CELLSCELLSBuilding Blocks of LifeBuilding Blocks of Life

Every living thing is made of cells Cells complete different

functions in different parts of organisms.Muscle cells help us moveFat cells store energy

Every living thing is made of cells Cells complete different

functions in different parts of organisms.Muscle cells help us moveFat cells store energy

Form and FunctionForm and Function Cells have different sizes, shapes and parts. Their appearance will reflect their

function.

Cells have different sizes, shapes and parts. Their appearance will reflect their

function.

Cells ShapesCells Shapes Plant cells are usually

rectangular because of their thick cell wall.

Animal cells are usually rounded because they lack cell walls.

Cell Shape Pictures

Plant cells are usually rectangular because of their thick cell wall.

Animal cells are usually rounded because they lack cell walls.

Cell Shape Pictures

The Two Cell TypesThe Two Cell Types Prokaryotic

Simple cells no complex organelles Small cells average size 1

micrometer Bacteria only example Oldest known form of life

Prokaryotic Simple cells no complex organelles Small cells average size 1

micrometer Bacteria only example Oldest known form of life

The Two Cell TypesThe Two Cell Types Eukaryotic: Complex cells many organelles Large cells average 20 micrometers Plants, animals, fungi, protists, Evolved much later than

prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotic: Complex cells many organelles Large cells average 20 micrometers Plants, animals, fungi, protists, Evolved much later than

prokaryotic cells

Cell PartsCell Parts Cell Membrane: Thin covering on outside of

the cell. Controls movement of

materials into & out of the cell.

Cell Membrane: Thin covering on outside of

the cell. Controls movement of

materials into & out of the cell.

needed materialswastes

Cell Wall Cell Wall

Thick, strong covering on the outside of plant cells only.

Provides protection & support for the plant.

Plan Cell Diagram

Thick, strong covering on the outside of plant cells only.

Provides protection & support for the plant.

Plan Cell Diagram

Cytoplasm Jelly-like material in the cell Contains the organelles.

Organelle (small organ) A structure in the

cytoplasm that performs a specific function.

Cytoplasm Jelly-like material in the cell Contains the organelles.

Organelle (small organ) A structure in the

cytoplasm that performs a specific function.

OrganellesOrganelles Nucleus:

The control center of the cell.

Contains the cell’s genetic material in the DNA molecule

Nucleus:The control center of the cell.

Contains the cell’s genetic material in the DNA molecule

Nucleolus Found inside nucleus Produces ribosome

Chromosomes Found inside nucleus Contain DNA Holds the cells ‘blue prints” Contain the cells genetic information

Nucleolus Found inside nucleus Produces ribosome

Chromosomes Found inside nucleus Contain DNA Holds the cells ‘blue prints” Contain the cells genetic information

Ribosomes The cell’s protein factory

Endoplasmic Reticulum: Series of membranes used to

transport materials through the cytoplasm.

Ribosomes The cell’s protein factory

Endoplasmic Reticulum: Series of membranes used to

transport materials through the cytoplasm.

Mitochondria Hot dog shape with many folds organelle where sugar is

converted to usable energy. Cells can have many

mitochondria

Mitochondria Hot dog shape with many folds organelle where sugar is

converted to usable energy. Cells can have many

mitochondria

Site of cell respiration.

C

Site of cell respiration.

C

ChloroplastsChloroplasts Site of photosyntheisis Captures sun’s energy to make food Green, oval organelle Contains chlorophyll Makes leaves green

Site of photosyntheisis Captures sun’s energy to make food Green, oval organelle Contains chlorophyll Makes leaves green

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

6CO2 +6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

sunlight

CHROMOPLASTSCHROMOPLASTS

Same function as chloroplasts They use different

wavelengths of light. Contain the bright pigments

that give Fall leaves their colors

Same function as chloroplasts They use different

wavelengths of light. Contain the bright pigments

that give Fall leaves their colors

LEUCOPLASTSLEUCOPLASTS

Used in starch storage: We will see them in potato cells.

Used in starch storage: We will see them in potato cells.

Golgi BodyGolgi Body Flat sacs, look like stack of records Used to wrap materials so that they can

easily be transported out of the cell Makes lysosomes

Flat sacs, look like stack of records Used to wrap materials so that they can

easily be transported out of the cell Makes lysosomes

DIFFUSION & OSMOSIS

DIFFUSION & OSMOSIS

DiffusionDiffusion The gradual spreading of molecules

from an area of high concentration to an area of lesser concentration.

Examples Smoke spreading in air Salt spreading in water Water spreading through a paper

towel

The gradual spreading of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lesser concentration.

Examples Smoke spreading in air Salt spreading in water Water spreading through a paper

towel

OsmosisOsmosis The diffusion of water into or out of

cells Examples

Cells placed in salt water shrink Cells placed in fresh water grow

The diffusion of water into or out of cells

Examples Cells placed in salt water shrink Cells placed in fresh water grow

CHROMATOGRAPHYCHROMATOGRAPHY

Chromatography: A technique used to separate materials based on differing chemical or physical properties.

Paper Chromatography: The type of chromatography we used to separate dyes based on their solubility in water.

Solubility: Describes how easily one substance dissolves in another.

Chromatography: A technique used to separate materials based on differing chemical or physical properties.

Paper Chromatography: The type of chromatography we used to separate dyes based on their solubility in water.

Solubility: Describes how easily one substance dissolves in another.

CHROMATOGRAPHYCHROMATOGRAPHY

The dye with the greatest solubility will travel the furthest up the filter paper.

The dye with the least solubility will travel the shortest distance up the filter paper.

The dye with the greatest solubility will travel the furthest up the filter paper.

The dye with the least solubility will travel the shortest distance up the filter paper.

CHROMATOGRAPHYCHROMATOGRAPHY

Other types of chromatography are used to separate other materials. For example gel chromatography is used to separate DNA molecules.

Other types of chromatography are used to separate other materials. For example gel chromatography is used to separate DNA molecules.

Water

Dye with greatest solubility

Dye with least solubility

Original line with mixed up colors.