Cell Specialization and Cell Communication

Goal 2.02: Investigate and describe the structure and function of cells, including cell specialization and communication among cells within and organism.

Levels of OrganizationOrgan System OrganTissueCell

Cell Specialization

Cell Specialization

Cell Specialization

Cell SpecializationCells are the building blocks of all organismsSometimes a single cell is not just part of the

organisms but it is the whole organism. Unicellular Organisms: an organism made up of

one cellDoes everything that you would expect a living thing to

do ex. Protists

Cell SpecializationMulticellular Organisms: an organism that is made

up of many cellsDepends on communication and coordination

because they have specialized cellsCell Specialization: cells throughout an organism

can develop in different ways to perform different tasks. Example: brain cells and heart cells

What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?

Multicellular organisms:

What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?

Multicellular organisms:Organisms that are made of more than one cell.

What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?

Multicellular organisms:Organisms that are made of more than one cell.

Why does a multicellular organism need specialized cells?

What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?

Multicellular organisms:Organisms that are made of more than one cell.

Why does a multicellular organism need specialized cells? (ADD to NOTES!)In order to be efficient and get the job done!

What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?

What makes the cells in a multicellular organism different from one another?All cells in an organism have the same DNA.

What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?

What makes the cells in a multicellular organism different from one another?All cells in an organism have the same DNA.Instructions in DNA lead to: some cells in a

multicellular organism becoming different because different parts of their DNA is turned “on” or “off.”

This results in cells that are specialized to perform specific functions in multicellular organisms

What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?

Why are some cells shaped a certain way?

What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?

A cell’s structure is related its function.

What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?

A cell’s structure is related its function.In other words, a cell’s shape is specially

designed so that the cell can do its job!

Types of Specialized CellsThis type of cell sends and receives messages

from the brain. It is specialized for communication.

Types of Specialized CellsThis type of cell sends and receives messages

from the brain. It is specialized for communication.Neuron (aka nerve cell)

Synapses

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5cab4hgmoE

Types of Specialized CellsThis type of cell is specialized for carrying oxygen

in the blood. It contains a protein called ____ which helps it carry oxygen.

Types of Specialized CellsRed blood cell: This type of cell is specialized for

carrying oxygen in the blood. It contains a protein called hemoglobin which helps it carry oxygen.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4GUYdaM3QIY

Types of Specialized CellsThis type of cell helps protect the outside of our

body. These cells divide a lot to make more of them, since we lose these cells all time as ____.

Types of Specialized CellsSkin cells: This type of cell helps protect the

outside of our body. These cells divide a lot to make more of them, since we lose these cells all time as dust.

Types of Specialized Cells___________: This type of cell contains a lot of

mitochondria because they need to use a lot of energy.

Types of Specialized CellsMuscle cells: This type of cell contains a lot of

mitochondria because they need to use a lot of energy.

Types of Specialized Cells_________: This type of cell has a “tail” aka _____

that helps it swim.

Types of Specialized CellsSperm cell: This type of cell has a “tail” aka

flagellum that helps it swim.

Types of Specialized Cells______________: This is a type of tissue in plants

that helps transport things. There are 2 types.

The cells in a multicellular organism communicate with one another.

Why do a multicellular organism’s cells need to be able to communicate with one another?

The cells in a multicellular organism communicate with one another.

Why do the cells in a multicellular organism need to be able to “talk” with one another?One main reason – In order to maintain

homeostasis.

The cells in a multicellular organism communicate with one another.

Why do the cells in a multicellular organism need to be able to “talk” with one another?One main reason – In order to maintain

homeostasis.How do cells communicate?

Cells communicate with chemicals.

The cells in a multicellular organism communicate with one another.

Why do the cells in a multicellular organism need to be able to “talk” with one another?One main reason – Maintain homeostasis.

How do cells communicate?With chemicals!

• Two types: Hormones and Neurotransmitters

The cells in a multicellular organism communicate with one another.

Hormones:Released into the bloodstream.Often used to transmit messages to cells that

are not close together.Examples: Adrenaline, insulin.

The cells in a multicellular organism communicate with one another.

Neurotransmitters:Chemicals that transmit messages between cells

that are right next to one another.Examples: Dopamine, histamine.

The cells in a multicellular organism communicate with one another.

How do hormones and neurotransmitters work? (ADD to NOTES!)In order for the “message” to be received, the

receiving cell needs a receptor that recognizes the hormone or neurotransmitter.

DRAW this picture!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6uHotlXvPo