WHAT IS INSIDE A CELL?

ORGANELLES

CYTOPLASM

AND

DNA!!!

Examples of Cells

Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell

Bacteria

Two Types of Cells

•Prokaryotic

•Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

• Do not have organelles

• Few internal structures: cell membrane and cytoplasm

• No Nucleus• One-celled

organisms, Bacteria

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic• Almost all multicellular organisms are eukaryotic• Cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.• Has genetic material inside of nucleus

Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

Cell Structure & Function

Contain organelles surrounded by membranesMost living organisms

http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

“Typical” Animal Cell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

“Typical” Plant Cell

Cell Parts

Organelles

Surrounding the Cell

Cell Membrane

• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell

• Double layer • Protective covering that

encloses the entire cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cell Wall

• Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria

• Supports & protects cells

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Inside the Cell

Nucleus

• Directs cell activities

• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane

• Contains genetic material - DNA

Cytoplasm

• Gel-like mixture

• Surrounded by cell membrane

• Contains hereditary material

• Most of the work of the cell is carried out here

• Scanning electron micrograph of a fracture of nerve cells. The central nucleus and surrounding cytoplasm are visible

Endoplasmic Reticulum• Moves materials around

in cell• Manufactures parts of the

cell membrane

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Vesicles

• Transports processed materials to the Golgi Apparatus

• Part of the broken off endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes

• Each cell contains thousands

• Uses information from the nucleus to build proteins

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Mitochondria• Uses oxygen to produce energy

from processing food, mostly sugars through chemical reactions - breaking down fats & carbohydrates

• Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Golgi Bodies

• Takes materials man- ufactured by the e.r., and finishes processing them.

• Move materials within and in or out of the cell

• Folded membranes looks like stack of pancakes

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Lysosome• Containes wates

andstores and breaks down nutrients ~ digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

• Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal

• Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Vacuoles

• Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal

• Contains water solution

• Help plants maintain shape

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chloroplast

• Usually found in plant cells

• Contains green chlorophyll

• Where photosynthesis takes place

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html