Cell StructureCell StructureCell StructureCell Structure

2.12.1

Human Factory Demo• Ask for volunteers to

assemble a cheap and easy snack (each person has a different job). Each student gets one snack.

• Relate the process to the cell having different parts with different jobs that keep us alive

(Save for 2nd day of lecture #1)

Just like on a sports team or in an office, cells are composed of many important people/organelles that each fulfill a different role!!!

I give you “The Cell Song”…

I. Cellular Boundaries

A. Cell Wall1. Rigid barrier that provides support and protection2. Outside the plasma membrane3. Found mostly in plants (and some bacteria)

I. Cellular BoundariesB. Cell Membrane

1. The protective membrane between the cell and its environment.2. Regulates what comes in and out of the cell (maintains homeostasis)

a. food comes in b. waste goes out

II. Cell Control

A. Nucleus1. Control center

a. Gives instructions (DNA) on how to make proteins

b. Different proteins cause the cell to do different jobs.

II. Cell Control

B. Nucleolus1. Makes ribosomes

C. Ribosomes1. Leaves nucleus to make proteins in the cytoplasm

II. Cell Control

D. Cytoplasm1. Clear, gelatinous fluid that contains all of the organelles except the nucleus

Let’s continue to follow the trail of the protein!!

III. Assembly, Transport & Storage

A. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)1. Rough ER—Ribosomes drop the proteins here2. Smooth ER—The proteins undergo chemical reactions

III. Assembly, Transport & Storage

3. The ER is a highly folded membrane

a. Allows for a lot of work to be done

in a small amount of space

III. Assembly, Transport & Storage

B. Golgi Apparatus1. Sorts proteins into packages vesicles2. Sends vesicles to the appropriate destination in the cell3. A.K.A. The Post Office4. Looks like a flattened stack

III. Assembly, Transport & Storage

C. Vacuoles1. Temporary storage of materials in the cell

a. foodb. enzymesc. waterd. waste products

III. Assembly, Transport & Storage

2. Animal cells usually do NOT have vacuoles. If so, they are very small.3. Plant cells usually have one large vacuole.

III. Assembly, Transport & Storage

D. Lysosomes1. Digest worn out cell parts, food particles, viruses, etc.2. Lysosomes contain enzymes

a. The membrane around the lysosome protects the rest of the cell from being digested.

Where does a cell get the energy to make these proteins???

Stay tuned to find out…

IV. Energy Transformers

A. Chloroplasts1. Capture sunlight and convert it to chemical energy (food)2. Found mostly in plant cells

IV. Energy Transformers

b. Chloroplasts store the pigment chlorophyll

1) Traps the sunlight needed for photosynthesis

2) Chlorophyll makes the plant green

IV. Energy Transformers

B. Mitochodria1. Breaks down the sugars made during photosynthesis into a form of energy that the cell can use (ATP)2. Folded membranes allow for a lot of work to be done in a small space

a. Looks like kidney bean with accordion folds.

We know cells are the basic unit of organization…

What are more complex types of organization?

V. Organization

A. Tissues- Similar cells that work together to do a job1. Muscle tissue2. Brain tissue3. Etc

V. OrganizationB. Organ- A structure made up

of 2 or more tissues that work together to do a job1. Ex: Your heart is made of

a. muscle tissueb. nerve tissuec. blood tissue

V. OrganizationC. Organ System- A group or

organs working together 1. Ex: Heart, lungs and blood vessels make up the cardio vascular system.

D. Know this:Cell-> Tissues-> Organs-> Organ Systems-> Organism

Recap

-What organelles make up the cell’s boundaries?

-What organelle controls the functions of the cell? How?

-What organelles are associated with transport of proteins in the cell?

Recap-What organelles are associated with storage?

-What organelle makes energy?-What organelle breaks down sugar to release energy?

-What are some differences between plant and animal cells?