Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

Prokaryotic Cells:

Two Types of Cells: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Do not have structures surrounded by membranes

Few internal structures

One-celled organisms, Bacteria

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Prokaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by

membranes Most living organismsPlant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

1. Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts:

1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus Ribosomes

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

2. Ribosomes Function: makes proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and

eukaryotic

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery

system of the cell

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types:

1. Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has

ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, that’s

why it has ribosomes

2. Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Complex

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

4. Golgi Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, and

transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell

Appearance: stack of pancakes

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes)

Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: to break down food into

particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal CellsAnimal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

6. Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy formation

Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell

activities that require energy

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

7. Vacuoles Function: stores water

This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts

*Found in Plant & Animal Cells- Much Bigger in Plant cells!

Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

8. Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from the sun

to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of

chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

Chloroplasts

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

9. Cell Wall Function: provides support and

protection to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in

plant cells

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

Comparing Plant and Animal CellsPlant Animal