part.

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AnimalCells.html

According to the Endosymbiotic theory, which organelle probably evolved from photosynthesizing bacteria that were incorporated into early prokaryotic cells?

chloroplasts

GOLGI BODY

Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has DNA

Mitochondria OR chloroplasts

Tell one difference between cilia and flagella.

Cilia- many, shorterFlagella-one or two, longer

Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has a double membrane

Mitochondria OR chloroplasts

Give 2 kinds of evidence that support the Endosymbiotic theory. Mitochondria and chloroplasts: have circular DNA like bacteria divide using binary fission like bacteria have lipids in their inner membranes like bacteria have ribosomes like bacteria

Tell which part does it?

Contains genetic info __________________

Give cell shape/support ____________

Few, long structuresfor locomotion __________________

Provide more surfacearea inside mitochondria _________________

Place for photosynthesis __________________

Large storage space ___________________

Intracellular highway ______________________

nucleuscytoskeleton

flagella

cristaechloroplast

vacuole

Rough ER

Name this part.

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AnimalCells.html

According to the Endosymbiotic theory, which organelle probably evolved from aerobic bacteria that were incorporated into early prokaryotic cells?

mitochondria

Smooth ER

Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called _________ ER.

rough

Membrane bound sac thatcontains digestive enzymes.

lysosome

This organellemakes ATP.

mitochondrion

Because the phospholipids in a cellmembrane form 2 layers it is called a _____________.bilayer

_________ ER does NOT haveribosomes attached

Smooth

The _______________ is made of microfilaments and microtubules andhelps the cell to maintain its shape.

cytoskeleton

The yellow part of this phospholipid molecule stays on the outside of the bilayer next to the water environment because it is ______________.

polar nonpolar

polar

What is the job of the ribosomes?

Make proteins

Pancake-like stack of membranesthat modify, sort, &package substances for transport.

Golgi body

Tell which part does it? Breaks down toxins ____________________

Power plant ___________________

Tightly scrunched up DNA __________________

Allows molecules in &out of nucleus ____________________

Sacs inside chloroplasts ________________

Supports and protectsbacterial cells ___________________

smooth ERMitochondria

chromosomes

Nuclear pores

thylakoids

Cell wall

Name a cell part that

has this 9 + 2

arrangement of

microtubules

Cilia OR flagella

Organelle in a plant or animal cell that contains the cell’s genetic material.

nucleus

The folded inner membrane inthe mitochondria which help to increase the surface area for chemical reactions is called the_______________.

cristae

Ribosomes are made of __________ & __________Protein RNA

Which of these proteins is a peripheral protein?

B; sticks on the surface of the membrane

http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC040844/animalcells.htm

What is the function of the Rough ER?

Modify and transport molecules madeby its ribosomes

This organelle is a _____________Golgi Body

http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.htm

What’s the function? rough ER ____________________

nucleus ___________________

cytoskeleton __________________

cell membrane ____________________

chloroplast ________________

vacuole ___________________

nucleolus ________________________

modify/transport proteinsContain DNA; control center

support; give shapeControl what enters/leaves cellphotosynthesis

Stores water, food, molecules, wasteMake RNA for ribosomes

A plant cell is a ______________. prokaryote eukaryote

eukaryote

Name the organelle that carries outphotosynthesis.

chloroplast

Name the sacs found inside chloroplasts that contain the molecules for photosynthesis

thylakoids

Name the folded membranes foundinside mitochondria

cristae

Which of these proteins is an integral protein?

A; sticks INto the membrane

http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC040844/animalcells.htm

The many short structures on the top of thiscell are __________cilia

Cells that have a nuclear membraneare called ________________eukaryotes

Describe the pathway a protein like insulin might follow from where it is made until it is secreted by a pancreas cell.

