Cells & Cell Organelles Ms. Burakiewicz Chapter 5.
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Transcript of Cells & Cell Organelles Ms. Burakiewicz Chapter 5.
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Cells & Cell OrganellesMs. Burakiewicz
Chapter 5
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Cytology & Scientists
Cytology is the study of ___________________
_________________ – used a compound microscope, examined slices of cork – saw boxlike structures, now we call these structures cells.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek – used a single-lens microscope, examined pond water – saw living things, now we call them ____________________organisms.
__________________ – named the structure known as the _________________ but did not know the function of it at this time.
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The 3 Basic Components of the Cell Theory are:
1. All organisms are composed of one or more ________.
2. The cell is the __________ unit of _________ in all living things.
3. All cells are produced by the _____________ of preexisting cells (cells come from cells!)
The Cell Theory
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Prokaryotic Cells
“_________________” – contains ______ membrane-bound organelles, no ___________These consist of the smallest, simple,
single-celled organismsEx) ____________
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Eukaryotic Cells“_____________” contains membranes,
many organelles, has a nucleus__________________________________
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Differences between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cellsBacterial cells also contain flagellum, plasmid and capsule .
Feature Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Size Small about 0.5 micrometers
Larger, Up to 40 micrometers
Genetic material
Circular DNA plasmid (cytoplasm)
DNA in form of chromosomes (nucleus)
OrganellesFew present, none membrane bound
Many organelles
Cell walls Rigid
•Fungi: rigid, formed from polysaccharide, chitin. •Plant: rigid, formed from polysaccharides. Ex) cellulose. •Animals no cell wall
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Types of cells
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Cell size comparison
Bacterial cell
Animal cell
micron = micrometer = 1/1,000,000 meter diameter of human hair = ~20 microns
most bacteria 1-10 microns
eukaryotic cells 10-100 microns
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Why study cells? Bodies Cells
______________________________
______________________________
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What jobs have to be performed for an organism to live… breathe eat make energy remove wastes respond to environment growth & development reproduction
The Work of Life
these are the same jobs your cells have to do!these are the same jobs your cells have to do!
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Cells gotta live! What jobs do cells have to do?
_____________________ for daily life for growth
_____________________ growth reproduction repair
_____________________ proteins control every
cell function
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Organelles ___________________ structures in the
_______________ of cells that carry out these specific functions (jobs).
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Cell Membrane (plasma membrane) Separates cell from surrounding
________________ Maintains ____________________ ______ layered structure – lipids, proteins, and
carbohydrates (Fluid Mosaic Model) ________________________ – allows some
substances to pass freely, others to not pass at all
Made mostly of Proteins and Phospholipids!!!!! We will look at this more later…
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Cytoplasm ______________ material, between the cell
membrane and nucleus. _______________ the many organelles Organelles “__________” in this
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Making Proteins
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Proteins do all the work!
one of the major job of cells is to make proteinsone of the major job of cells is to make proteins
proteins do all the work!proteins do all the work!
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Building Proteins Organelles involved
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
nucleus ribosome ERGolgi
apparatusvesicles
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Nucleus Function
__________________ __________________
instructions for building proteins
Structure nuclear membrane
pores for moving material in & out
nucleolus ribosome factory
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Nucleus
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Ribosomes Function
________________________________________
Structure RNA & proteins 2 subunits
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Function
____________________________________
__________________ __________________
membrane factory
Structure rough ER
ribosomes attached smooth ER
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rough ER ribosomes
attached
smooth ER
Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Golgi Apparatus Function
__________________________________ “shipping & receiving department”
__________________________________ ships proteins in ___________________
membrane sacs “UPS trucks”
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Golgi Apparatus
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DNA
RNA
ribosome
endoplasmicreticulum
vesicle
Golgi apparatus
vesicle
proteinon its way!
protein finishedprotein
Making Proteins
TO:
TO:
TO:
TO:
nucleus
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Making proteins
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Making Energy
ATP
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Cells need power! Making energy
______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________
ATP
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Lysosomes Function
_______________________________ digests food
_______________________________ cleans up broken down
organelles
Structure pockets of digestive
enzymes
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Lysosomes
white blood cells attack & eat invading germs =
digest them in lysosomes
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Lysosome function Lysosomes fuse with ________ vacuoles
____________ nutrients for the cell
vacuole
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When things go bad… Diseases of lysosomes are fatal
digestive enzyme not working in lysosome picks up food, but can’t digest it
lysosomes fill up with undigested material grow larger & larger until disrupt cell &
organ function example:
__________________________ build up undigested fat
in brain cells
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But sometimes cells need to die… Lysosomes can be used to kill cells when
they are supposed to be destroyed some cells have to die for proper
development in an organism ex: tadpole tail gets re-absorbed when it turns
into a frog “auto-destruct” process
lysosomes break open and kill cell cell “suicide”
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Making energy ______________________
make energy from sugar
sugar (glucose) ATP
______________________ make energy & sugar from sunlight
sunlight ATP & sugarATP = active energysugar = stored energy
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Mitochondria sugars ATP _________________
________________
glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energydioxide
C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP+ + +
in both animal & plant cellsin both animal & plant cells
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Mitochondria are everywhere!!
animal cellsanimal cells plant cellsplant cells
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Chloroplasts sun energy ATP & sugars _____________________
+ water + energy glucose + oxygencarbondioxide
6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light
energy + ++
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glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energydioxide
C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP+ + +
+ water + energy glucose + oxygencarbondioxide
6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light
energy + ++
Compare the equationsPhotosynthesis
Respiration
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The Great Circle of Life
sun
ATP
Photosynthesis
Respiration
O2glucosesugarCO2 H2O+ +
plants
animals & plants
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Food & water storage
plant cellsplant cells
central vacuole central vacuole
contractilevacuole
contractilevacuole
central vacuole central vacuole central vacuole central vacuole
animal cellsanimal cells
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Major organelles Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Vacuoles & vesicles Lysosome Mitochondria Chloroplast
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Any Questions??