Cell Transport, Tissues, and the Integumentary

SystemChapters 3, 6, and 7

Learning Objectives

• Discuss Passive and Active transports• Four tissue types of the body and

their functions• Special cells found in each tissue• Membranes• Integumentary system– Functions, layers (and structures found

in each layer), color of skin, and accessory structures

Cell Transport• Either active or passive• How we get materials into and out of

the cell• Do we need energy?• Where are the molecules going?

Passive Transport

• Do not need ATP!• Molecules move from high

concentration to low concentration!

• 4 types of passive transport:1. Diffusion2. Facilitated Diffusion3. Osmosis (water)4. Filtration (pressure)

Diffusion• Movement of substance (solute)• From high concentration to low

concentration• Example: sugar and coffee• Where does sugar go?• Where does coffee go?

Facilitated Diffusion

• Uses proteins in our membrane to get across

• Glucose, ions, etc.• No energy needed• Moves from high

concentration to low concentration

• Still diffusion, just with help

Osmosis

• Movement of water only• High concentration water to low

concentration of water

Types of Tonicity

1. Isotonic (same)2. Hypotonic (less solutes)3. Hypertonic (more solutes)

Practice

• Let’s practice some examples of diffusion and osmosis!

• Example 1: Making Kool-Aid• Example 2: Oxygen and our cells• Example 3: Osmosis

Filtration

• Moving substances from high pressure to low pressure• Blood vessels,

kidneys

Active Transport

• Needs ATP!• Moves from low concentration

to high concentration!• 3 types of Active transport:1.Transport pumps2.Endocytosis3.Exocytosis

Na+/K+ Pump

• High Na+ outside• High K+ inside• How do we

keep it that way?

Endocytosis

• Bringing large particles and water into cell

• “Phagocytosis” – cell eating

• “Pinocytosis” – cell drinking

• Use ATP!

Exocytosis

• “Exiting the cell”• Proteins made in cell • Golgi Apparatus

sends them out = exocytosis!

Any Questions?

Chapter 3

Tissues – Chapter 6

Four tissue types in our body1.Epithelial2.Connective3.Nervous4.Muscle

Epithelial Tissue

“Protective sheet”• Lines inside and

outside of us• Functions:i. Protectionii. Absorptioniii.Filtrationiv.Secretion

Epithelial Tissue• Simple squamous

– “diffusion” – (blood vessels,

lungs)

• Simple cuboidal– “secretion” – (kidneys, glands)

• Simple columnar– “absorption” – (digestive tract)

• Stratified squamous– “protection”

Connective Tissue• Most abundant• Found in blood,

underneath skin, bone, around organs

• “Connects” or binds things together

• Different named cells for different connective tissue

• Matrix made of: collagen and elastin (protein fibers)

Connective Tissue• Loose connective

tissue– skin – (cell: fibroblast)

• Osseous tissue = bone– (cells:

osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte)

• Cartilage– (cells:

chondroblast, chondrocyte)

• Adipose tissue = fat– (cell: adipocyte)

• Blood and Lymph – (cells: RBC and

WBC)

• Other cells that we can find throughout? WBCs and Macrophage!

Nervous Tissue

• Brain, spinal cord, nerves

• Two types of cells:1. Neurons: transmit

signals, “communication”

2. Neuroglia: support, “take care of” neurons

– *Will talk about later in greater detail

Muscle Tissue• Cells that “shorten” or

“contract”

1. Skeletal – voluntary2. Smooth –

involuntary3. Cardiac –

involuntary• *Will talk about later in

greater detail

Tissue Repair

• Epithelial and Connective repair

• Muscle and Nervous don’t repair, why?–No mitosis!

• Replace the normal tissue with nonfunctional – Scar, keloid

Membranes• Tissue that cover

surfaces• Line body cavities,

surround organs• Mostly epithelial

tissue (only 2 examples of connective)

Epithelial Membranes• Cutaneous: skin• Mucous: lines

organ systems (digestive, urinary, reproductive, respiratory), exposed to air

• Serous: lines body cavities, NOT exposed to air

Serous Membranes• Visceral Layer: on top of the

organ itself!• Parietal Layer: facing body walli. Pericardiumii. Pleuraiii.Peritoneum

Connective MembranesExamples:1. Periosteum: connective

tissue membrane around bone2. Meninges: connective tissue

membrane around brain and spinal cord

Any Questions?

Chapter 6

Integumentary System

Chapter 7

Integumentary System• Anatomy: skin (3 layers), hair,

nails, glands• Function:1. Protection2. Secretion3. Sensory4. Temperature regulation

Functions of the Integumentary System

• Protection: first line of defense

• Secretion: sweat, oil, milk, earwax

• Sensory: touch, pressure, pain, temperature

• Thermoregulation: blood vessels and sweating

Integumentary System

3 layers of the skin:1. Epidermis:– most superficial,

epithelial tissue

2. Dermis: – connective tissue,

protein fibers

3. Hypodermis: – connective tissue

(adipose), also called “subcutaneous”

Epidermis

• Superficial layer• No blood vessels!• Cells: keratinocytes,

melanocytes• Structures

formed: nails, hair follicle, sebaceous gland

• 2 layers: a) Stratum

germinativum b) Stratum corneum

Dermis• Connective tissue• Blood vessels and

nerves• Cell: fibroblast• Structures

found: protein fibers, sudoriferous glands (“sweat glands”)

Hypodermis

• Deepest layer• Connective tissue • Blood vessels and nerves• Cells: fibroblast,

adipocyte• Structures found:

protein fibers, adipose tissue!

• (Hypodermic needle for subcutaneous injection)

Nails

• Hard keratin• Protection• Nails appear pink? – Blood vessels

underneath!

• Important for diagnostic information (pg. 99)

Glands of the Skin

• Sebaceous: secretes sebum (oil) around hair follicle

• Sudoriferous: secretes sweati. Apocrine: axillary,

genitalii.Eccrine: throughout

body

Modified Sudoriferous Glands

• Mammary Gland–Milk production

• Ceruminous Gland– Ear Wax

Skins role in Temperature Regulation

Group Activity!