_________→_______→______ →_______Rough ER

Plasmamembrane

Golgiribosomes

Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html

The organelle that regulates calcium in muscle cells, makes lipids for membranes, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the ____________________Smooth ER

The cytoskeleton is made of______________ & ______________Microfilaments microtubules

The organelle that regulates calcium in muscle cells, makes lipids for membranes, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the ____________________Smooth ER

The cytoskeleton is made of______________ & ______________Microfilaments microtubules

The blue part of this phospholipid molecule stays inside the membrane away from water because it is ______________.

polar nonpolar

Non polar

A = ________________

B = ________________

C = ________________

D= _________________

E= __________________

A

Cell membrane

B

C

DE

Rough ER

nucleusGolgi BodyMitochondrion

Tell what this molecule

does

“self” identification

Tell what this molecule does

Store and transfer energy

http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm

Put in order of increasing size:

Organ cell organ system organism tissue

_______ _________ _________

_____________ ______________

cell tissue organ

organ system organism

Name a cell part thatwould use thismolecule

It is an amino acid; ribosomes use it to make proteins

Name the cell part that makes this molecule

mitochondria

Put the following cells in order of decreasing size:

Bacterium Plant cell Animal cell

_________ ________ _________ small smaller smallest

Plant Animal Bacterium

How are the molecules in the cell walls of these organisms different?

Plants Fungi Bacteria

Which of these are EUKARYOTES?

cellulose chitin peptidoglycan

Plants and fungi are eukaryotes . . . So are animals!

True or False

Bacteria don’t have a CELL membrane.

FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside

Name one of the functions of Smooth ERMake lipids for membranes, regulate calcium levels,Break down toxic substances

Name an organelle that is made up ofCISTERNAE

Golgi bodies

A group of cells that work together tocarry out a specific function are called a _______________tissue

Tell why cells switch their DNA between chromatin and chromosome forms

Chromosomes-tightly packed so easy to move during cell division;

Chromatin-loosely packed andspread out so it is easier to read andget information when cell is “doing its job”

Name this molecule found

in cell membranes

phospholipid

Name this cell part

centriole

http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/cells.htm

http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4a.asp

Name this molecule found

in cell membranes

glycoprotein

Name this molecule

ATP

http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm

Image by Riedell

True or FalseBacteria don’t have ribosomes.

False; Yes, they doRibosomes aren’t made of membranes

True or False

Plant cells don’t have centrioles

True; at least we can’t see them

Membrane proteins that help water across a cell membrane

aquaporins

A group of organs that work together tocarry out a specific function are called an _______________Organ system

Name the process by which your fingersand toes formed from paddle-likestructures and your tail disappeared?

apoptosis

http://www.mgm.ufl.edu/images/bharfe/image3.jpg

http://www.nurseminerva.co.uk/tail_bud.htm

Centrioles are only seen in__________________________ cells.dividing animal

You would expect to see cristae insidea ________________mitochondrion

Cells that need a lot of energy probably have a lot of ______________

Golgi bodies Smooth ER mitochondria centrioles

mitochondria

Endoplasmic reticulum withoutribosomes attached is called_____________________Smooth ER

A membrane thatlets certain molecules pass

through and not others is called_______________Semi permeable OR

selectively permeable

http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg

The ___________ is the basic unit of life.

cell

What do ribosomes make?

proteins

Process in which cells change and develop into different kinds of cells doing different jobs

Differentiation OR cell specialization

Idea that all living things are made of cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and new cells are produced from existing cells

Cell theory

Molecule found in the cellwalls of fungi that makes them sturdy

chitin

Membrane sacs stacked likepancakes in a Golgi body

cisternae

Collection of living material enclosed by a barrier that separates it from its surroundings; the basic unit of life

cell

Log-like structures that help organizethe spindle and guide the chromosomes apart during cell division in animal cells

centrioles

DNA with attached proteins found spread out in the nucleus of non-dividing cells

chromatin

Describes molecules that try tostay away from water…means “water fearing”

hydrophobic

Group of different organs working together

organ system

Protein found in cell membraneswhich helps molecules get acrossthe membrane

transport protein

“Walking” proteins that interact with the microtubules in the cytoskeleton to move chromosomes or cell parts

Motor proteins

Protein found on the inside or outside surface of cell membranesPeripheral

proteins

Theory that suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic ancestors that were engulfed and stayed to live in an ancient host cell

Endosymbiotic theoryProtein found embedded in the phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes;these can go part way or all the way across the membraneintegral

proteins

Tell one way plant cells and animal cells are alike?

Both: are eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane have membrane bound organelles have a cell membrane have DNA in multiple chromosomes

Tell one way plant cells and bacterial cells are alike?

Both: have a cell wall have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes

Tell one way animal cells and bacterial cells are alike?

Both: have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes

Tell one way plant cells are different from animal cells?

PLANTS ANIMALS

Have cell wall NO cell wallHave chloroplasts No chloroplasts no centrioles have centriolesBig vacuole small vacuole

Tell one way plant cells are different from bacteria cells?

PLANTS BacteriaEukaryotes prokaryotesHave chloroplasts No chloroplastsCellulose peptidoglycan

in cell wall in cell wallBig vacuole no vacuolenucleus no nucleusMembrane bound organelles No membrane bound

organelles

Tell one way animal cells are different from bacteria cells?

Animal BacteriaEukaryotes prokaryotesNo cell wall cell wallvacuole no vacuolenucleus no nucleusMembrane bound organelles No membrane bound

organellesCentrioles no centrioles

Molecules that are dissolved in a liquid are called the __________ SOLUTE

A state that exists when the CONCENTRATION of a substance IS THE SAME throughout a space

equilibrium

http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/Directry.htm

The pressure of water pushing against the cell wall in a plant cell is called ________________ pressure.

What keeps plant cells from bursting when placed in a HYPOTONIC solution?

osmotic

They have a cell wall

The dots in the diagrams below represent solute dissolved in liquid.

LABEL THE LIQUID FOUND OUTSIDE THE CELLS:

HYPERTONIC HYPOTONICISOTONIC

This egg shrank smaller because it was placed in a ______________ liquid.hypertonic

The swelling and bursting of an animal cell when placed in a HYPOTONIC solution

cytolysis

An INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN that provides a passageway/tunnel across the cell membrane through which WATER molecules can moveduring osmosis

Aquaporinshttp://www.spps.kvl.dk/news/0507/Lund4.jpg

Solution in which the

solute concentration outside

the cell is greater than inside

Molecule used by cells to provideenergy for activities

hypertonic

ATP

Solution in which the

solute concentration outside

and inside a cell are EQUALisotonic

Stay the same sizeAnimal cells placed in this solution will ______________

swell and burst shrink stay same size

Process by which water molecules move from higher to lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

osmosis

http://www.quia.com/files/quia/users/lmcgee/membranetransport/aquaporin.gif

This egg grew bigger because it was placed in a ______________ liquid.hypotonic

A membrane thatlets certain molecules pass

through and not others is called_______________Semi-permeable OR

selectively permeable

Image from: http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg

Solution in which the

solute concentration outside

the cell is LESS than inside

Animal cells placed in this liquid will ______________

swell and burst shrink stay same sizehypotonic

swell & burst

iodine

Name the substance that turns blue-black when it reacts with starch

The process by which molecules MOVE from an area of HIGHER concentration to an area of LOWER concentration

diffusion

http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBooktransp.html

The shrinking away of the cell membrane from the cell wall in a plant cell when placed in a HYPERTONIC environment

plasmolysis

Membrane proteins that help movemolecules across cell membranes are_______ proteinsintegral peripheralintegral

A small membrane bound sac in a eukaryotic cell used to transport substances around inside a cell

The shrinking of animal cells when placed in a hypertonic solution is called ______________

vesicle

crenation

mass of a dissolved substance in a given volume

concentration

The difference in the concentrationof molecules across a space

Concentration gradient

Image by Riedell

Solution in which the

solute concentration outside

and inside the cell is equal

isotonic

Osmosis and diffusion both move molecules from a______________________ concentration.

lower to higher higher to lower

higher to lower